|
資料No. ： NS100127
I-1 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題 (1) TOEIC 1． Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 She had the _______ to lock all the windows, as well as the doors, before leaving on her holiday. (A) hindsight (B) foresight (C) heedlessness (D) oversight 2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 After a lengthy discussion we reached a _______ decision on the proposal. (A) unaired (B) unamiable (C) unanimous (D) infamous 3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 I'm sorry to _______ your meeting, but there's an emergency call for you on line two. (A) erupt (B) abrupt (C) disrupt (D) bankrupt 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 If you have the answers before the meeting tomorrow, we'll be able to have a discussion and _______ a step forward. (A) give (B) talk (C) walk (D) take 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The tables are set a good distance apart so it is possible to _______ an intimate conversation. (A) get (B) have (C) take (D) go 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Mr. White _______ the best out of his salesmen with an incentive plan that offers very generous rewards. (A) gives (B) owns (C) gets (D) pays 7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 No matter _______ long it takes to finish the annual report, it must be done. (A) though (B) how (C) however (D) what (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 The kukui tree of Hawaii derives its nickname, candlenut, ----- its fruit contains an oil that can be burned to generate light. (A) from the fact that (B) that from the fact (C) from that fact (D) the fact that from 2. 空所補充問題 Not until Richard Wagner completed his Ring cycle of operas -----. (A) a composer had created musical drama on such a grand scale (B) had a composer created musical drama on such a grand scale (C) had created a composer musical drama on such a grand scale (D) a composer created musical drama on such a grand scale 3. 空所補充問題 In cases ----- the regular prosecutor may have a conflict of interest, an official known as independent council can be appointed to carry out the investigation or prosecution. (A) which (B) where (C) that (D) there 4. 空所補充問題 The economies of several of the most advanced industrial nations are ----- longer based primarily on heavy manufacturing. (A) not (B) nor (C) none (D) no 5. 空所補充問題 There are five regular polyhedrons, ----- solid figures with four or more identical surfaces called faces. (A) that are (B) those are (C) they are (D) which are 6. 正誤問題 The quality and (A)expressiveness of Winston Churchill's paintings inspired some critics (B)to regret that (C)their painting had to be interrupted by his career (D)as a statesman. 7. 正誤問題 Some wild pigs may travel (A)hundred of kilometers (B)through (C)forested mountain terrain in (D)search of suitable sources of food and water. 8. 正誤問題 New Delhi, (A)a national capital of India, is made (B)up of part of the city (C)and union (D)territory of Delhi. 9. 正誤問題 Relatively (A)small is known about the hearing of large mammals (B)simply because laboratory experiments (C)on animal sound reception are (D)easier to conduct with small animals. 10. 正誤問題 Astronomers are (A)intensely interested in globular clusters, large (B)groups of old stars that are (C)closely packed in a symmetrical, somewhat (D)spherically form. I-2 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題解答 (1) TOEIC 1． Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 She had the _______ to lock all the windows, as well as the doors, before leaving on her holiday. (A) hindsight (B) foresight (C) heedlessness (D) oversight 訳：彼女は用心深いことに、休暇で家をあける前にドアにも窓にもすべてかぎをかけた。 ※正解(B)。【着眼点】彼女が持ちあわせていたものが空所で、その具体的中身が to 以下。「〜するような、そんな __ 」ということ。休暇で家をあけるに先立って、ドアにも窓にもすべてかぎをしていくような人には何が備わっていると言えるか。foresight は foresee（前もって見越す；先見する）からきている（ → sight は see の名詞形）。先々のことを考えるところから foresight は「先見、見通し」の他に「将来への備え、用心深いこと」の意味にもなる。 