|
資料No. ： NS100113
I-1 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題 (1) TOEIC １. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 My wife and I won't _______ forget that day. (A) ever (B) never (C) hardly (D) no more 2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 I don't suppose he's serious, _______? (A) do I (B) is he (C) has he (D) isn't he 3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The sales manager seldom ever visits our branch, _______? (A) did he (B) does he (C) isn't it (D) doesn't it 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 _______ they can meet the deadline or not is the question. (A) If (B) When (C) That (D) Whether 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 I have _______ many CDs as Henry. (A) three times so (B) three time as (C) as three times (D) three times as 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The estimate we agreed upon was _______ of the two. (A) a lower (B) the lower (C) the lowest (D) the most lowest 7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 When it comes to the atmosphere, this restaurant is not _______ as the one we went to last week. (A) as good (B) so better (C) more better (D) such the best (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 Alexander Graham Bell, the Scottish-born inventor and educator ----- known for his invention of the telephone, was only 29 years old when he received his patent for that invention. (A) main (B) most (C) primary (D) best 2. 空所補充問題 Cells reproduce by dividing ----- to generate a larger number of daughter cells through the processes of meiosis and mitosis. (A) themselves (B) itself (C) herself (D) himself 3. 空所補充問題 In Greek mythology, the minotaur was a monster ----- half bull and half man. (A) who was (B) who (C) was (D) was he 4. 空所補充問題 ----- October 5, 1960, South Africa voted to end its allegiance to the British Crown and become an independent republic. (A) To (B) For (C) Of (D) On 5. 空所補充問題 News agencies are organizations that gather, write and ----- news to newspapers, periodicals, radio and television broadcasters rather than directly to the reading public. (A) distribute (B) distributing (C) to distribute (D) distribution 6. 正誤問題 (A)In spite of (B)their reputations as mysterious, (C)filth and even demonic creatures, bats are actually harmless, clean and - (D)some believe -- cute animals. 7. 正誤問題 River deltas (A)can be very successful agricultural areas (B)unless they are usually the areas (C)where fertile sediments transported downstream (D)are deposited. 8. 正誤問題 The global economy grew (A)by less than 3 (B)percents in 1986 (C)despite lower interest rates (D)and sinking oil prices. 9. 正誤問題 The national flag of Angola (A)includes a half of a cogwheel (B)as a (C)symbol of industry, a machete symbol agriculture, and the five-pointed star of (D)socialism. 10. 正誤問題 Dwight Whitney Morrow was (A)a New York lawyer (B)who joined the banking firm (C)of J. P. Morgan and Company in 1914, of whose daughter (D)married the famous aviator Charles A. Lindbergh. I-2 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題解答 (1) TOEIC １. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 My wife and I won't _______ forget that day. (A) ever (B) never (C) hardly (D) no more 訳：私たち夫婦はあの日のことを決して忘れないでしょう。 ※正解(A)。【着眼点】won't とすでに否定語があるから、二重否定をつくる (B) 〜 (D) はすべて不可。「not ＋ ever」で never の意。二重否定は徹底攻略。 2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 I don't suppose he's serious, _______? (A) do I (B) is he (C) has he (D) isn't he 訳：彼は本気じゃありませんよね。 ※正解(B)。【着眼点】I（don't）suppose [think, believe, guess, etc.] (that) ... の構文では、付加疑問は主節のI（don't）thinkからではなくthat節のほうからつくられる。また、この構文では、I don't suppose (that) ... のように形式上は主節が否定されているが、実質上のnotの作用はthat節が受けるものと見なされる。したがって、I don't suppose he's serious. から付加疑問をつくる際は、I suppose he isn't serious. からつくるのと同じ要領で考えることになる。なお、以上述べたことは、主節の主語がIでsupposeなどの動詞が単純現在時制のときにのみ当てはまる。 3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The sales manager seldom ever visits our branch, _______? (A) did he (B) does he (C) isn't it (D) doesn't it 訳：販売部長がうちの支店に顔を出すことはまずないよね。 ※正解(B)。