|
資料No. ： NS100303
I-1 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題 (1) TOEIC 1. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 _______ many more elderly parents to care for, more employees will face tough choices in deciding whether to move. (A) Because (B) Though (C) With (D) Among 2. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 A depleted ozone layer allows more UV-B radiation _______ Earth, harming human, animal, and plant life in many ways. (A) getting to (B) to reach (C) arrived on (D) to come 3. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 It's a shame that we have to commute two hours _______ way in rush-hour traffic jams. (A) any (B) some (C) no (D) each 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Tobacco smoke contains about 4,000 _______, including 200 known poisons. (A) chemicals (B) nutrition (C) obstacles (D) neutrons 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Temperatures have ranged from 43 to 50 across India over the past month, _______ the hottest summer in 50 years. (A) in making (B) made of (C) they made (D) making it 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Thirteen European countries have signed the first _______ international ban on human cloning as controversy over such experiments heats up. (A) bound (B) binding (C) bind (D) binder 7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 A little thing to _______ about is that not many housewives are using the Internet. (A) be concerned (B) do concerning (C) do concerned (D) concernment (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 Dorothea Lange was one of several photographers ----- most important work depicted the despair experienced by the poor during the Great Depression. (A) who (B) whose (C) whom (D) heir 2. 空所補充問題 The Whigs were political parties in England, Scotland and America named ----- the "whiggamores," a Scotch word once used to describe opponents of King Charles I of England. (A) after (B) on (C) to (D) with 3. 空所補充問題 Unlike the simple bellows, the dual-action bellows enables the operator ----- a continuous stream of gas or liquid from the device. (A) emit (B) emitted (C) emitting (D) to emit 4. 空所補充問題 The fuel in the core of a nuclear reactor produces heat that converts water to steam, which, -----, is used to drive electrical generators. (A) as turned (B) turning (C) it turns (D) in turn 5. 空所補充問題 Although mercury is still used in some glass thermometers, it has ----- been replaced by equally reliable non-toxic materials. (A) large (B) largely (C) larger (D) largest 6. 正誤問題 Poison oak, poison ivy, and poison sumac, are three (A)related bushes and vines (B)that they contain sap capable (C)of causing severe irritation (D)to the skin. 7. 正誤問題 (A)Conflict between speakers of the Dutch and French languages (B)have played (C)an important role in (D)the history of the Netherlands. 8. 正誤問題 The need (A)to identify men of diverse ranks and specialties (B)amid the confusion of the battlefield has led to the development of (C)elaborately, ostentatious and decorative (D)regalia. 9. 正誤問題 Magnetic compasses have a (A)built-in error resulting from the fact (B)that the (C)earth's geographical poles are not the same as (D)their magnetic poles. 10. 正誤問題 (A)Whereas each zebra has (B)its own unique pattern of stripes, (C)some experts believe that the (D)animals use the patterns to identify each other. I-2 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題解答 (1) TOEIC 1. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 _______ many more elderly parents to care for, more employees will face tough choices in deciding whether to move. (A) Because (B) Though (C) With (D) Among 訳：従業員のますます多くの者が、介護が必要な一層高齢の親を抱えて、転勤するかどうかの決定に厳しい選択を迫られることになるだろう。 ※正解(C)。《解説》to care for「介護を要する」はelderly parentsを後ろから修飾する形容詞用法の不定詞。したがって、many more elderly parents to care for全体で1つの名詞句であり、その前に前置詞を置いて、コンマ以下の主節につなげる。(C) のWithが入るが、「〜を抱えて」の意味。 《選択肢》(D) のAmong「〜の間に」も前置詞だが、内容的に合わない。 2. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 A depleted ozone layer allows more UV-B radiation _______ Earth, harming human, animal, and plant life in many ways. (A) getting to (B) to reach (C) arrived on (D) to come 訳：オゾン層の破壊により、より多くの紫外線Bが地球に降り注ぎ、人や動植物にいろいろな害を与えている。 ※正解(B)。《解説》allowという動詞の用法がポイント。