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資料No. ： NS100224
I-1 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題 (1) TOEIC 1. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The pressures that now drive recycling come _______ from companies, but from governments and voters. (A) straight (B) all (C) not (D) anywhere 2. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 They set such a high quota that _______ of the workers could meet the standards. (A) most (B) a lot (C) all (D) none 3. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Many AIDS experts voiced skepticism _______ the vaccine would actually prevent HIV infection in very many people. (A) about whether (B) on which (C) only because (D) in case 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 _______ of cultural differences, what is your take on those computer software commercials that came in from the U.S.? (A) Spoken (B) Speaking (C) In speech (D) The speech 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 If Miss Green _______ me some notice, I could have prepared the room for her arrival. (A) would give (B) had given (C) has given (D) gave 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 To my regret, not only Mr. Wilson but also his boss _______ on a business trip then. (A) were (B) had been (C) has been (D) was 7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Like the tropical forests _______ they are frequently compared, reefs are repositories of vast biological wealth. (A) to which (B) in order (C) with that (D) in which (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 The practice of bargaining is common in both barter transactions ----- those in which currency is used. (A) and (B) and also (C) and with (D) also 2. 空所補充問題 Few people think of a man named Walter Camp while watching American football, but he was the most important figure ----- the rules, strategy, and techniques of the game. (A) in developing (B) to develop (C) as developed (D) who develops 3. 空所補充問題 An attitude of boastful, warlike patriotism can ----- jingoism. (A) as to be referred (B) to be referred as (C) referred to be as (D) be referred to as 4. 空所補充問題 Condominiums are multi-family residential buildings that are architecturally similar to apartment buildings, but ----- each unit is an independent piece of real estate. (A) in it (B) there in (C) in that (D) in which 5. 空所補充問題 The first boatloads of convicts and ----- families to be transported from England to Australia were carried on the First Fleet of 1788 in a voyage that took eight months. (A) they (B) their (C) them (D) those 6. 正誤問題 (A)Author Robert Louis Stevenson (B)settling with his family in Apia (C)on the island of Upolu, (D)one of the Samoan islands in the South Seas. 7. 正誤問題 (A)In Roman mythology, the god of wine and agricultural (B)productivity was (C)named Bacchus, who was virtually (D)identity to the Greek god of wine Dionysus. 8. 正誤問題 (A)When a region of high atmospheric pressure (B)on the black sea moves (C)toward the southwest, it often (D)means sunny weather for much of the eastern Mediterranean. 9. 正誤問題 The dinosaurs were (A)an enormously successful category of animal, (B)as is clear from the fact that (C)it survived for (D)so many millions of years. 10. 正誤問題 In 1970, (A)voters in the Finland brought (B)down one of the most drastic election upsets in the 53 years (C)since the northern European country (D)had become independent. I-2 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題解答 (1) TOEIC 1. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The pressures that now drive recycling come _______ from companies, but from governments and voters. (A) straight (B) all (C) not (D) anywhere 訳：今ではリサイクルを促す圧力は、企業からではなく、行政や投票者から来る。 ※正解（C）。《解説》文の内容はリサイクル運動に駆り立てる圧力はどこから来るかということ。ポイントは接続詞のbutで、from companiesとfrom governments and votersとがbutを用いた相関表現の中で対比的に述べられている。結論は (C) を選んで、not 〜 but ...「〜ではなくて…」の形にする。 《選択肢》straight「真っすぐに」、anywhere「どこかに」 2. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 They set such a high quota that _______ of the workers could meet the standards. (A) most (B) a lot (C) all (D) none 訳：非常に高い割り当てを与えられて、労働者は1人もその基準を満たすことができなかった。 ※正解（D）。《解説》such 〜 that ...「とても〜なので、…」に注意して文の意味をしっかり押さえること。a high quotaは「高い割り当て」、meet the standardsは「基準を満たす」。「高い割り当てなので、だれも基準を満たせない」という意味にするのが自然。none of the workers 〜は「労働者の1人として〜しない」の全否定の表現。 3. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Many AIDS experts voiced skepticism _______ the vaccine would actually prevent HIV infection in very many people. (A) about whether (B) on which (C) only because (D) in case 訳：多くのエイズの専門家がそのワクチンに対して、実際に多くの人々のHIV感染を防ぐことができるかどうか疑問を投げかけた。 ※正解（A）。《解説》skepticism「懐疑」に着目して、「〜かどうか懐疑を表明した」の意味で文を作る。Aを選ぶことになるが、whetherはaboutの目的語になる名詞節を作る接続詞。vaccine「ワクチン」、HIV infection「HIV（ウィルスによる）感染」 《選択肢》(C) のonly becauseは「ただ〜のために」、(D) のin caseは「〜の場合に」の意味。 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 _______ of cultural differences, what is your take on those computer software commercials that came in from the U.S.? (A) Spoken (B) Speaking (C) In speech (D) The speech 訳：文化の違いと言えば、アメリカから来た例のコンピュータ・ソフトウェアのコマーシャルをあなたはどう思いますか。 ※正解（B）。《解説》慣用的な独立分詞構文の問題。ここで「文化の違い (cultural differences) と言えば、…」と冒頭の部分で話題を提示している。(B) を選んでSpeaking of 〜とする。なお、Talking of 〜と言っても同じ。your take on 〜は「〜に対するあなたの受け取り方（口語）」。慣用句としては、Strictly speaking「厳密に言えば」、 Frankly speaking「率直に言えば」などもよく見る表現。 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 If Miss Green _______ me some notice, I could have prepared the room for her arrival. (A) would give (B) had given (C) has given (D) gave 訳：もしグリーンさんが来ることを知らせてくれていたなら、私は彼女に部屋を用意しておくことができただろう。 ※正解（B）。《解説》過去の事実に反することを仮定して言う仮定法過去完了の文。主節はI could have prepared the room for 〜「私は〜のために部屋を用意しておくことができただろう」と仮定法過去完了なので、If節もこれに合わせて「had＋過去分詞」の形で作る。 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 To my regret, not only Mr. Wilson but also his boss _______ on a business trip then. (A) were (B) had been (C) has been (D) was 訳：残念なことに、ウィルソン氏だけでなく、彼の上司までもが、そのとき出張中であった。 ※正解（D）。《解説》相関接続詞not only A but also B「AだけでなくBもまた」の構文では、これが主語に来た場合、動詞はBに一致させる。Bにあたるのは、ここではhis boss「彼の上司」で単数名詞である。なお、then「そのとき」があるので、時制は過去形が適当で、(B) や (C) の完了時制は不適当。 7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Like the tropical forests _______ they are frequently compared, reefs are repositories of vast biological wealth. (A) to which (B) in order (C) with that (D) in which 訳：よく比較される熱帯の森林のように、珊瑚礁はおびただしい生物の宝庫である。 ※正解（A）。《解説》comparedはbe compared to[with] 〜の形で「〜と比較される」の意味になる。the tropical forests「熱帯の森林」を先行詞とする関係代名詞を空所に入れることになるが、この場合compared につく前置詞（toないしwith）が関係代名詞の前に場所を移す形になる。 《選択肢》 (C) は関係詞のthatはその前に前置詞を置くことはできないので誤り。 (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 The practice of bargaining is common in both barter transactions ----- those in which currency is used. (A) and (B) and also (C) and with (D) also ※正解（A）。【解説】 文中のbothに注目。「両方」の意味を表すには空所にandを入れればいい。bargaining「取り引き、値切ること」。 2. 空所補充問題 Few people think of a man named Walter Camp while watching American football, but he was the most important figure ----- the rules, strategy, and techniques of the game. (A) in developing (B) to develop (C) as developed (D) who develops ※正解（A）。【解説】 to develop、as developedでは前後の文が繋がらない。who developsはdevelopsが現在形になっているので不可。正解は(A) in developingである。このinは「……において、する時に」の意味。 3. 空所補充問題 An attitude of boastful, warlike patriotism can ----- jingoism. (A) as to be referred (B) to be referred as (C) referred to be as (D) be referred to as ※正解（D）。【解説】 動詞referの用法を知っているかどうかが問われているが、空所の前にcanがあるので、(A) (B) (C)が使えないのはすぐにわかるだろう。正解は(D)。be referred to as... 「……と呼ばれている、言われている」。jingoism「好戦的愛国主義」 4. 空所補充問題 Condominiums are multi-family residential buildings that are architecturally similar to apartment buildings, but ----- each unit is an independent piece of real estate. (A) in it (B) there in (C) in that (D) in which ※正解（D）。【解説】 in itではitが何を指すのかが分からない。there inでは前後の文が繋がらない。関係代名詞thatの前に前置詞inは使えない（一部の例外を除く）。正解は(D)in whichである。 5. 空所補充問題 The first boatloads of convicts and ----- families to be transported from England to Australia were carried on the First Fleet of 1788 in a voyage that took eight months. (A) they (B) their (C) them (D) those ※正解（B）。