資料No. : NS100106
I-1 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題 (1) TOEIC 1. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 _______ he survived such a terrible accident is a mystery to us. (A) As (B) How (C) Though (D) Therefore 2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 A man in a black coat _______ me of my wallet. (A) attacked (B) stole (C) robbed (D) asked 3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 _______ our opinion, it would be better to ship them by air. (A) In (B) For (C) Of (D) As 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Your prompt _______ to our proposal would be highly appreciated. (A) respond (B) response (C) to respond (D) responded 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Let them _______ as they like. They'll never listen to us. (A) do (B) to do (C) to be doing (D) to have done 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 I was just about to leave home, _______ the phone rang. (A) that (B) why (C) when (D) at that time 7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Your children have passed the age _______ they need to worry about such illnesses. (A) why (B) how (C) when (D) which (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 Runes, the written characters of the earliest alphabet used by the Germanic peoples in Europe, ----- back to the 200's A.D. (A) date (B) dates (C) dating (D) to date 2. 空所補充問題 The 17th-century Irish scientist Robert Boyle is considered by many ----- the founder of modern chemistry. (A) is being (B) is (C) to be (D) being 3. 空所補充問題 ----- ordinary oxygen molecules have two oxygen atoms, ozone molecules have three. (A) While (B) When (C) Which (D) Why 4. 空所補充問題 The International Space Station, was originally planned ----- fully operational in 2004. (A) became (B) to become (C) becomes (D) becoming 5. 空所補充問題 About $145 million ----- spent on oil exploration in Saskatchewan in 1953. (A) to be (B) been (C) were (D) was 6. 正誤問題 Large (A)amounts of electric power (B)is controlled (C)with a device (D)called a magnetic amplifier. 7. 正誤問題 (A)In order to sustain life, (B)an organism must be able to maintain a stable set of conditions inside (C)their own body -- a condition (D)known as homeostasis. 8. 正誤問題 (A)The third (B)larger city in Panama is Colon, (C)with (D)a population of about 60,000. 9. 正誤問題 In 1908, Glenn H. Curtiss (A)made the first official public flight in the United States of (B)over than 1 kilometer, (C)helping to prove (D)that airplanes could be useful. 10. 正誤問題 (A)Substances that share distinctive characteristics (B)with both liquids and crystals are called liquid crystal, and (C)has a number of important practical (D)applications. I-2 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題解答 (1) TOEIC 1. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 _______ he survived such a terrible accident is a mystery to us. (A) As (B) How (C) Though (D) Therefore 訳:あんな大事故に遭いながら彼がどうやって助かったのか不思議だ。 ※正解(B)。【着眼点】he survived such a terrible accidentは、これ自体が文として独立できる構造を備えており、その後には「is(V)+a mystery(C)+to us(副詞句)」という主語を欠く構造が続いている。このことから文頭にはhe ... accidentの節全体を主語として機能できる名詞節にまとめ上げる語が要求されているとわかる。そして、それが可能なのはhowだけである( → how ... = いかにして…したかというその方法)。 2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 A man in a black coat _______ me of my wallet. (A) attacked (B) stole (C) robbed (D) asked 訳:黒いコートを着た男が私の財布を奪いました。 ※正解(C)。「奪う、盗む」という意味の動詞が入るのではないかということは比較的容易に察しがつきます。だからといって、安易に(B)stole を選んではいけません。単語の用法が違うのです。動詞+人+ of +物の形をとる「奪う」でなければなりません。 3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 _______ our opinion, it would be better to ship them by air. (A) In (B) For (C) Of (D) As 訳:私たちの意見では、航空便で発送したほうがよいでしょう。 ※正解(A)。「私の意見では」という表現を、英語でそのまま覚えておくのが最も近道です。opinion に対しての前置詞が何になるのかを理屈で覚えようとしてもなかなか理解しきれるものではありません。 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Your prompt _______ to our proposal would be highly appreciated. (A) respond (B) response (C) to respond (D) responded 訳:当社の提案に早急にお返事願えれば幸いです。 ※正解(B)。ビジネス・レターでよく使用される文です。Your の後ろには名詞があることが予想されますが、prompt の品詞を見極めることがまず大切です。これが「迅速な」の意味の形容詞であることが分かれば、その後ろに名詞がこなければいけないことが明らかになります。 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Let them _______ as they like. They'll never listen to us. (A) do (B) to do (C) to be doing (D) to have done 訳:彼らのしたいようにさせよう。私たちの言うことなんて聞かないだろうから。 ※正解(A)。「…させてあげる」の意味の使役動詞 let は、let +目的語+原形動詞の形をとります。 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 I was just about to leave home, _______ the phone rang. (A) that (B) why (C) when (D) at that time 訳:ちょうど家を出ようとしていたそのときに、電話が鳴った。 ※正解(C)。【着眼点】選択肢のうちで、接続詞機能を有し、かつコンマを介して2つの節を連結できるのは非制限用法をもつ関係副詞のwhenのみである。なお、この場合のwhenは前の節全体を先行詞とする。be about to 〜 は「まさに[今にも]〜しようとしている」の意。 7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Your children have passed the age _______ they need to worry about such illnesses. (A) why (B) how (C) when (D) which 訳:あなたのお子さんたちは、そういった病気を心配する年齢はもう過ぎました。 ※正解(C)。【着眼点】選択肢はすべて関係詞だが、先行詞がthe ageという「時」を表す名詞句であるから (A) と (B) は消える。次に、このthe ageを受けてthey need to worry about such illnessesの節にどう結びつけていくかだが、the ageという名詞句のままではどこにも差し込む適当な場所はない。したがって、名詞句だけの代用となる関係代名詞 (which) は不可。whenであれば「その年齢において[その年齢のときに]they need to以下である」が成立するのでうまくつながることになる。 (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 Runes, the written characters of the earliest alphabet used by the Germanic peoples in Europe, ----- back to the 200's A.D. (A) date (B) dates (C) dating (D) to date ※正解(A)。【解説】 空所にはこの文の動詞が入ることになる。主語がRunes「ルーン文字(複数形)」になっているので、(A) dateが正解。date back to... 「……にさかのぼる」。 2. 空所補充問題 The 17th-century Irish scientist Robert Boyle is considered by many ----- the founder of modern chemistry. (A) is being (B) is (C) to be (D) being ※正解(C)。【解説】 動詞is consideredの後に来るのは? to be... である。これで「……だとみなされている」の意味になる。founder「創始者」。 3. 空所補充問題 ----- ordinary oxygen molecules have two oxygen atoms, ozone molecules have three. (A) While (B) When (C) Which (D) Why ※正解(A)。【解説】 カンマを挟んで2つ並んでいるのでWhichとWhyを空所に入れると前後の文が繋がらない。Whenでは意味が通らない。While「……する一方で」を使えばいい。molecule「分子」。 4. 空所補充問題 The International Space Station, was originally planned ----- fully operational in 2004. (A) became (B) to become (C) becomes (D) becoming ※正解(B)。【解説】 was originally planned... 受け身の後に不定詞to becomeを続ければ「もともと……する計画になっていた」の意味になる。operational「使用できる、機能を果たす」。 5. 空所補充問題 About $145 million ----- spent on oil exploration in Saskatchewan in 1953. (A) to be (B) been (C) were (D) was ※正解(D)。【解説】 to be、beenが使えないのはすぐにわかる。About $145 millionは単数扱いなので正解は(D) wasになる。exploration「調査、探査」。 6. 正誤問題 Large (A)amounts of electric power (B)is controlled (C)with a device (D)called a magnetic amplifier. ※正解(B)。【解説】 is → are。Largeの前に冠詞がないのでamountsは複数形のままでいい。それに呼応してisはareになる。前置詞withに問題はない。calledの前にはthat/which isが略されている。 7. 正誤問題 (A)In order to sustain life, (B)an organism must be able to maintain a stable set of conditions inside (C)their own body -- a condition (D)known as homeostasis. ※正解(C)。