資料No. ： NS100331  

I-1 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題
(1) TOEIC
1. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題
There is a 3% _______ if you order more than 100.
(A) reduce (B) discount (C) cheaper (D) inexpensive

2. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題
The key to our future success _______ increased productivity.
(A) depends (B) had to be (C) will be (D) is likely

3. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題
Not only her children but also her mother _______ in the park.
(A) was (B) have been (C) being (D) were

4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題
Are you sure we ought _______ this on the air later tonight?
(A) to show (B) to be shown (C) have shown (D) show

5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題
He asked me to check all _______ major hotels while I was there.
(A) a (B) an (C) the (D) some

6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題
Show me that report when he _______ out of the room.
(A) goes (B) will go (C) is gone (D) went

7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題
These _______ distributed at next week's meeting.
(A) were (B) have been (C) will (D) are being

(2) TOEFL
1. 空所補充問題
Duck hunters use shotguns because the spreading of the shot gives them more ------ hitting a target.
(A) opportunities at　(B) likelihoods of　(C) talents at　(D) chance of

2. 空所補充問題
Anyone ----- a child to read will understand what a rewarding experience it can be.
(A) having taught　(B) is to teach　(C) who has taught　(D) teach

3. 空所補充問題
More highly-motivated foreign students ----- to State Universities this year than in any previous year.
(A) have accepted to　(B) have been accepted　(C) accepted them　(D) to accept them

4. 空所補充問題
Baby birds hatch in the nest ------ they must be fed and protected until they can fly and hunt on their own.
(A) what　(B) why　(C) how　(D) where

5. 空所補充問題
Mediation provides a way to solve disputes that would ------ take huge amounts of time and money to solve in court.
(A) like to　(B) otherwise　(C) rather　(D) always

6. 正誤問題
Many of us (A)celebrate national and religious holidays (B)because they were personal entitlements, (C)rather than special occasions intended (D)to offer thanks or reverence.

7. 正誤問題
In interviewing prospective employees, government agencies (B)are prohibited from asking (C)about an applicant's (D)politic.

8. 正誤問題
The (A)audiences watching the award ceremony is (B)responding well to (C)our request for electronic voting on (D)who should win the award.

9. 正誤問題
Neither a fixed-wing airplane (A)or a helicopter, the (B)tilt-rotor aircraft combines the (C)functions of (D)both types of design.

10. 正誤問題
A trip (A)that usually takes about an hour (B)by car can take twice (C)as long as when (D)traffic is unusually heavy.

I-2 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題解答
(1) TOEIC
1. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題
There is a 3% _______ if you order more than 100.
(A) reduce (B) discount (C) cheaper (D) inexpensive
訳：100 個以上ご注文の場合には 3% の割引があります。
※正解（B）。a があるところから「値引き、割引」の意味の名詞が入ることが分かるはずです。reduce は「削減する、低下させる」の意味の動詞。cheaper は形容詞 cheap（「安い」の意味で、inexpensive と同義）の比較級。

2. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題
The key to our future success _______ increased productivity.
(A) depends (B) had to be (C) will be (D) is likely
訳：当社の将来的な成功の鍵は生産性の向上です。
※正解（C）。depends「…に拠る」を使う時は、Our future success depends on increased productivity. likely は「たぶん」の意味では、通常 very または most を伴います。「…しそうだ」の意味では、be likely to ... または be likely that ...です。

3. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題
Not only her children but also her mother _______ in the park.
(A) was (B) have been (C) being (D) were
訳：彼女の子供たちだけでなく、彼女の母親もその公園にいた。
※正解（A）。not only 〜 but also ... 「〜だけでなく…もまた」が主語の位置にある場合、動詞は ... に一致させます。したがって、ここでは her mother に呼応する、(A) の was が正解です。

4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題
Are you sure we ought _______ this on the air later tonight?
(A) to show (B) to be shown (C) have shown (D) show
訳：これを今晩遅くに放送するべきだと本当に思いますか？
※正解（A）。ought は後ろにがくるので (C)、(D) は不適切です。(B) は受動態で、「〜されるべきだ」という意味。

5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題
He asked me to check all _______ major hotels while I was there.
(A) a (B) an (C) the (D) some
訳：そこにいる間に、すべての一流ホテルを調べるように彼に頼まれた。
※正解（C）。で、その名詞の指すものすべてを表します。したがって、正解は (C) です。all は the の前にくるという語順に注意してください。

6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題
Show me that report when he _______ out of the room.
(A) goes (B) will go (C) is gone (D) went
訳：彼が部屋から出ていったら、そのレポートを見せてよ。
※正解（A）。彼が「部屋から出ていく」のは未来のことですが、when を使った「時」を表す副詞節の中では、未来のことでも現在形で表します。したがって、正解は (A) になります。I don't know when he will come back.「彼がいつ帰るかわかりません」など、名詞節のときは未来形を使いますから、注意しましょう。

