資料No. ： NS100217  

I-1 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題
(1) TOEIC
1. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題
She _______ that she had forgotten to mail the letters.
(A) permitted (B) admitted (C) attempted (D) acquitted

2. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題
It _______ be better if you transfer the funds directly to our bank.
(A) could (B) might (C) shall (D) perhaps

3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題
This is to _______ you that our Nagoya office will open in May.
(A) impress (B) announce (C) inform (D) address

4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題
One of the biggest problems is the _______ of sufficient funding.
(A) lack (B) desire (C) amount (D) needing

5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題
Margaret could not meet Mr. Smith at the station, so she _______ to the office instead.
(A) has never been (B) has been (C) had not gone (D) had to go

6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題
You can count on John as a _______ spokesman for labor in the wage-raise negotiations.
(A) season (B) seasonable (C) seasoned (D) seasonal

7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題
James rushed off to the sales meeting in _______ a hurry he forgot his documents.
(A) such (B) that (C) order (D) what

(2) TOEFL
1. 空所補充問題
Laozi is a legendary figure who ----- one of the basic books of the Chinese philosophy known as Taoism, or Daoism.
(A) said is to have written　(B) is said to have written　(C) is said having to write　(D) had said to have been written

2. 空所補充問題
Educational psychologists use the knowledge and methods of ----- to study the processes of learning and teaching.
(A) psychological　(B) psychologically　(C) psychology　(D) psychologist

3. 空所補充問題
Since the directional orientation of the body has no effect on comfort in a weightless environment, sleeping bags in the International Space Station are vertical to the floor, and ----- to a wall.
(A) to be attached　(B) attaching　(C) attached　(D) to attach

4. 空所補充問題
----- plant material can be used as a soil conditioner known as compost, which helps increase soil fertility.
(A) Partial decayed　(B) Partially decayed　(C) Decayed partially　(D) Decayed partial

5. 空所補充問題
The typical university ----- bachelor's, master's, specialist, and doctoral degrees.
(A) to grant　(B) granting　(C) it grants　(D) grants

6. 正誤問題
In 1961, a computer succeeded (A)to the first time ever (B)in generating specifications for the number of components and (C)most efficient wiring plan for (D)another computer.

7. 正誤問題
The process of (A)progressive medical care may begin (B)with intensive care, (C)followed by intermediate care, long-term care, (D)but self care or home-care.

8. 正誤問題
(A)An imperfect rhyme (B)in which two words are (C)spelling similarly but pronounced differently is known in poetry (D)as an eye rhyme.

9. 正誤問題
The stomach, small intestine (A)and large intestine (B)are (C)they included (D)in the human digestive tract.

10. 正誤問題
A coral reef usually (A)forms in an elongated shape roughly (B)parallel to a shoreline, and is separated (C)from the shore by (D)their lagoon or other body of water.

I-2 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題解答
(1) TOEIC
1. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題
She _______ that she had forgotten to mail the letters.
(A) permitted (B) admitted (C) attempted (D) acquitted
訳：彼女は手紙を出すのを忘れたことを認めました。
※正解(B)。「認める」の意味の動詞を選びます。permit は「許可する」。attempt は「試みる」。acquit は「釈放する」。admit は通例自分に都合の悪いことをしぶしぶ認めるような場合に用いられます。

2. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題
It _______ be better if you transfer the funds directly to our bank.
(A) could (B) might (C) shall (D) perhaps
訳：資金を直接当行に移しかえていただいた方が良いかもしれません。
※正解(B)。まず、perhaps は副詞であるので、ここには入らない（後ろに原形の be があるので）ことを理解したい。後は意味上どれが一番適切かを判断するしかありません。

3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題
This is to _______ you that our Nagoya office will open in May.
(A) impress (B) announce (C) inform (D) address
訳：当社名古屋支店が 5 月に開店することをお知らせいたします。
※正解(C)。impress と address は意味上不自然。announce は announce that ... の形をとるか、または announce the opening of ... の形であれば可。inform は動詞＋目的語＋ that ... の形をとることができる。

4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題
One of the biggest problems is the _______ of sufficient funding.
(A) lack (B) desire (C) amount (D) needing
訳：最大の問題のひとつは充分な資金の不足です。
※正解(A)。「不足」の意味になるものは lack しかありません。desire は「欲求」、amount は「量」、needing については、need だけであれば、in need of ... の形で、「…を必要としている」という意味があります。

5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題
Margaret could not meet Mr. Smith at the station, so she _______ to the office instead.
(A) has never been (B) has been (C) had not gone (D) had to go
訳：マーガレットは駅でスミス氏に会うことができなかったので、代わりにオフィスまで行かなければならなかった。
※正解(D)。《解説》「駅で会うことができなかったので、その代わりに〜」という内容をよく留意して、空所に入れる語を選ぶこと。(D) を選べば「代わりにオフィスまで行かなければならなかった」という意味になり適当。
《選択肢》(A) の has never been (to 〜）は「（〜へ）行ったことがない」、(B) の has been (to 〜）は「（〜へ）行ったことがある」