2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 After a lengthy discussion we reached a _______ decision on the proposal. (A) unaired (B) unamiable (C) unanimous (D) infamous 訳：長い議論の後、我々はその提案に関する満場一致の決定を下した。 ※正解(C)。【着眼点】長い (lengthy) 議論の末に達した (reached) 決定［結論］ (decision) は、どのようなものであったか。unanimous の un- は uni- の変化形で「1つ」の意（ → uniform → 1つの形 → 「一様の」「制服」）。anim は「心」の意で -ous は形容詞語尾。したがって unanimous は「1つの心の」、つまり「全員異議のない、満場一致の」の意となる。（cf. magnanimous → 大きな（magn-）心の → 「度量の大きい、寛大な」） 3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 I'm sorry to _______ your meeting, but there's an emergency call for you on line two. (A) erupt (B) abrupt (C) disrupt (D) bankrupt 訳：会議中恐縮ですが、緊急のお電話が2番に入っております。 ※正解(C)。【着眼点】I'm sorry to ... と断りを入れている。できればしたくない事をせざるを得ない人の言葉で、それを行う対象は your meeting である。disrupt の dis- は元々はラテン語の duo （＝two） から来たもので、「2つに分かれて」の意であったが、そこから分離・除去・剥奪・反対・否定などの意へと拡大していった。rupt は break の意。したがって disrupt は → 「破って分け離す」 → 「引き裂く；（会議などの正常な進行）を妨げる」。 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 If you have the answers before the meeting tomorrow, we'll be able to have a discussion and _______ a step forward. (A) give (B) talk (C) walk (D) take 訳：明日の会議前に解答が出れば、私たちは話し合って、もう少し処置を講じられるだろう。 ※正解(D)。【着眼点】stepは「（成功などへの）1歩, 進歩；（前進などのための）手段, 処置」の意味をもつ。ここではa stepの連結する動詞を探す。take a stepで「踏み出す、一歩踏み込む」。広くはtake stepsは「手段を講じる、手を打つ」の形で用いられる。連結する形容詞はimportant, decisive, bold, drastic, false, dangerousなど。 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The tables are set a good distance apart so it is possible to _______ an intimate conversation. (A) get (B) have (C) take (D) go 訳：テーブルは適当な距離に配置されていて、親密な会話を楽しむことができる。 ※正解(B)。【着眼点】an intimate conversation「親密な会話」と結びつく動詞を探す。have [carry on, hold] a conversation with 〜で「〜と会話をする」の意味。 open [start] a conversation with 〜で「〜と会話を始める」の意味。「会話を止める」はbreak off a conversationと言う。 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Mr. White _______ the best out of his salesmen with an incentive plan that offers very generous rewards. (A) gives (B) owns (C) gets (D) pays 訳：ホワイトさんは、かなり割のいい報奨金を出す刺激策で、販売員に最善を尽くさせた。 ※正解(C)。【着眼点】the best out of 〜と結びつく動詞は何か。慣用表現の問題ということになるが、答えは(C)のgetsを選ぶ。get the best out of 〜で「〜の最高の状態を引き出す」という意味になる。an incentive planは「刺激策」。 【選択肢】make the best of 〜「〜を最大限に利用する」はよく使われる。 7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 No matter _______ long it takes to finish the annual report, it must be done. (A) though (B) how (C) however (D) what 訳：どんなに長くかかっても、年次報告書を仕上げなければならない。 ※正解(B)。【着眼点】「No matter how+形容詞[副詞] 〜」（たとえどんなに〜でも）という譲歩の副詞節を作る。なお、これはNo matterを取って、 「However +形容詞[副詞] 〜」とも言い換えることできるが、この両者の形を混同しないように注意したい。 【選択肢】後ろにlongがあるので(D)のwhatを持ってくることは不可。 (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 The kukui tree of Hawaii derives its nickname, candlenut, ----- its fruit contains an oil that can be burned to generate light. (A) from the fact that (B) that from the fact (C) from that fact (D) the fact that from ※正解(A)。【解説】 derive 〜 from... で「〜は……に由来する」の意味になる。正解は(A)か(C)かだが、from that factでは次の文と繋がらない。 2. 空所補充問題 Not until Richard Wagner completed his Ring cycle of operas -----. (A) a composer had created musical drama on such a grand scale (B) had a composer created musical drama on such a grand scale (C) had created a composer musical drama on such a grand scale (D) a composer created musical drama on such a grand scale ※正解(B)。【解説】 否定語句Not untilが文頭に来ていることに注目。当然、この文では倒置が行われることになる。正解は(B)。本来の語順はa composer had created... だが、had a composer created... と倒置されている。 3. 空所補充問題 In cases ----- the regular prosecutor may have a conflict of interest, an official known as independent council can be appointed to carry out the investigation or prosecution. (A) which (B) where (C) that (D) there ※正解(B)。【解説】 casesは場合、状況を表しているので、whichやthatでは文が繋がらない。thereは問題外である。正解はin whichの働きをしている関係副詞のwhereである。conflict「衝突、対立」。 4. 空所補充問題 The economies of several of the most advanced industrial nations are ----- longer based primarily on heavy manufacturing. (A) not (B) nor (C) none (D) no ※正解(D)。【解説】 空所の後にlongerがあるので、すぐに答えが分かったのではないか。no longer... で「もはや……でない」の意味になる。 5. 空所補充問題 There are five regular polyhedrons, ----- solid figures with four or more identical surfaces called faces. (A) that are (B) those are (C) they are (D) which are ※正解(D)。