【解説】 名詞familiesの前に使えるのはtheirかthoseのどちらかである。空所にはconvicts「囚人」を受けるtheirが入ることになる。 6. 正誤問題 (A)Author Robert Louis Stevenson (B)settling with his family in Apia (C)on the island of Upolu, (D)one of the Samoan islands in the South Seas. ※正解(B)。【解説】 settling → settled。この文の動詞は？ settlingのままではこの文には動詞がないことになる。settledと過去形にすればいい。 7. 正誤問題 (A)In Roman mythology, the god of wine and agricultural (B)productivity was (C)named Bacchus, who was virtually (D)identity to the Greek god of wine Dionysus. ※正解(D)。【解説】 identity → identical。前置詞In、名詞productivity「生産性」、過去分詞namedの用法に問題はない。「……と同一の」という意味を表すにはidentityを形容詞identicalにしなくてはいけない。 8. 正誤問題 (A)When a region of high atmospheric pressure (B)on the black sea moves (C)toward the southwest, it often (D)means sunny weather for much of the eastern Mediterranean. ※正解(B)。【解説】 on → over。前置詞onは接触を表す。「……の上にある、かかっている」はonではなくoverを用いる。 9. 正誤問題 The dinosaurs were (A)an enormously successful category of animal, (B)as is clear from the fact that (C)it survived for (D)so many millions of years. ※正解(C)。【解説】 it → they。代名詞itは何を指すのか？ itはこの文の主語であるThe dinosaursを受けているのでtheyにしなければならない。 10. 正誤問題 In 1970, (A)voters in the Finland brought (B)down one of the most drastic election upsets in the 53 years (C)since the northern European country (D)had become independent. ※正解(B)。【解説】 down → about。この場合のvoters「投票者」に冠詞は必要ない。「引き起こした、もたらした」という意味にするにはbroughtの後にdownではなくaboutを用いる。接続詞since、過去完了hadに問題はない。 II.時事英文 Helen Keller (その11；全12回シリーズ) Helen traveled a lot with her family or alone with Miss Sullivan. In eighteen eighty-eight, Helen, her mother and Miss Sullivan went to Boston, Massachusetts. They visited the Perkins Institution where Miss Sullivan had learned to teach. They stayed for most of the summer at the home of family friends near the Atlantic Ocean. In Helen's first experience with the ocean, she was caught by a wave and pulled under the water. Miss Sullivan rescued her. When Helen recovered, she demanded, "Who put salt in the water? III - a. 雑知識
III -b. 英語でどう言う？ 見送る see off 【例文】We all went to the airport to see the newlyweds off. 車で人を送る give a ride 【例文】I'll give you a ride to the station. 車で人を拾う pick up 【例文】Please pick me up in front of the post office. 出迎える greet 【例文】My host father greeted me with a handshake. III-c Phrases in the News 野球殿堂入りした人 Hall of Famer ※Ichiro became the first major leaguer to achieve 200 hits in nine consecutive seasons, breaking the 108-year-old record held by Hall of Famer "Wee" Willie Keeler. ※イチローは、大リーグ選手で初めて9シーズン連続で安打数が200本を超え、殿堂入りしているウィリー・「ウィー」・キーラーが108年前に達成した記録を破った。 IV. Jokes a. Purpose of visit?2 asked the customs agent as we approached a checkpoint at the US-Canadian border. "We're going to a wedding," my wife said. "Are you carrying any weapons - knives, guns?" he asked. "No," she said. "It's not that kind of wedding." b. When a storm blew in around our cruise ship, an older woman on deck struggled to hang on to her hat and keep her skirt from flaring up at the same time. My wife ran over to help. "Should I hold your skirt down?" she asked. "Forget about that," the woman yelled. "I've got an 85-year-old body. The hat is brand-new." c. During a home renovation, my grandfather was watching me drive in nails. "You hammer like lightning," he said. "Really?" I replied, flattered. "You never strike the same place twice." d. I was presiding over a wedding when the best man asked if I wouldn't mind also keeping an eye on the gift table. "There are a few people here the newlyweds don't really trust around all that money," he confided. "Then why on earth were they invited?" I asked, bewildered. Looking at me as if I were nuts, he said, "They're family." e. "Stop right there," our daughter told one of her students. Pointing to the Guinness on the Year Seven student's shirt. Wendy said, "You can't wear clothing with a bear logo on it." "Beer?" said the girl. "I thought it said Genius." f. The well-dressed stood out among the usual truckers after wandering into our credit union, near Los Angeles. Clearly lost, she asked, "How do I get to Beverly Hills?" Our head teller knew the quickest route: "Marry rich." |