「allow＋O＋to do」で「Oが〜するのを許す」という意味になる。したがって、(B) が答えだが、A depleted ozone layer「オゾン層の破壊」がmore UV-B radiation 「より多くの紫外線B」を「地球に到達させる」と言っている。 《選択肢》(A) はgettingと現在分詞であるところが誤り。 3. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 It's a shame that we have to commute two hours _______ way in rush-hour traffic jams. (A) any (B) some (C) no (D) each 訳：ラッシュアワーの交通渋滞の中を片道2時間かけて通勤しなければならないとはひどいことだ。 ※正解(D)。《解説》any, some, noのいずれも後ろに単数名詞、複数名詞の両方をとることが可能であるが、eachは単数名詞しかとることができない。ここではtwo hours each wayで「片道2時間」の意味。commuteは「通勤する」、traffic jamsは「交通渋滞」。 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Tobacco smoke contains about 4,000 _______, including 200 known poisons. (A) chemicals (B) nutrition (C) obstacles (D) neutrons 訳：タバコの煙は約4000ほどの化学物質を含んでいるが、そのうち200は毒性物質として知られている。 ※正解(A)。《解説》containもincludeも「〜を含む」の意味。ただし、containは あるものを内容の全体として含む場合に、includeはある物を内容の一部として含む場合に用いられる。ここではタバコがその中に4000もの何を入れているかを考えるが、答えは複数名詞になる。 《選択肢》(A) chemicals「化学物質」、(B) nutrition「栄養（物）」、(C) obstacles「障害（物）」、(D) neutrons「中性子」 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Temperatures have ranged from 43 to 50 across India over the past month, _______ the hottest summer in 50 years. (A) in making (B) made of (C) they made (D) making it 訳：インド中でこの1か月の間、気温が43度から50度にもなり、50年ぶりの暑さとなった。 ※正解(D)。《解説》コンマの後の語句とその前の文とを何らかの形で接続しなければならない。選択肢には接続詞はないから、どうやら (D) を選んで分詞構文でつなぐことになる。making it the hottest summerは「一番暑い夏にして」の意味。itは漠然と天気状況を指している。 《選択肢》(A) in making 〜「〜を作る際に」、(B) made of 〜「〜からできて（いる）」 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Thirteen European countries have signed the first _______ international ban on human cloning as controversy over such experiments heats up. (A) bound (B) binding (C) bind (D) binder 訳：ヨーロッパでは13か国が、そのような実験をめぐる議論が高まる中で、人間のクローンを禁止する最初の拘束力をもつ国際的な条約に署名した。 ※正解(B)。《解説》選択肢を見ると、いずれもbind「〜を縛る、拘束する」の活用形、ないし派生語である。ここではinternational ban「国際的な禁止」という名詞句を修飾するのであるから形容詞形、ないしその機能をもつものを選べばよい。(A) のboundは過去分詞で「拘束された」の受け身の意味。(B) のbindingは現在分詞が形容詞化した語で、「拘束力のある」の意味。 7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 A little thing to _______ about is that not many housewives are using the Internet. (A) be concerned (B) do concerning (C) do concerned (D) concernment 訳：インターネットを利用している主婦は多くないということは少し懸念しておかなければならない。 ※正解(A)。《解説》concernはbe concerned about 〜で「〜を心配する、懸念する」の意味になる（= be anxious about）。ここではto不定詞の形容詞的用法でA little thing「ささやかなこと」を後ろから修飾している。 《選択肢》concernment「心配、関係、重要性」 (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 Dorothea Lange was one of several photographers ----- most important work depicted the despair experienced by the poor during the Great Depression. (A) who (B) whose (C) whom (D) heir ※正解(B)。【解説】 空所以下のの文は「主語＋動詞＋目的語」が揃っているので、who、whom、theirは使えない。正解は所有格whoseである。depict「描く」。 2. 空所補充問題 The Whigs were political parties in England, Scotland and America named ----- the "whiggamores," a Scotch word once used to describe opponents of King Charles I of England. (A) after (B) on (C) to (D) with ※正解(A)。【解説】 「……の名を取って〜と名付けた」という意味を表すにはnamedの後にどのような前置詞を使えばいいか。正解は(A) afterである。 3. 空所補充問題 Unlike the simple bellows, the dual-action bellows enables the operator ----- a continuous stream of gas or liquid from the device. (A) emit (B) emitted (C) emitting (D) to emit ※正解(D)。【解説】 enable+名詞の後に動詞を続ける場合には、to不定詞を用いる。bellows「ふいご」。 4. 空所補充問題 The fuel in the core of a nuclear reactor produces heat that converts water to steam, which, -----, is used to drive electrical generators. (A) as turned (B) turning (C) it turns (D) in turn ※正解(D)。【解説】 as turnedでは意味が通らない。空所の後にis usedがあるので、turning、it turnsが使えないのは明か。正解は(D) in turn。 5. 空所補充問題 Although mercury is still used in some glass thermometers, it has ----- been replaced by equally reliable non-toxic materials. (A) large (B) largely (C) larger (D) largest ※正解(B)。【解説】 hasとbeenの間に形容詞が入るはずがない。正解は副詞largely「大部分は」である。 6. 正誤問題 Poison oak, poison ivy, and poison sumac, are three (A)related bushes and vines (B)that they contain sap capable (C)of causing severe irritation (D)to the skin. ※正解(B)。【解説】 that they → that。relatedは「同族の、関連のある」という意味の形容詞。関係代名詞thatの後にtheyを続けては前後の文が繋がらない。このtheyは不要である。前置詞of、toの用法に問題はない。 7. 正誤問題 (A)Conflict between speakers of the Dutch and French languages (B)have played (C)an important role in (D)the history of the Netherlands. ※正解(B)。【解説】 have → has。この場合のconflict「戦い、争い」は不可算名詞。