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資料No. ： NS100414
I-1 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題 (1) TOEIC 1. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 If I had been there I could have _______. (A) been help (B) helped (C) helping (D) helpful 2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 _______ do you think about the new model? (A) Which (B) What (C) Who (D) Maybe 3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 After checking the laundry, I found the colors _______ (A) had run (B) running (C) runner (D) run 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 They've all been _______ away already. (A) took (B) taken (C) taking (D) take 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 That's the store _______ I bought it. (A) that (B) where (C) which (D) there 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 His students _______ that his class was very boring. (A) continued (B) produced (C) complained (D) bothered 7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 He carried himself with _______. (A) assured (B) assurance (C) assurances (D) assure (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 Professors often administer surprise quizzes in order to get ----- the importance of remaining prepared throughout the semester. (A) students to realize (B) students realized (C) to be realized by students (D) the realization that students 2. 空所補充問題 2. 空所補充問題 Critics call state lotteries a form of taxation on the poor because the publicity lavished ------ misleads consumers into believing their chances are better than they are. (A) on lucky enough people to win (B) people on those lucky winners (C) on those lucky enough to win (D) those lucky to win enough on 3. 空所補充問題 In ordinary conversation, we often use the terms "nuclear" and "atomic" interchangeably, even though "nuclear" is not always ----- "atomic". (A) as (B) the same as (C) similar (D) alike 4. 空所補充問題 A British engineering firm and its Indonesian counterparts ------ this bridge with more than enough strength and stability to withstand current traffic loads. (A) designs (B) are designing (C) to design (D) designing 5. 空所補充問題 Neither the Republicans nor the Democrats in Congress ------ to recommend new initiatives on current controversies just before presidential primaries. (A) was able (B) has the ability (C) is able to (D) find it easy 6. 正誤問題 The rate (A)which the keynote speaker (B)delivered his address was (C)so rapid that most of the people (D)listening could not understand what he was trying to say. 7. 正誤問題 Do not (A)place this sample (B)in direct sunlight, or expose it (C)to (D)extremely heat or moisture. 8. 正誤問題 One of the main (A)advantages of (B)shorter vehicles (C)are (D)their maneuverability. 9. 正誤問題 (A)Depending on (B)its individual fire safety policies, some apartment building management companies may require fire extinguishers to be placed inside elevators, (C)while others may have them placed outside elevator entrances (D)on each floor. 10. 正誤問題 A recent city council (A)vote approved the establishment (B)of a municipal fund to assist (C)on paying for renovation of the deteriorating (D)historic downtown area. I-2 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題解答 (1) TOEIC 1. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 If I had been there I could have _______. (A) been help (B) helped (C) helping (D) helpful 訳：もし私がそこにいたら、手伝うことができたのに。 ※正解(B)。If I had been という if 節から、主節は過去の事実に反する仮定を表す仮定法過去完了の文になることに注目します。この用法はという形を取ります。正解は、(B) の過去分詞 helped です。 2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 _______ do you think about the new model? (A) Which (B) What (C) Who (D) Maybe 訳：新しいモデルについてはどう思いますか？ ※正解(B)。What do you think about 〜？ で「〜をどう思いますか？」という決まり文句です。(A) の Which は一定の人・事物の「どれか」という選択を尋ねる場合、(C) の Who は「誰？」と尋ねる疑問詞で、この場合不適切です。 