【解説】 their → its。目的を表すIn order to... に問題はない。organism「有機体、生物」は加算名詞。theirはorganismを指すのでitsにしなくてはいけない。known as... 「……として知られている」。homeostasis「定常性」。 8. 正誤問題 (A)The third (B)larger city in Panama is Colon, (C)with (D)a population of about 60,000. ※正解(B)。【解説】 larger → largest。「3番目に大きい」はThe third largest... と最上級を用いる。 9. 正誤問題 In 1908, Glenn H. Curtiss (A)made the first official public flight in the United States of (B)over than 1 kilometer, (C)helping to prove (D)that airplanes could be useful. ※正解(B)。【解説】 over than → more than。動詞made、分詞helping、接続詞thatの用法に問題はない。「……以上」はover thanではなくmore thanである。 10. 正誤問題 (A)Substances that share distinctive characteristics (B)with both liquids and crystals are called liquid crystal, and (C)has a number of important practical (D)applications. ※正解(C)。【解説】 has → have。substance「物質」、application「応用」は共に加算名詞。前置詞withに問題はない。hasはSubstancesに呼応してhaveになる。 II.時事英文 Helen Keller (その3;全12回シリーズ) Helen Keller (その4;全12回シリーズ) Anne Sullivan began by teaching Helen that everything had a name. The secret to the names was the letters that formed them. The job was long and difficult. Helen had to learn how to use her hands and fingers to speak for her. But she was not yet ready to learn. First, she had to be taught how to obey, and how to control her anger. Miss Sullivan was quick to understand this. She wrote to friends in Boston about her experiences teaching Helen. III - a. 雑知識
III -b. 英語でどう言う? 走り幅跳びで〜メートル跳ぶ long-jump ~ meters 【例文】Masao long-jumped 6.3 meters at the track-and-field meet. 鉄棒の演技をする perform on the horizontal bar 【例文】Kenji performed excellently on the horizontal bar. ハードルを跳び越える clear a hurdle 【例文】Yoko easily cleared every hurdle and crossed the finish line first. 砲丸投げをする throw the shot put 【例文】I threw the shot put farther than any other athlete. III-c Phrases in the News 皆既日食 total solar eclips ※Cloud cover ruined many people's opportunity to observe the first total eclipse of the sun over Japan in 46 years Wednesday, although amateur stargazers and others in mainly southern parts of the country got to glimpse the spectacle. ※日本では46年ぶりの皆既日食だったが、水曜日は雲が多く、多くの人が観測できなかった。主に南日本で、アマチュア愛好家らがこの天体ショーを垣間見ただけであった。 IV. Jokes a. If Dracula can't see his reflection in the mirror, how come his hair is always so neatly combed? b. Amid the flurry of activity one evening, a quick dinner of chicken wings and french fried started smoking in the oven. As I retrieved the meal, the fire alarm went off. My husband was waving a towel near the alarm to stop the annoying noise, when the phone rang. My son, Darren, answered it and promptly explained, "No, they can't come to the phone right now. My mum's cooking so my dad's working fire alarm." c. My son, Kyle, decided to put what he learned in kindergarten into practice. Seeing some food he didn't like, he pushed his plate towards his older brother. "Want to share?" he asked. d. Natalie, our seven-year-old granddaughter, came to visit us on the farm. There's an old cemetery on the edge of our property, so one evening, we went there to cut the grass and clean up the area. As Natalie was looking at the headstones, I explained to her that many of our relatives were buried there. On one of the headstones were the names of her great-great-grandparents. "You mean," she asked, "they still live together under the ground?" |