7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題
These _______ distributed at next week's meeting.
(A) were (B) have been (C) will (D) are being
訳：これは来週の会議で配布されます。
※正解（D）。「来週の会議で」という未来の内容を表す副詞句がヒントです。(A) の過去形や (B) の現在完了では不適切です。また、(C) の未来を表す助動詞 will の後には distributed はきません。正解は (D) で、受動態の進行形で未来を表しています。

(2) TOEFL
1. 空所補充問題
Duck hunters use shotguns because the spreading of the shot gives them more ------ hitting a target.
(A) opportunities at　(B) likelihoods of　(C) talents at　(D) chance of
※正解（D）。【解説】　文脈から判断して「見込み、機会」の意味を表すchance、あるいは、 opportunitiesが空所に入ることが分かる。opportunitiesの後に来る前置詞はatでは なくof、forである。したがって、chance ofが正解になる。

2. 空所補充問題
Anyone ----- a child to read will understand what a rewarding experience it can be.
(A) having taught　(B) is to teach　(C) who has taught　(D) teach
※正解（C）。【解説】　will understand ... がこの文の動詞部である。したがって、関係代名詞 who ... で文を繋がなければ、動詞がダブってしまう。

3. 空所補充問題
More highly-motivated foreign students ----- to State Universities this year than in any previous year.
(A) have accepted to　(B) have been accepted　(C) accepted them　(D) to accept them
※正解（B）。【解説】　accept「受け入れる、認める」は他動詞である。文意からして、当然、受け 身にしなければならない。受け身になっているのはhave been acceptedだけである。

4. 空所補充問題
Baby birds hatch in the nest ------ they must be fed and protected until they can fly and hunt on their own.
(A) what　(B) why　(C) how　(D) where
※正解（D）。【解説】　空所にはthe nestを受けてin which（場所）の働きをする関係副詞が入るは ずである。正解はwhere。

5. 空所補充問題
Mediation provides a way to solve disputes that would ------ take huge amounts of time and money to solve in court.
(A) like to　(B) otherwise　(C) rather　(D) always
※正解（B）。【解説】　空所には「調停（mediation）がなければ、もしそうでなければ」の意味を表 すことばが入る。正解はotherwiseである。他の語では意味が成立しない。

6. 正誤問題
Many of us (A)celebrate national and religious holidays (B)because they were personal entitlements, (C)rather than special occasions intended (D)to offer thanks or reverence.
※正解(B)。【解説】　becauseでは前後の文が繋がらない。they wereがあることからas though/as if ... 「まるで ... であるかのように」を使えば仮定法の文にる。

7. 正誤問題
In interviewing prospective employees, government agencies (B)are prohibited from asking (C)about an applicant's (D)politic.
※正解(D)。【解説】　名詞applicant「応募者」の後に形容詞politic「政治上の」が来るはずがな い。ここは名詞politics「政治（活動）」を使わなくてはいけない。

8. 正誤問題
The (A)audiences watching the award ceremony is (B)responding well to (C)our request for electronic voting on (D)who should win the award.
※正解(A)。【解説】　audience「聴衆」は集合名詞である。したがって、audiencesと複数形にする必要はない。

9. 正誤問題
Neither a fixed-wing airplane (A)or a helicopter, the (B)tilt-rotor aircraft combines the (C)functions of (D)both types of design.
※正解(A)。【解説】　Neitherがあるのでorではなくnorを使うことになる。文頭にBeing（分詞構 文）を補って考えればNeither ... helicopterの意味が分かるだろう。

10. 正誤問題
A trip (A)that usually takes about an hour (B)by car can take twice (C)as long as when (D)traffic is unusually heavy.
※正解(C)。【解説】　どこにも問題が見当たらない？take twice as longで「二倍は（時間が）か かる」の意味。その後のasがなくても意味が通じるということは、２番目のasが余分 だったのである。

II.時事英文
An English Test (その4：全4回シリーズ)
We visited the ETS Web site for more information about the TOEIC. But one of the first things we saw was a warning about a "phishing scam." A phishing scam is a kind of crime that uses e-mail to trick people into providing financial or other personal information. In this case the e-mails claim to be from the Educational Testing Service.

Spokeswoman Christine Betaneli advises people taking the TOEIC to be suspicious of any e-mails claiming to be from ETS. They should be especially suspicious of messages that ask for information that they have already provided for the test.

The spokeswoman says if you get an e-mail you are not sure about, forward it or send a separate message to ContactETS@ets.org.