3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 After checking the laundry, I found the colors _______ (A) had run (B) running (C) runner (D) run 訳：洗濯物を見てみると、色落ちしていることがわかった。 ※正解(A)。この場合の run は「（色などが洗濯で）落ちる」という意味の自動詞です。(B) の running という現在分詞は、この場合は After checking 〜 という副詞節があるので不適切です。(D) の run を原形不定詞と考えると、find は原形不定詞を補語にはとりませんし、run は自動詞なので「〜させられた」という意味で過去分詞ととることもできません。正解は (A) で found の後に that 節 の that が省略された形です。 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 They've all been _______ away already. (A) took (B) taken (C) taking (D) take 訳：それらはもう持っていかれてしまいました。 ※正解(B)。They've (all) been に注目すると、 という完了時制であることがわかります。過去分詞 been の後に続く語は、(B) か (C) にしぼられます。take away は「〜を持ち去る」という他動詞句で目的語を伴うので、(C) は不可。受動態の完了時制となる (B) が正解になります。 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 That's the store _______ I bought it. (A) that (B) where (C) which (D) there 訳：私がそれを買ったのはその店です。 ※正解(B)。That's the store. と I bought it there. の2文をつなぐ関係詞が入ります。the store を先行詞として接続詞と副詞の働きをする (B) の関係副詞 where が正解です。関係代名詞の (C) which を用いる場合、in which と前置詞が必要です。 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 His students _______ that his class was very boring. (A) continued (B) produced (C) complained (D) bothered 訳：生徒たちは彼の授業はとても退屈だと文句を言った。 ※正解(C)。選択する動詞の目的語となる that 節の「授業がとても退屈だ（boring）」をヒントに、適切な語を選択します。(A) は「続けた」、(B) は 「生み出した」、(D) は 「困らせた」という意味です。(C) のcomplained「不平を言った」が文意に合います。 7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 He carried himself with _______. (A) assured (B) assurance (C) assurances (D) assure 訳：彼は堂々と振る舞った。 ※正解(B)。「with＋抽象名詞」で副詞の働きをし、with assurance「確信をもって」という意味になります。名詞の複数形の (C) assurances はここでは適切ではありません。過去分詞の (A) assured、動詞 (D) assure は with の後にはきません。 (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 Professors often administer surprise quizzes in order to get ----- the importance of remaining prepared throughout the semester. (A) students to realize (B) students realized (C) to be realized by students (D) the realization that students ※正解(A)。【解説】 getには使役用法がある。その場合には、「get+人+to動詞」の形になる。これに該当するのはstudents to realizeである。students realizedではrealizedの働きが文法的でない。残りの選択肢ではstudentsの後に名詞the importanceが続くことになり文として成り立たない。 2. 空所補充問題 2. 空所補充問題 Critics call state lotteries a form of taxation on the poor because the publicity lavished ------ misleads consumers into believing their chances are better than they are. (A) on lucky enough people to win (B) people on those lucky winners (C) on those lucky enough to win (D) those lucky to win enough on ※正解(C)。【解説】 the publicity lavishedとその後に続く空所の部分を合わせた意味は「幸運にも宝くじに当たった人に世間の注目が集まるので」になる。この意味になるのはon those (who were) lucky enough to winである。who wereが省略されている点に注意。publicity「世間の注目」。問題文では、lavish ... on〜「〜に ... を惜しまずに与える」が受け身で用いられている。 3. 空所補充問題 In ordinary conversation, we often use the terms "nuclear" and "atomic" interchangeably, even though "nuclear" is not always ----- "atomic". (A) as (B) the same as (C) similar (D) alike ※正解(B)。【解説】 「同じ」という意味を表すにはどの語を使えばいいか。正解はthe same asである。similarの場合には、その後に前置詞toが必要となる。alikeは名詞の前には置けない。（例）Those two are much alike.「その２つはとても似ている」。 4. 空所補充問題 A British engineering firm and its Indonesian counterparts ------ this bridge with more than enough strength and stability to withstand current traffic loads. (A) designs (B) are designing (C) to design (D) designing ※正解(B)。【解説】 andを挟んで名詞句が２つ並んでいる。それを動詞designsでは受けられない。空所には動詞が入ることになるので、to designとdesigningは不可。正解はare designingである。 5. 空所補充問題 Neither the Republicans nor the Democrats in Congress ------ to recommend new initiatives on current controversies just before presidential primaries. (A) was able (B) has the ability (C) is able to (D) find it easy ※正解(D)。【解説】 the Republicans、the Democrats両者とも複数形になっていることがポイント。was able、has the ability、is able toはどれも複数形の主語の後には使えない。したがって、find it easyが正解となる。 6. 正誤問題 The rate (A)which the keynote speaker (B)delivered his address was (C)so rapid that most of the people (D)listening could not understand what he was trying to say. ※正解(A)。【解説】 which → at。 which関係代名詞whichは前のThe rate「速度」にかかっているが、前置詞atを付け足して、at whichにしなければ修飾関係が成り立たない。