6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題
You can count on John as a _______ spokesman for labor in the wage-raise negotiations.
(A) season (B) seasonable (C) seasoned (D) seasonal
訳：賃上げ交渉の際、労働者側の経験豊かな代弁者としてあなたがたはジョンを頼りにできる。
※正解(C)。《解説》空所に入れる語でspokesman「代弁者」を修飾させて名詞句を作ることになる。すなわち、count on John as 〜（名詞句）で「ジョンを〜として頼りにする」という表現を完成させる。(C) のseasonedは「経験豊かな、熟した」という意味の形容詞。
《選択肢》seasonable「（天候）季節にふさわしい」, seasonal「季節的な」

7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題
James rushed off to the sales meeting in _______ a hurry he forgot his documents.
(A) such (B) that (C) order (D) what
訳：ジェームズはあまりに急いで営業会議に出かけたので、書類を忘れてきた。
※正解(A)。《解説》James rushed off to the sales meeting「ジェームズは急いで営業会議に出かけた」という文とhe forgot his documents「ジェームズは書類を忘れた」という2つの文をうまく結べるかどうか。suchを選んで、such 〜 that ...「あまりにも〜なので…」の相関表現（thatはhurryとheの間で省略）を作れば、内容的にも適当である。
《選択肢》in order (that) 「（that以下）のために」

(2) TOEFL
1. 空所補充問題
Laozi is a legendary figure who ----- one of the basic books of the Chinese philosophy known as Taoism, or Daoism.
(A) said is to have written　(B) is said to have written　(C) is said having to write　(D) had said to have been written
※正解(B)。【解説】　「……だと言われている」の意味を表すにはis said to... を使う。この後に完了形have writtenが続くと「……を書いたと言われている」という意味になる。

2. 空所補充問題
Educational psychologists use the knowledge and methods of ----- to study the processes of learning and teaching.
(A) psychological　(B) psychologically　(C) psychology　(D) psychologist
※正解(C)。【解説】　空所の後に不定詞toが来ているので、形容詞psychological、副詞psychologicallyが使えないのはすぐに分かる。psychologistを使うならその前に冠詞が必要である。正解は(C)。

3. 空所補充問題
Since the directional orientation of the body has no effect on comfort in a weightless environment, sleeping bags in the International Space Station are vertical to the floor, and ----- to a wall.
(A) to be attached　(B) attaching　(C) attached　(D) to attach
※正解(C)。【解説】　andの前にareを補って考え、過去分詞attachedを空所に入れれば「壁に取り付けられている」の意味になる。

4. 空所補充問題
----- plant material can be used as a soil conditioner known as compost, which helps increase soil fertility.
(A) Partial decayed　(B) Partially decayed　(C) Decayed partially　(D) Decayed partial
※正解(B)。【解説】　過去分詞decayed「腐った、腐敗した」を修飾するには副詞partially「部分的に」を用いる。Partially decayedの語順にすれば「部分的に腐った」という意味になる。compost「堆肥」。

5. 空所補充問題
The typical university ----- bachelor's, master's, specialist, and doctoral degrees.
(A) to grant　(B) granting　(C) it grants　(D) grants
※正解(D)。【解説】　空所の後にはこの文の動詞に該当する語（句）が見あたらない。したがって、ここには動詞grants「認める、授与する」が入ることになる。

6. 正誤問題
In 1961, a computer succeeded (A)to the first time ever (B)in generating specifications for the number of components and (C)most efficient wiring plan for (D)another computer.
※正解(A)。【解説】　to → for。前置詞toの後にthe first timeが来ている点に注目。「初めて、最初に」という意味を表すにはtoではなくforを使う。

7. 正誤問題
The process of (A)progressive medical care may begin (B)with intensive care, (C)followed by intermediate care, long-term care, (D)but self care or home-care.
※正解(D)。【解説】　but → and。progressive「段階的な、連続する」、前置詞with、過去分詞followedの用法に問題はない。意味からしてbutはandにしなければならない。

8. 正誤問題
(A)An imperfect rhyme (B)in which two words are (C)spelling similarly but pronounced differently is known in poetry (D)as an eye rhyme.
※正解(C)。【解説】　spelling → spelled。rhymeは可算名詞。前置詞＋関係代名詞in whichの用法に問題はない。but以下を見れば、spellingが過去分詞spelledになることが分かる。as「……として」。

9. 正誤問題
The stomach, small intestine (A)and large intestine (B)are (C)they included (D)in the human digestive tract.
※正解(C)。【解説】　they → カットする。接続詞and、areに問題はない。theyはこの文では必要ない。theyの代わりにall、eachを使ってもいい。be included in... で「……に含まれる」の意味。

10. 正誤問題
A coral reef usually (A)forms in an elongated shape roughly (B)parallel to a shoreline, and is separated (C)from the shore by (D)their lagoon or other body of water.
※正解(D)。【解説】　their → a。forms「形をなす」、parallel to... 「……に平行して」、前置詞fromの用法に問題はない。theirは何を指すのか分からない。ここは冠詞aを用いる。

II.時事英文
Helen Keller (その10；全12回シリーズ)
For the next three years, Helen learned more and more new words. All day Miss Sullivan kept touching Helen's hand, spelling words that gave Helen a language. In time, Helen showed she could learn foreign languages. She learned Latin, Greek, French and German. Helen was able to learn many things, not just languages.