【着眼点】先行節の主語は単数名詞で人 (sales manager) だから、付加疑問の部分にはheまたはsheが現れていないといけない。また、先行節の述語動詞は助動詞を含まない単純現在時制の一般動詞 (visits) であり、付加疑問の時制は先行節の時制に合わせるから、ここではdoesを用いることになる。seldomは生ずる位置によっては否定の力が弱まり、否定の付加疑問をとることもあるが、問題文のように動詞の前にきた場合は肯定の付加疑問が続いてさしつかえない。 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 _______ they can meet the deadline or not is the question. (A) If (B) When (C) That (D) Whether 訳：彼らが締め切りに間に合わせられるかどうかが問題だ。 ※正解(D)。【着眼点】ＳＶ or notの節と結びついて全体として主語節を形成できるのは (D) のWhetherのみ。ifは主語節は導けない。 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 I have _______ many CDs as Henry. (A) three times so (B) three time as (C) as three times (D) three times as 訳：私はヘンリーの3倍多くのCDを持っている。 ※正解(D)。【着眼点】原級を用いた倍数表現ではas ... asの最初のasの直前にtwice, three [four, five, etc.] timesなどの倍数詞が置かれる。したがって正解は (D)。 【選択肢】 (A) はsoが不可だが、これは倍数表現に限らないので注意（ → He is as [×so] tall as I.）。肯定文で用いられたas ... asをso ... asに代えた出題は誤文訂正問題でも頻出。(B) はtimeが単数形なので不可。(C) は語順が不可。 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The estimate we agreed upon was _______ of the two. (A) a lower (B) the lower (C) the lowest (D) the most lowest 訳：2つの提示額のうち、話がまとまったのは安いほうの見積りだった。 ※正解(B)。【着眼点】空所の後のof the twoに注目。2者間の比較で「より〜なほう」という文脈であるから (C) や (D) は不可だが、(D) のほうは最上級のlowestにmostがついていることからしても問題外。なお、(D) のような組み合わせは誤文訂正問題ではよく出されている。(A) は冠詞のaが問題。「2つのうちのより〜なほう」のように指し示す対象が1つに定まる文脈ではtheを用いる。 7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 When it comes to the atmosphere, this restaurant is not _______ as the one we went to last week. (A) as good (B) so better (C) more better (D) such the best 訳：雰囲気ということで言えば、このレストランは先週行ったレストランほどは良くない。 ※正解(A)。【着眼点】比較の対象がas the oneとasで導入されているから原級比較であり、(A) を選ぶことになる。oneはここではrestaurantをくり返す代わりに用いられた代用表現。when it comes to 〜 は「〜に関して言えば、〜という点になると」の意の慣用表現。 (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 Alexander Graham Bell, the Scottish-born inventor and educator ----- known for his invention of the telephone, was only 29 years old when he received his patent for that invention. (A) main (B) most (C) primary (D) best ※正解(D)。【解説】 過去分詞knownの前に形容詞main、primaryが来るはずがない。most knownでもよさそうだが、best known for... で「……でもっともよく知られている」の意味になる。patent「特許」。 2. 空所補充問題 Cells reproduce by dividing ----- to generate a larger number of daughter cells through the processes of meiosis and mitosis. (A) themselves (B) itself (C) herself (D) himself ※正解(A)。【解説】 この文の主語はCells「細胞」なので、herselfとhimselfが使えないのはすぐにわかるだろう。Cellsと複数形になっているので、空所にはitselfではなくthemselvesが入る。reproduce oneself「繁殖する」、meiosis「減数分裂」、mitosis「有糸分裂」。 3. 空所補充問題 In Greek mythology, the minotaur was a monster ----- half bull and half man. (A) who was (B) who (C) was (D) was he ※正解(A)。【解説】 was、was heではbe動詞がダブることになる。whoのままでは空所以降の文の動詞がないことになる。したがって、正解は(A)。mythology「神話」、minotaur「ミノタウロス（牛頭人身の怪物）」。 4. 空所補充問題 ----- October 5, 1960, South Africa voted to end its allegiance to the British Crown and become an independent republic. (A) To (B) For (C) Of (D) On ※正解(D)。【解説】 空所の後にはOctober 5, 1960と特定の日が続いているので前置詞onを空所に入れればいい。allegiance「忠誠」。 5. 空所補充問題 News agencies are organizations that gather, write and ----- news to newspapers, periodicals, radio and television broadcasters rather than directly to the reading public. (A) distribute (B) distributing (C) to distribute (D) distribution ※正解(A)。【解説】 前にある動詞gather、writeに合わせてdistributeを空所に入れればいい。periodical「定期刊行物」。 6. 正誤問題 (A)In spite of (B)their reputations as mysterious, (C)filth and even demonic creatures, bats are actually harmless, clean and - (D)some believe -- cute animals. ※正解(C)。【解説】 filth → filthy。In spite of... で「……にもかかわらず」の意味。theirはbatsのことを指している。filth「不潔」は名詞。mysterious、demonicに合わせてfilthyと形容詞形にしなくてはいけない。some believeは「……だと思っている人もいる」の意味を表す挿入節。 7. 正誤問題 River deltas (A)can be very successful agricultural areas (B)unless they are usually the areas (C)where fertile sediments transported downstream (D)are deposited. ※正解(B)。【解説】 unless → because。unlessに注目。このままでは意味が通らない。川の三角州（river delta）がvery successful agricultural areasになりうる理由がunless以下に書かれているので、unlessの代わりにbecauseを使う。 8. 正誤問題 The global economy grew (A)by less than 3 (B)percents in 1986 (C)despite lower interest rates (D)and sinking oil prices. ※正解(B)。【解説】 percents → percent。