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資料No. ： NS091223
I-1 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題 (1) TOEIC 1. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The real estate agent has three apartments to show you _______ is very near your workplace. (A)one of them (B)one of which (C)none of whom (D)some of which 2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 One of my colleagues is moving to the house _______ is opposite ours. (A) who (B) whom (C) which (D) where 3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Many of the problems _______ we will face in the next century will be environmental ones. (A) that (B) whom (C) on which (D) that are 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 I doubt that anyone would _______ to work in such a stressful environment. (A) admit (B) choose (C) consider (D) appreciate 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 I think you'll _______ here. (A) enjoy working (B) enjoy to work (C) be enjoyed work (D) enjoy quite working 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 In the modern world, people are still often imprisoned merely for _______ their opinions. (A) speak (B) spoken (C) speaking (D) to speak 7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 It suddenly began to rain, causing all the people in the park _______ for cover. (A) run (B) ran (C) to run (D) was running (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 In 1916, William Edward Boeing helped ----- the Pacific Aero Products Company, which is now called the Boeing Company. (A) found (B) founded (C) founding (D) founds 2. 空所補充問題 Ancient Ethiopian soldiers, who protected their heads with the skulls of horses, complete with mane and ears, ----- the first people ever to use helmets. (A) they may be (B) may have been (C) maybe they were (D) may have 3. 空所補充問題 The most important German port serving the Baltic Sea is ----- Lubeck. (A) told (B) said (C) called (D) declared 4. 空所補充問題 Falling water is a country house designed by Frank Lloyd Wright ----- in with its surroundings, a waterfall in a wooded mountainside of Pennsylvania. (A) blend (B) blending (C) to blend (D) blends 5. 空所補充問題 Corrosion is the destruction of any material caused by the chemical action of a gas or liquid, while rust refers ----- to corrosion that occurs when iron is oxidized. (A) specific (B) specificity (C) specified (D) specifically 6. 正誤問題 The typical recording studio consists (A)of an acoustically sealed gallery (B)which the musicians play, and a control room (C)where the sound engineers record (D)and edit the music. 7. 正誤問題 In addition to (A)provide irrigation to farms in a number of states, the Colorado River also (B)supplies electricity for Arizona, California and Nevada from (C)a massive hydroelectric power plant (D)at the Hoover Dam near Las Vegas. 8. 正誤問題 Wilfred Owen (A)was a British poet and soldier in World War I (B)whose work (C)powerfully evoked the agony and (D)brutal of war. 9. 正誤問題 The famous cable cars of San Francisco are (A)so named because instead (B)of being individually motorized, (C)are pulled along their rails (D)by a moving cable under the street. 10. 正誤問題 Measles, (A)a disease (B)causes a pink rash (C)all over the body, is now readily (D)preventable. I-2 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題解答 (1) TOEIC 1. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The real estate agent has three apartments to show you _______ is very near your workplace. (A)one of them (B)one of which (C)none of whom (D)some of which 訳：その不動産屋にはあなたに見せるアパートの物件が3つあるが、そのうちの1つはあなたの職場にとても近い。 ※正解(B)。【着眼点】whichやwhomがofを介して数［量］詞と結びつく'one [some, any, none, all, both, several, enough, many, few, etc.] of which [whom]'の形は非制限用法なので、コンマのない (C) , (D) は不可。加えて (C) は先行詞 (three apartments) が人でない点、(D) は関係詞節内の動詞が単数 (is) である点でも不可。コンマだけで節を結ぶ (A) も不可。 2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 One of my colleagues is moving to the house _______ is opposite ours. (A) who (B) whom (C) which (D) where 訳：同僚の1人が我が家の向かいの家に引越してきます。 ※正解(C)。【着眼点】the houseを先行詞にとり、空所の後のisに対する主語として機能できるものを選ぶ。 【選択肢】(D) は関係副詞で主語になれない。 3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Many of the problems _______ we will face in the next century will be environmental ones. (A) that (B) whom (C) on which (D) that are 訳：来世紀に我々が直面する問題は、多くが環境問題となるであろう。 ※正解(A)。【着眼点】述語動詞が2つ（will face, will be）ある（ → faceは法助動詞willがあるから当然動詞）。そこで前者は文中に埋め込まれた関係詞節に属し、後者はその関係詞節を包み込む主節に属すると考えてみる。そして関係詞節を導く関係代名詞を選択肢から選ぶわけだが、空所の左に人はないから (B) は不可。残りについては関係詞節（＝空所からwill beの前まで）の内部構造が判断の決め手。we will face in the next centuryにproblemsをどう組み込むか。faceには主語 (we) はあるが目的語がない。したがってface the problems（= that）がはまる。face on the problems（= on which）のface on 〜 は「場所的に〜に面している」の意で用いないとおかしい。(D) は問題外。 are ---> is 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 I doubt that anyone would _______ to work in such a stressful environment. (A) admit (B) choose (C) consider (D) appreciate 訳：そのようなストレスの多い環境ではだれも働きたがらないだろう。 ※正解(B)。【着眼点】空所の後にto不定詞 (to work) が続いている点に注目。to不定詞を目的語にとれるのは (B) のchooseのみ。choose to 〜は「〜することに決める；〜したいと思う」の意。なお、chooseの場合、目的語に動名詞をとる形も不可能ではないが、まれなので「choose＋to不定詞」として覚えておくほうが無難。doubt that ... は「…でないと思う」の意でthat節の内容に対する否定的判断が含意される。したがってanyoneにおけるany- の使用に問題はない。such a 〜にも注意。 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 I think you'll _______ here. (A) enjoy working (B) enjoy to work (C) be enjoyed work (D) enjoy quite working 訳：ここで働くのは楽しいと思いますよ。 ※正解(A)。【着眼点】enjoyは目的語に動名詞 (working) はとるがto不定詞 (to work) はとらない。 【選択肢】enjoyを副詞のquiteで強調すること自体は可能だが、ただしこれには条件があって、enjoyが未来時制で用いられた場合は不自然とされる。また、enjoyを修飾するquiteは通例enjoyの前に置かれる点にも注意（I quite enjoyed it.）。したがって (D) はだめ。 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 In the modern world, people are still often imprisoned merely for _______ their opinions. (A) speak (B) spoken (C) speaking (D) to speak 訳：現代の世界にあってもまだ、自らの思うところを口にしたというそれだけのことで投獄されるケースが多々ある。 ※正解(C)。【着眼点】空所の前が前置詞 (for) である点に注意。前置詞の目的語になれるのは動名詞 (speaking) のほうであり、to不定詞 (to speak) は不可。be imprisoned for 〜は「〜のかどで投獄される」の意。 7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 It suddenly began to rain, causing all the people in the park _______ for cover. (A) run (B) ran (C) to run (D) was running 訳：突然雨が降ってきたものだから、公園にいた人たちはみんな大急ぎで雨宿りできる場所をさがした。 ※正解(C)。【着眼点】「cause＋Ｏ」の後はto不定詞。「Ｓ＋cause＋Ｏ＋to 〜」は「Ｓが原因となって結果的にＯがto以下することになる」の意で、makeやhaveと違って偶発性・無意図性が含意される。 【文構造】「結果」を表す分詞構文で、｢突然の雨で、それが原因でcause以下だった」と頭から訳し下ろしていける。causingの意味上の主語はIt ... rainで述べられた出来事全体。このような構文にも慣れておきたい（→類例：At times the moon comes between the earth and the sun, causing an eclipse [=日食].）。 【選択肢】(B)や (D)だと「cause＋ (that)節」で変。 (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 In 1916, William Edward Boeing helped ----- the Pacific Aero Products Company, which is now called the Boeing Company. (A) found (B) founded (C) founding (D) founds ※正解(A)。【解説】 helpの後に動詞を続ける場合には不定詞toが略される傾向があるので、正解は(A)ということになる。found「創設する」。 2. 空所補充問題 Ancient Ethiopian soldiers, who protected their heads with the skulls of horses, complete with mane and ears, ----- the first people ever to use helmets. (A) they may be (B) may have been (C) maybe they were (D) may have ※正解(B)。【解説】 空所にはこの文の動詞が入ることになるので、theyを含む(A)と(C)は除外できる。この文は過去の出来事に関する記述なので正解は(B) may have beenである。