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資料No. ： NS100310
I-1 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題 (1) TOEIC 1. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 With the uncertainty in the market, I advise you to invest _______. (A) cautiously (B) confidently (C) disastrously (D) certainly 2. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 A clone refers to one or more offspring derived from a single ancestor, _______ genetic composition is identical to that of the ancestor. (A) such as (B) even if (C) because (D) whose 3. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 It was Mr. White _______ called this morning, he said he would call back around 3 p.m. (A) to be (B) that (C) what (D) to whom 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 In olden times the total power _______ to mankind was little more than the muscular power of the workers. (A) applicable (B) formidable (C) suitable (D) available 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Although the project was well-received by the management, it was later postponed _______ a lack of funding. (A) regardless of (B) due to (C) as for (D) so that 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 As manufacture becomes cheaper and less local, transport and labor costs have risen, and recycling has become _______ economic. (A) more (B) still (C) less (D) much 7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 _______ sanctions and aid cuts by the United States, Japan and other countries, India conducted two more underground nuclear tests. (A) Despite (B) Although (C) Between (D) With (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 In order ----- the momentum of any moving object, one must multiply its mass by its velocity. (A) calculate (B) calculated (C) calculating (D) to calculate 2. 空所補充問題 Seismic surveys are conducted by ----- off manmade explosions in different locations on the surface of the earth and then analyzing the resulting echoes. (A) taking (B) giving (C) telling (D) setting 3. 空所補充問題 Nicaragua's constitution of 1995 prevented future presidents ----- serving consecutive terms. (A) to (B) of (C) from (D) out 4. 空所補充問題 ----- molten lava cools under certain conditions, the result can be obsidian, a natural substance similar to glass. (A) Though (B) When (C) Why (D) Which 5. 空所補充問題 The rocky, hilly island of Aruba in the West Indies ----- part of a colony of the Netherlands since that country took possession of it in 1634. (A) was being (B) has been (C) being (D) to be 6. 正誤問題 The telephone has been (A)characterized by some philosophers (B)as the earliest example of what has come to (C)called "virtual reality" in the computer (D)age. 7. 正誤問題 The (A)largest cargo ships, referred to (B)by supertankers, often (C)exceed a half a million tons in (D)deadweight. 8. 正誤問題 The australopithecine is (A)a prehuman creature (B)that lived about 3 million years ago, and (C)when existence has been inferred (D)from fossil evidence. 9. 正誤問題 The ability to conceive (A)of speech as meaningful usually emerges (B)shortly after an infant's first birthday, and children make (C)amazing rapid progress toward fluent speech during (D)their second year. 10. 正誤問題 Topologists (A)are mathematicians (B)they study the (C)mathematical properties of geometrical (D)figures. I-2 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題解答 (1) TOEIC 1. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 With the uncertainty in the market, I advise you to invest _______. (A) cautiously (B) confidently (C) disastrously (D) certainly 訳：市場が不安定なので、投機は慎重にしたほうがいいですよ。 ※正解(A)。「市場が不安定だ」と言っているのですから、気をつけるように勧める表現がくると考えられます。(B)「大胆に」、(C)「悲惨に」、(D)「確かに」では文意が通りません。 2. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 A clone refers to one or more offspring derived from a single ancestor, _______ genetic composition is identical to that of the ancestor. (A) such as (B) even if (C) because (D) whose 訳：クローンとは1人の祖先から生じた1人かそれ以上の子孫を言い、その遺伝子構成はその祖先と同一である。 ※正解(D)。《解説》だれのgenetic composition「遺伝子構成」であるかを空所に入れる語によって明らかにする。