前置詞by、despite「……にもかかわらず」、接続詞andの用法に問題はない。パーセントを表す場合にはpercentのあとにsを付ける必要はない。 9. 正誤問題 The national flag of Angola (A)includes a half of a cogwheel (B)as a (C)symbol of industry, a machete symbol agriculture, and the five-pointed star of (D)socialism. ※正解(C)。【解説】 symbol → symbolizing 。includes「……を含む（３人称単数）」、as「……として」に問題はない。symbolのままでは次の語句と繋がらないので、symbolizing、あるいは、 to symbolizeを用いる。socialism「社会主義」、cogwheel「はめ歯歯車」、machete「なた」。 10. 正誤問題 Dwight Whitney Morrow was (A)a New York lawyer (B)who joined the banking firm (C)of J. P. Morgan and Company in 1914, of whose daughter (D)married the famous aviator Charles A. Lindbergh. ※正解(C)。【解説】 of → and。冠詞a、関係代名詞whoの用法に誤りはない。ofのままでは次のwhose daughterと繋がらない。andを使えば文が成立する。marryは他動詞。 II.時事英文 Helen Keller (その5；全12回シリーズ) "The first night I arrived I gave Helen a doll. As she felt the doll with one hand I slowly formed the letters, d-o-l-l with my fingers in her other hand. Helen looked in wonder and surprise as she felt my hand. Then she formed the letters in my hand just as I had done in hers. She was quick to learn, but she was also quick in anger. For seven years, no one had taught her self-control. Instead of continuing to learn, she picked up the doll and threw it on the floor. She was this way in almost everything she did. Even at the table, while eating, she did exactly as she pleased. She even put her hands in our plates and ate our food. The second morning, I would not let her put her hand on my plate. The family became troubled and left the room. I closed the door and continued to eat. Helen was on the floor, kicking and screaming and trying to pull the chair out from under me. III - a. 雑知識
III -b. 英語でどう言う？ かじる take a bite 【例文】When I took a bite of an apple, my gums bled. 訳：リンゴをひと口かじったら、歯茎から血が出た。 なめるlick 【例文】Maki was licking an ice cream cone while reading a magazine. においをかぐ sniff 【例文】Jack opened the milk and sniffed it to see if it was sour. 飲み込む swallow 【例文】Oh, my! The baby swallowed the 1-yen coin. III-c Phrases in the News 不在者投票 absentee ballot ※Voters who reside overseas or will be out of the country on election day can cast their vote by absentee ballot. ※海外在住者や選挙当日に国外にいる有権者は、不在者投票を行うことができる。 IV. Jokes a. Alice, my sister, had just bought her first pressure cooker and was delighted that dinner would be ready when her husband arrived home from work. Later that day, Dave phoned her before he left the office to say her he was on his way. "Good!" Alice said. "Can you stop and buy a ladder?" "Why?" Dave asked. "Because," Alice said, "your dinner's on the ceiling." b. As I queued to pay at the supermarket, the checkout girl asked the lady in front of me, "Excuse me, what's the name of this item?" "Aubergine," the customer replied. "That's it," said the girl. "It slipped my mind but I knew it started with an O." c. During a noisy family get-together, the phone rang. My grown-up daughter picked up the receiver and started to walk into the hall where it was quiet. Suddenly, there was a crash as the phone fell off the table. "Good grief!" she yelped. "It's got a cord.!" d. Conversation with an airline reservation clerk: Clerk: First name, please? Me: Nancee. Clerk: Last Name? Me: Tegeder. And I'll be taking my infant daughter. Clerk: Her first name? Me: Erica. Clerk: And her last? Me: The same. Clerk: Erica Erica? e. We gave my parents a portable phone as they were becoming hard of hearing and often missed calls. I told Mum to carry it with her during the day and to turn the ringer off and keep it on the charger between their beds at night. One night, they got a late night phone call and Dad jumped out of bed to answer it. He ran into walls and furniture in his haste to reach the phone. When he returned to bed, Mum asked why he didn't just answer the phone beside the bed. "It wasn't ringing!" he replied. f. The remote for our TV broke, so my son went to get a new one at the electronics store. Later, he called. "Mum, I forgot to bring it with me. What's the brand?" I glanced at it. "It's a Volch." "A what?" "V-o-l-c-h," I spelled. "Mum," he sighed, "that's short for Volume and Channel." |