deliver「（演説などを）する」。so rapid ... はso ... that構文である。listeningの前にはwho wereが略されている。 7. 正誤問題 Do not (A)place this sample (B)in direct sunlight, or expose it (C)to (D)extremely heat or moisture. ※正解(D)。【解説】 extremely → extreme。 placeは動詞で「置く」の意味。in direct sunlight「直射日光に」、expose ... to 〜「... を〜に晒す」。heat「熱」は名詞。したがって、extremelyは形容詞extreme「極度の」にしなくてはいけない。 8. 正誤問題 One of the main (A)advantages of (B)shorter vehicles (C)are (D)their maneuverability. ※正解(C)。【解説】 are → is。 呼応に関する基本問題である。areは文頭のoneを受けているのでisにしなければならない。maneuverability「操縦しやすさ」。 9. 正誤問題 (A)Depending on (B)its individual fire safety policies, some apartment building management companies may require fire extinguishers to be placed inside elevators, (C)while others may have them placed outside elevator entrances (D)on each floor. ※正解(B)。【解説】 its → their。 Depending on ... は「... によって、次第で（分詞構文）」の意味。itsは後に出てくるsome ... companiesとothersを受けている。したがって、itsではなくtheirになる。while「... の一方で」と前置詞onの用法に問題はない。 10. 正誤問題 A recent city council (A)vote approved the establishment (B)of a municipal fund to assist (C)on paying for renovation of the deteriorating (D)historic downtown area. ※正解(C)。【解説】 on → in。voteは名詞で「投票」の意味。前置詞ofに問題はない。assistの後に来る前置詞はonではなくinである。historic「歴史的に有名な」。 II.時事英文 Personal Toilet (その2；全5回シリーズ) Anders Wilhelmson: "When the feces is sanitized, all the pathogens are inactivated and killed, it is a valuable fertilizer. It's full of [nutrients] that we need so, you can just bury it in a pot and grow whatever you like." The hotter the weather, the more quickly the waste breaks down into ammonia to be taken up by plants. Anders Wilhelmson says the sanitation process can take as little as a couple of hours or as long as two to four weeks. III - a. 雑知識
III -b. 英語でどう言う？ 直接会う meet in person 【例文】I know of Daisuke, but I've never met him in person あいさつを交わす exchange greetings 【例文】I exchanged greetings in English with our new American colleague. 目をそらす turn one's eyes away 【例文】I looked at Nancy, but she turned her eyes away from me. 見て見ぬふりをする look the other way 【例文】The drunk made a lot of noise in the train, but the other passengers looked the other way. III-c Phrases in the News 行政刷新会議 Government Revitalization Unit ※A government task force, the Government Revitalization Unit, on Tuesday proposed abolishing six projects worth 15.6 billion yen ... as it continued its quest to slash at least 3 trillion yen in wasteful spending from budget requests for fiscal 2010. ※2010年度予算の概算要求から、3兆円以上の無駄削減を目指している政府の行政刷新会議は火曜、6事業(要求額156億円)の廃止を求めた。 IV. Jokes a. Even with a thousand games, dolls and crafts at the toy store, my customer still couldn't find a thing for her grandson. "Maybe a video or something educational?" I asked. "No, that's not it," she replied. We wandered the aisles until something caught her eye: a laser gun with flashing lights and 15 different high-pitched sounds. "This is perfect," she said, beaming. "My daughter-in-law will hate it." b. As a thoughtful air stewardess who wants the best for her passengers, I always give this advice during the flight: "Ladies and gentlemen, make up your mind about what you're going to do before entering the lavatory, because once you close that door, there's no turning round." c. Prior to his biopsy, a patient confessed to a fellow nurse just how nervous he was. "Don't worry," the nurse said. "You're just having a little autopsy." d. My real name is Wilton but everyone at the plastics factory calls me Dub. And that's where the confusion began. A woman from the front office came by with a form to fill out. But when she asked for my name, I wasn't sure which one to give. Waiting patiently for me to make up my mind, she said, "I don't have any easier questions." e. Johnson, who always shows up for work on time, comes in an hour late, his face scratched and bruised, his glasses bent. "What happened to you?" his boss asks. "I fell down two flights of stairs," Johnson answers. "That took you a whole hour?" |