内容的には当然「クローンの遺伝子構成」ということになり、A cloneを先行詞として、関係代名詞のwhoseを非制限用法で用いればよい。refer to「〜を指して言う」、offspring「子孫」、ancestor「祖先」 《選択肢》(A) such as「〜のような」、(B) even if「たとえ〜でも」 3. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 It was Mr. White _______ called this morning, he said he would call back around 3 p.m. (A) to be (B) that (C) what (D) to whom 訳：今朝、電話をかけてきたのはホワイト氏で3時ごろまたかけ直すと言っていました。 ※正解(B)。《解説》calledの主語は内容的にはMr. White以外にはない。そのことを踏まえて文の形を見れば、Mr. Whiteを強調したIt was 〜 that ...の強調構文であることが容易に見抜けるはずである。強調構文のthatは関係代名詞のthatとは違うので、混乱しないようにしたい。 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 In olden times the total power _______ to mankind was little more than the muscular power of the workers. (A) applicable (B) formidable (C) suitable (D) available 訳：昔は人類が利用できる力の総量は労働者の筋力をほとんど上回るものではなかった。 ※正解(D)。《解説》the total power「総体的な力」を後ろから修飾する形容詞を選ぶ。選択肢の語はどれも-ableの接尾辞をもつが、-ableは動詞につけて形容詞を作り、「…できる, …に適するなど」の意味にする。ここでは(D) のavailable 「利用できる」を選ぶ。 《選択肢》(A) applicable「当てはまる」, (B) formidable「恐ろしい」, (C) suitable「適当な」 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Although the project was well-received by the management, it was later postponed _______ a lack of funding. (A) regardless of (B) due to (C) as for (D) so that 訳：その企画を経営陣は喜んで受理したが、後でそれは資金不足により先送りされた。 ※正解(B)。《解説》内容的にa lack of funding「資金不足」がit was later postponed「それは後に先送りされた」ことの理由になっている。したがって、空所には理由を表す群前置詞を置く。理由を表すのはdue to「〜のために」。 《選択肢》(A) regardless of「〜にもかかわらず」、(C) as for「〜に関して」 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 As manufacture becomes cheaper and less local, transport and labor costs have risen, and recycling has become _______ economic. (A) more (B) still (C) less (D) much 訳：生産のコストが安くなりその集中化が進むにつれ、輸送や労働のコストは上昇し、リサイクルはより経済的でなくなってきている。 ※正解(C)。《解説》接続詞のAsはここでは後ろに比較級の文を従えて、「〜するにつれて、ますます…である」という文を作っている。問題箇所は「ますます経済的になる (more economic) 」とするのか、「ますます経済的でなくなる (less economic) 」とするのか、文全体の内容からよく判断する。 《選択肢》(B) と (D) のstill, muchはいずれも比較級の強調に用いられる。 7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 _______ sanctions and aid cuts by the United States, Japan and other countries, India conducted two more underground nuclear tests. (A) Despite (B) Although (C) Between (D) With 訳：合衆国や日本、その他の諸国による制裁や援助の削減にもかかわらず、インドはさらに2つの地下核実験を実施した。 ※正解(A)。《解説》内容的には譲歩の意味を表す語を入れることになるが、(A) を選んで譲歩の前置詞にするか、(B) を選んで譲歩の接続詞にするか、文の形からよく判断すること。sanctions and aid cuts by the United States, Japan and other countries「合衆国や日本、その他の諸国による制裁や援助の削減」は基本的には一つの名詞句であることを見れば、(A) のDespite 〜「〜にもかかわらず」が入る。 (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 In order ----- the momentum of any moving object, one must multiply its mass by its velocity. (A) calculate (B) calculated (C) calculating (D) to calculate ※正解(D)。【解説】 基本的な問題である。In order... の後に動詞を続けることになるので、この場合はto不定詞を使う。velocity「速力」。 2. 空所補充問題 Seismic surveys are conducted by ----- off manmade explosions in different locations on the surface of the earth and then analyzing the resulting echoes. (A) taking (B) giving (C) telling (D) setting ※正解(D)。【解説】 offの後にmanmade explosions「人工の（人の手による）爆発」が来ている。setを空所に入れればset offで「（爆発を）引き起こす」という意味になる。seismic「地震の」。 3. 空所補充問題 Nicaragua's constitution of 1995 prevented future presidents ----- serving consecutive terms. (A) to (B) of (C) from (D) out ※正解(C)。【解説】 動詞preventと一緒に使う前置詞は？ fromである。prevent... from〜で「……に〜させない、妨げる」という意味になる。 4. 空所補充問題 ----- molten lava cools under certain conditions, the result can be obsidian, a natural substance similar to glass. (A) Though (B) When (C) Why (D) Which ※正解(B)。【解説】 文の前半は「……すると」、後半は「その結果は……」という流れになるはずである。正解は(B) Whenである。 5. 空所補充問題 The rocky, hilly island of Aruba in the West Indies ----- part of a colony of the Netherlands since that country took possession of it in 1634. (A) was being (B) has been (C) being (D) to be ※正解(B)。【解説】 空所にはこの文の動詞が入ることになるので、(C) (D)は不可。was beingでは意味が通らない。したがって、正解は(B)。 6. 正誤問題 The telephone has been (A)characterized by some philosophers (B)as the earliest example of what has come to (C)called "virtual reality" in the computer (D)age. ※正解(C)。【解説】 called → be called。受け身be characterized by... 