She was never willing to leave a problem unfinished, even difficult problems in mathematics. One time, Miss Sullivan suggested leaving a problem to solve until the next day. But Helen wanted to keep trying. She said, "I think it will make my mind stronger to do it now."

III - a. 雑知識
1.

seek after（〜を求める）をsought-after とすると「人気の、珍重される」の意味になる。Japanese consume 80 percent of the world's Atlantic and Pacific bluefin tuna, the two species most sought-after by sushi lovers. は、日本で消費されるクロマグロ（本マグロ）に関するAP通信の記事から。
2.

sour（すっぱい）には動詞で関係などが「悪化する」の意味がある。U.S.-Chinese trade relations have soured amid allegations of protectionism, copyright infringement and currency manipulation. は、中国の保護貿易主義や著作権侵害、人民元の為替相場管理などを巡り、貿易摩擦が問題化している米中関係に関するヘラルド朝日の記事から。
3.

walloping は「途方もない」の意味。Russia has 11 time zones, from the Polish border to near Alaska, a system so vast that you can get a walloping case of jet lag from a domestic flight. は、ロシアの時間帯（タイムゾーン）に関するヘラルド朝日の記事から。時間帯が11もあるため国内線の利用でも時差ぼけは不可避だという。
4.

flip-flop（かかとのないサンダル）には、方針などを「方向転換する」の意味がある。鳩山首相は米海兵隊普天間飛行場の移設問題で、態度を二転三転させ非難された。ヘラルド朝日の記事が、Hatoyama has already come under fire for flip-flopping on whether to renegotiate a deal to relocate a U.S. military air base.と伝えた。
5.

sweetener（甘味料）には「歓心を買うための贈り物」の意味がある。米国政府は住宅市場を活性化させるため、初めて住宅を購入する個人に最大で8000ドルの税額控除を認めた。Reuters通信の記事が、Washington has thrown in a sweetener in the form of an $8,000 home buyer's tax credit. と伝えた。
6.

pocketbook（ポケットブック、財布）は、比ゆ的に「財源」の意味で使われる。Japan is no longer willing or able to serve as Washington's pocketbook. は、ヘラルド朝日の記事に掲載されていた米国の政治アナリストの発言。日本政府が米国の言われるままに、米軍の戦費や費用を負担する時代ではないことへの言及。
7.

bull（牛）の形容詞bullish には見通しなどが「楽観的な」の意味がある。Starbucks is bullish in its outlook for the predominantly tea-drinking country. は、米コーヒーチェーン大手スターバックスに関する Reuters 通信の記事から。同社は近い将来、中国が米国に次ぐ第２の主要市場になるとの見通しを示した。

III -b. 英語でどう言う？
引っ越す
move
【例文】We moved out of our apartment and into this new house last month.
転勤する
be transferred
【例文】My brother has recently been transferred to the London branch.
出張する
go on a business trip
【例文】I went on a business trip to Paris twice last year.
転職する
change one's job
【例文】My income has been reduced since I changed my job.

III-c Phrases in the News
補正予算
supplementary budget
※According to the sources, 54 percent of the supplementary budget, featuring a 15-trillion-yen stimulus package, remains untapped at ministries and agencies.
※景気対策を盛り込んだ総額15兆円の補正予算の54パーセントは、省庁が未執行のままであることが分かった。

IV. Jokes
a. After a year on the job, our band teacher asked for the unvarnished truth: "How did I do?"
The response was favorable, but one student did suggest, "You shouldn't always compare us with your other classes."
Our teacher was stung. "The other class never complained about that."

b. My friend was flying with her daughter Helen and two-year-old granddaughter Shannon. The toddler enjoyed staring at the clouds. Then the plane prepared to land. The slightly unsettling vibrations and rattles began, but Helen reassured Shannon. "The noise is braking."
Shannon's eyes widened and she moaned, "Oh dear …"
When the laughter stopped, her mum explained the difference between "breaking" and "braking".

c. A friend of mine was in the pub recently, complaining loudly about his girlfriend. "Women always take things so personally," he said.
Three different women nearby instantly turned around. "I don't!" they retorted in unison.

d. Even though their house was burned to the ground during a devastating fire, this couple had no problem seeing the bright side. A sign in front of the cinders read "Finally! No Termites!"

e. Waiting in the ER for test results, I overheard a doctor talking to another patient. "So," he said, "I understand that you've lost the ability to speak. When did this happen?"

f. I had a chance meeting with an old school mate in a cafe. We sat down and were having a lovely reminisce until he suddenly started going on about how happily married he was. The shift in conversation perplexed me until I looked down.
The leg I'd been rubbing my itchy skin against wasn't the table's. It was his.


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