III - a. 雑知識
1.

cut corners（角を切る）は「手抜きをする」の意味の慣用表現で、corners の前に修飾語を伴って使われることもある。High demand for raw materials pushes managers to cut safety corners. は、需要が増加する一方で安全管理をおろそかにしている中国の鉱山業界について伝えたReuters 通信の記事から。
2.

hit（打つ）は hit the road で「出発する」の意味になる。An estimated 100 million travelers will be hitting the roads, packing trains, planes, buses and highways. は、春節(旧正月) を前にした中国の帰省ラッシュについて伝えたヘラルド朝日の記事から。
3.

新型プリウスのブレーキ問題で、豊田章男社長が記者会見で謝罪し、「現地現物」の経営姿勢の方針を強調した。情報は現場へ行って自分の眼で確かめるという「現地現物」の意味をAFP-Jiji 通信の記事が、The phrase refers to the importance of getting to the source and finding the facts to make correct decisions. と説明していた。
4.

sellout は会場などが「大入り満員」の意味。オバマ米大統領は１月30日、ワシントンでジョージタウン大学とデューク大学が対戦するバスケットボールの試合を満員の観客と共に観戦した。AP通信の記事が、Obama joined a sellout crowd to watch seventh-ranked Georgetown take on No. 8 Duke. と伝えた。
5.

snap up は特売品などを「先を争って買う」の意味。Uniqlo has defied a prolonged retail slump in Japan as thrifty consumers snap up its relatively inexpensive merchandise. は、カジュアル衣料品店「ユニクロ」に関するAFP-Jiji 通信の記事から。小売業界が低迷する中、低価格商品で売り上げを伸ばしてきた。
6.

pocket（ポケット）には「財力、資金力」の意味がある。ドイツなど欧州主要国が、財政危機に陥ったギリシャ政府を支援することが決まった。"The Germans are the only ones with deep pockets." は、ヘラルド朝日の記事に掲載された欧州政策研究センター所長のダニエル・グロス氏のコメント。
7.

dive（飛び込む）には株価や利益などが「急落する」の意味がある。米自動車業界に関するReuters 通信の記事で、かつての売れ筋だったトラックとSUV（スポーツ用多目的車）のが販売不振に陥ったことを、Sales of highly profitable gas-thirsty trucks and sport utility vehicles have dived. と伝えていた。

III -b. 英語でどう言う？
ひと目ぼれする
fall in love with someone at first sight
【例文】Taro fell in love with Hiroko at first sight when he met her at the matchmaking party.
片思いをする
suffer from one-sided love
【例文】Yoko is suffering from one-sided love for the most popular boy in school.
付き合う(交際する)
go with
【例文】I have been going with Kaori for nearly a year.
ペアルックを着る
wear matching clothes
【例文】I love wearing matching clothes with my girlfriend.

III-c Phrases in the News
地方分権
decentralization
※Prime Minister Yukio Hatoyama signaled his intention to establish a basic law to achieve decentralization after being pressed during his first meeting with long-frustrated prefectural governors.
※鳩山由紀夫首相は都道府県知事たちとの初めての会合で、業を煮やした知事らに押される形で、地方分権を確立するための基本法(地域主権基本法)を制定する意向を示した。

IV. Jokes
a. On checking my son's backpack, I found a crumpled note he was given his Year 2 teacher. When I asked if it was now too late to hand it in, he shrugged and said, "Probably."
"Oh, Cameron," his eight-year-old sister exclaimed, "you're so forgetful!"
"Oh, Melissa," he retaliated, "you're so rememberable."

b. While on vacation, my husband and I decided to have dinner at a nice restaurant. We were standing at the door with our three-year-old son, Justin, waiting for a table.
The restaurant was very busy, so the hostess was offering a glass of wine to each of the waiting customers. As the hostess approached us, she asked, "Would you like some wine?"
Before we could answer her, Justin asked. "Do you have any chocolate milk?"

c. There was no way I was going to allow myself to go gray while only in my 30s. So I dyed my hair. Later, I modeled the new look for my husband. "Well, do I look five years younger?" I asked.
"No," he said. "But your hair does."

d. The train conductor walked up and down the aisle, reminding passengers to "stay seated and do not wander aimlessly about." As he passed me, he mumbled "That's my job."

e. "Hurry up!" I yelled to my niece. We were running late for the movies, and she hadn't even gotten in the car.
"It's better to get there late than not at all," she chided.
"That's great advice. Did your mother teach you that?" I asked.
"No," she said. "That's what the cop told Mummy last week when he pulled us over."

f. Days after buying a thriving rosebush, I returned it to the store. "Is something the matter?" the clerk asked. I handed her a brown mass of sticks and said, "It's dead."
She examined the former flora thoroughly, then smiled pleasantly before asking, "And is there anything else wrong with it?"


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