haveはconflictに呼応してhasにしなくてはいけない。冠詞an、theに問題はない。 8. 正誤問題 The need (A)to identify men of diverse ranks and specialties (B)amid the confusion of the battlefield has led to the development of (C)elaborately, ostentatious and decorative (D)regalia. ※正解(C)。【解説】 elaborately → elaborate。The needの後のto不定詞、前置詞amid「……の真っ最中に」の用法に問題はない。elaboratelyの後には形容詞ostentatious「人目を引く」、decorative「装飾の」が並んでいるので、それに合わせて副詞elaboratelyは形容詞elaborate「手の込んだ、精巧な」にする。regaliaは「記章、勲章」のこと。 9. 正誤問題 Magnetic compasses have a (A)built-in error resulting from the fact (B)that the (C)earth's geographical poles are not the same as (D)their magnetic poles. ※正解(D)。【解説】 their → its。built-in「（本来）備わった」、接続詞that、所有格earth'sに誤りは見あたらない。theirはearthのことを指すので、この場合はitsを用いる。 10. 正誤問題 (A)Whereas each zebra has (B)its own unique pattern of stripes, (C)some experts believe that the (D)animals use the patterns to identify each other. ※正解(A)。【解説】 Whereas → Since。Whereas「……に反して」では、some experts以下の文と意味的に繋がらない。Whereasの代わりにSince、あるいは、Becauseを使えばいい。 II.時事英文 Helen Keller (その12；全12回シリーズ) Three years after Helen started to communicate with her hands, she began to learn to speak as other people did. She never forgot these days. Later in life, she wrote: "No deaf child can ever forget the excitement of his first word. Only one who is deaf can understand the loving way I talked to my dolls, to the stones, to birds and animals. Only the deaf can understand how I felt when my dog obeyed my spoken command. " Those first days when Helen Keller developed the ability to talk were wonderful. But they proved to be just the beginning of her many successes. III - a. 雑知識
III -b. 英語でどう言う？ タイムカードを押す punch a timecard 【例文】I forgot to punch my timecard this morning. 電話に出る answer the phone 【例文】I'm tied up now. Can you answer phone for me? 名刺を交換する exchange business cards 【例文】Mr. Takahashi exchanged business cards with his new client. 残業する work overtime 【例文】My husband has to work two hours of overtime every day. III-c Phrases in the News 給油活動 refueling activities, refueling mission ※British Forign Secretary David Miliband urged Tokyo on Tuesday to reconsider its plan to discontonue the Maritime Self-Defense Force's refueling activities in the Indian Ocean. ※デービッド・ミリバンド英外相は火曜、海上自衛隊によるインド洋での給油活動の撤収を日本政府が検討していることについて、再考を求めた。 IV. Jokes a. With a van-load of screaming Year Two students in tow, my sister was driving on a field trip. Clearly distracted, she coasted through a stop sign, catching the attention of a security guard. "Hey," he called out. "Have you forgotten how to stop?" Indignant, my sister yelled back over the din, "What makes you think they're all mine?" b. I was passing a shop in the charming little town of Etna, California, and noticed this on the front door: "PUSH. If you can't push, PULL. If you can't pull, WE'RE CLOSED." c. Dear Abie, The other day I set off for work. I hadn't gone more than two kilometers when my engine conked out and the car shuddered to a halt. I walked back home, only to find my husband making love to our neighbor. He was let go from his job six months ago, and he says he has been feeling increasingly depressed and worthless. I love him very much, but I don't know if I can trust him anymore. What should I do? Frustrated Dear Frustrated, A car stalling can be caused by a variety of faults with the engine. Check that there is no debris in the fuel line. If it's clear, check the jubilee clips holding the vacuum pipes onto the inlet manifold. Or it could be that the fuel pump itself is faulty, causing low delivery pressure to to the carburetor float chamber. I hope this helps. d. With fire alarms blaring at my mum's apartment complex, she grabbed her favorite bathing suit and ran out. "A bathing suit?" I said later. "Of all the priceless things in that apartment, that's what you chose to save?" "Material things come and go," she said. "But a one-piece suit that doesn't make you look fat is impossible to replace." e. A man and his dog go to a movie. During the funny scene, the dog laughs. When there's a sad part, the dog cries. This goes on for the entire film: Laughing and crying in all the right places. After the show, a man who was sitting in the row behind them comes up and says, "That was truly amazing!" "It sure was," the dog owner replies. "He hated the book." |