、前置詞asの用法に問題はない。「……と呼ばれるようになった」という意味を表すにはhas come to be called... にしなければいけない。the computer age「コンピューター時代」。 7. 正誤問題 The (A)largest cargo ships, referred to (B)by supertankers, often (C)exceed a half a million tons in (D)deadweight. ※正解(B)。【解説】 by → as。最上級largestに問題はない。(which is) referred to as... で「……として呼ばれる」の意味になる。exceed「越える」、deadweight「総重量」。 8. 正誤問題 The australopithecine is (A)a prehuman creature (B)that lived about 3 million years ago, and (C)when existence has been inferred (D)from fossil evidence. ※正解(C)。【解説】 when → whose。冠詞a、関係代名詞thatの用法に問題はない。whenをwhoseにしなければ意味が通らない。be inferred from... 「……から推測される」。australopithecine「アウストラロピテクス属の猿人」。 9. 正誤問題 The ability to conceive (A)of speech as meaningful usually emerges (B)shortly after an infant's first birthday, and children make (C)amazing rapid progress toward fluent speech during (D)their second year. ※正解(C)。【解説】 amazing → amazingly。conceive of... as 〜で「……を〜だと思う」、shortly after... で「……のすぐ後」の意味。amazingは形容詞rapidを修飾するのでamazinglyと副詞形にする。theirをchildrenのことを指す。 10. 正誤問題 Topologists (A)are mathematicians (B)they study the (C)mathematical properties of geometrical (D)figures. ※正解(B)。【解説】 they → who/that。heyに注目。このままではtheyの前後の文が繋がらない。theyの代わりに関係代名詞who/thatを使えばいい。topologist「位相幾何学者」。 II.時事英文 An English Test (1その1：全4回シリーズ) This week on our program, we answer a question from Japan. A listener named Maki would like to know if the test known as the TOEIC is popular in the United States. TOEIC is the Test of English for International Communication. It measures the ability of people to communicate in the workplace using everyday English. The Educational Testing Service in Princeton, New Jersey, develops and administers the TOEIC. It says more than nine thousand organizations use the test in more than ninety countries. III - a. 雑知識
III -b. 英語でどう言う？ 雑巾(ぞうきん)をしぼる wring out a rag 【例文】Mother wrung out the rag and wiped up the spilled milk. 部屋の模様替えをする rearrange the furniture in a room 【例文】I am planning to rearrange the furniture in my room before I welcome the new year. 冷蔵庫の中身を腐らせてしまう let the contents of a refrigerator go bad 【例文】You did a lot of grocery shopping. Be careful not to let the contents of the refrigerator go bad. 部屋を換気する air out a room 【例文】It was so dusty that Mary aired out the room. III-c Phrases in the News (経営)再建 reconstruction ※The reconstruction plan currently being worked out says that JAL would need 180 billion yen in bridge loans by the end of November and 300 billion yen in investments or loans by March next year. ※策定中の再建計画では、日本航空は11月中に1800億円のつなぎ融資を、来年3月までに3000億円の出資か融資を受ける必要があるとしている。 IV. Jokes a. A man goes to a psychiatrist, who then diagnoses him as a kleptomaniac. "Really?" the guy says. "Is there anything I can take for it?" b. My friend told me he'd dug a hole in my garden and filled it with water. I thought, "He means well." c. Derek had a bespoke suit made by a world-renowned tailor. At the final fitting, he remarked that the left sleeve was a trifle long. "Just lower your left shoulder a little and stick your arm out and the sleeve will be perfect,2 said the tailor. Derek said that this made a crease appear above his chest. "Push your stomach out, put your right hand on your hip and the crease will disappear." Derek said that the trousers didn't seem to hang correctly. "Swing your right leg out to the right and the trousers will look perfect," said the tailor. Overlooked by the famous clothier, Derek paid for his new outfit and wore it home. He walked along the pavement holding his left arm out, pushing his stomach out and swinging his leg to one side. Two doctors passed by. "What do you suppose is wrong with that poor fellow?" asked one. "I don't know," replied his colleague, "but he's got a damned good tailor." d. Two drunks stumble out of a bar after a long night of boozing. They have no idea what time it is. One asks, "Is that the sun up there, or the moon?" "How would I know?" says the other. "I don't live around here." e. My cousin's not so bright. She got an AM radio - her month to realize she could use it at night. |