【解説】 those are、they areを空所に入れるとBe動詞が重複してしまう。関係代名詞thatの前にカンマを使うことはできないので、(D) which areが正解。polyhedron「多面体」。 6. 正誤問題 The quality and (A)expressiveness of Winston Churchill's paintings inspired some critics (B)to regret that (C)their painting had to be interrupted by his career (D)as a statesman. ※正解(C)。【解説】 their → his。expressivenessは「表現力豊かなこと」という意味の名詞。inspire+人+to〜に問題はない。theirはWinston Churchillのことを指しているのでhisにしなくてはいけない。as「……として」は前置詞。 7. 正誤問題 Some wild pigs may travel (A)hundred of kilometers (B)through (C)forested mountain terrain in (D)search of suitable sources of food and water. ※正解(A)。【解説】 hundred → hundreds。「何百の、多くの」という意味を表すにはhundredsと複数形にする。前置詞 through、forested「森林におおわれた」、in search of... 「……を求めて」の用法に問題はない。 8. 正誤問題 New Delhi, (A)a national capital of India, is made (B)up of part of the city (C)and union (D)territory of Delhi. ※正解(A)。【解説】 a → the。New Delhiはインドの首都であるので、national capitalの前の冠詞はaではなくtheになる。 9. 正誤問題 Relatively (A)small is known about the hearing of large mammals (B)simply because laboratory experiments (C)on animal sound reception are (D)easier to conduct with small animals. ※正解(A)。【解説】 small → little。「……についてはほとんど知られていない」という意味を表すにはsmallをlittleにしなくてはいけない。simply because... 「単に……という理由である」、前置詞on、比較級easierの用法に問題はない。 10. 正誤問題 Astronomers are (A)intensely interested in globular clusters, large (B)groups of old stars that are (C)closely packed in a symmetrical, somewhat (D)spherically form. ※正解(D)。【解説】 spherically → spherical。interestedを修飾する副詞intensely、複数形groups、packedを修飾する副詞closelyの用法に問題はない。名詞formの前では副詞sphericallyは形容詞sphericalにする。globular「球状の」。 II.時事英文 Helen Keller (その7；全12回シリーズ) Two weeks later, she had become a gentle child. She was ready to learn. My job now was pleasant. Helen learned quickly. Now I could lead and shape her intelligence. We spent all day together. I formed words in her hand, the names of everything we touched. But she had no idea what the words meant. As time passed, she learned how to sew clothes and make things. Every day we visited the farm animals and searched for eggs in the chicken houses. All the time, I was busy forming letters and words in her hand with my fingers. Then one day, about a month after I arrived, we were walking outside. Something important happened. III-a. 雑知識
III-b. 英語でどう言う？ いびきをかく snore 【例文】My husband was snoring loudly last night. 夢を見る have a dream 【例文】I had a dream about passing the entrance examination. 起こされる be woken 【例文】Hideki was woken by a telephone call from his drunken friend at midnight. 目がさえる become wide awake 【例文】When I read a detective story in bed, I become wide awake and can't fall asleep easily. III-c Phrases in the News 支持率 approval rating ※The new Hatoyama Cabinet was off to a good start with the second highest approval rating for an incoming government at around 75 percent. ※鳩山新内閣は、新政権として史上2番目に高い75パーセントの支持率を受けて順調に船出した。 IV. Jokes a. In our storeroom, you use a stepladder to get items from the top shelf. But it's always in the way and after banging shin on it once too often, I asked the staff to keep it somewhere safe. Next day, I found the ladder neatly folded and placed where it couldn't hurt anyone: on the top shelf. b. Randy Pausch is a renowned American computer-science professor, but that didn't really carry a lot of weight with his mother. After he got his PhD, she introduced him to friends by saying, "This is my son. He's a doctor, but not the kind who helps people." c. Jeff's blind date with Suzanne was bad from the start - in short, they loathed each other. Fortunately, Jeff had asked his friend to call him so he'd have an excuse to leave if the date wasn't going well. When his friend called, Jeff pretended to be in shock. "I have to leave," Jeff said to Suzanne. "My aunt just died." "Thank God," Suzanne replied. "If yours hadn't, mine would have had to." d. A man returns home to be greeted by his wife dressed in a sexy short nightie. "Tie me up," she purrs. "Then you can do anything you want." "Great," he says. He binds her tightly to the bed then goes out to play golf. |