skull「頭蓋骨」、mane「（馬などの）たてがみ」。 3. 空所補充問題 The most important German port serving the Baltic Sea is ----- Lubeck. (A) told (B) said (C) called (D) declared ※正解(C)。【解説】 空所には「(Lubeck)と呼ばれている」という意味の動詞が入る。正解は(C)。declare「宣言する」。 4. 空所補充問題 Falling water is a country house designed by Frank Lloyd Wright ----- in with its surroundings, a waterfall in a wooded mountainside of Pennsylvania. (A) blend (B) blending (C) to blend (D) blends ※正解(C)。【解説】 a country house (which was) designed by Frank Lloyd Wright to blend in with... という構文にすれば文が成立する。blend in with... 「……と調和する」。 5. 空所補充問題 Corrosion is the destruction of any material caused by the chemical action of a gas or liquid, while rust refers ----- to corrosion that occurs when iron is oxidized. (A) specific (B) specificity (C) specified (D) specifically ※正解(D)。【解説】 空所にはto以下の前置詞句を修飾する副詞が入ることになる。refers specifically to... で「特に……に関連する、当てはまる」という意味になる。corrosion「腐食」、rust「さび」、oxidize「酸化させる」。 6. 正誤問題 The typical recording studio consists (A)of an acoustically sealed gallery (B)which the musicians play, and a control room (C)where the sound engineers record (D)and edit the music. ※正解(B)。【解説】 which → in which。consist of... で「……から成る」の意味。whichはin whichにしなければ前後の文が繋がらない。関係副詞where、接続詞andの用法に問題はない。 7. 正誤問題 In addition to (A)provide irrigation to farms in a number of states, the Colorado River also (B)supplies electricity for Arizona, California and Nevada from (C)a massive hydroelectric power plant (D)at the Hoover Dam near Las Vegas. ※正解(A)。【解説】 provide → providing。in addition toのtoは前置詞である。したがって、provideは動名詞providingにしなくてはいけない。suppliesはこの文の動詞。power plantは可算名詞である。前置詞atに問題はない。hydroelectric「水力発電の」。 8. 正誤問題 Wilfred Owen (A)was a British poet and soldier in World War I (B)whose work (C)powerfully evoked the agony and (D)brutal of war. ※正解(D)。【解説】 brutal → brutality。過去形wasと関係代名詞所有格whoseの用法に問題はない。powerfullyはevoke「呼び起こす」を修飾する副詞。brutalは形容詞なのでagony「苦痛」に合わせて名詞brutality「残忍性、無慈悲」にしなくてはいけない。 9. 正誤問題 The famous cable cars of San Francisco are (A)so named because instead (B)of being individually motorized, (C)are pulled along their rails (D)by a moving cable under the street. ※正解(C)。【解説】 are → they are。so namedで「そのように名付けられている」の意味。instead ofは前置詞なのbeing... に問題はない。areではなくthey areとしなくては文が成立しない。pulled... by 〜は受け身である。 10. 正誤問題 Measles, (A)a disease (B)causes a pink rash (C)all over the body, is now readily (D)preventable. ※正解(B)。【解説】 causes → that/which causes。disease「病気」は可算名詞。causesのままでは後にisがあるので動詞が２つになってしまう。that/which causesと関係代名詞を付け足せばこの問題が解決する。all over the body「体中に」、preventable「予防できる」。 II.時事英文 Helen Keller (その3；全12回シリーズ) When Helen was six, her father learned about a doctor in Baltimore, Maryland. The doctor had successfully treated people who were blind. Helen's parents took her on the train to Baltimore. But the doctor said he could do nothing to help Helen. He suggested the Kellers get a teacher for the blind who could teach Helen to communicate. A teacher arrived from the Perkins Institution for the Blind in Boston. Her name was Anne Sullivan. She herself had once been almost completely blind. But she had regained her sight. At Perkins, she had learned the newest methods of teaching the blind. III - a. 雑知識
III -b. 英語でどう言う？ 蚊に刺される be bitten by a mosquito 【例文】I was bitten by mosquitoes while barbecuing in the backyard. 虫よけスプレーをかける apply insect repellent spray 【例文】At the campsite, don't forget to apply insect repellent spray on your arms and legs. (衣類が)虫に食われる be eaten by moths 【例文】The sweater my girlfriend gave me for a birthday present has been eaten by moths. 虫の鳴き音が聞こえる hear insects chirping 【例文】It was so quiet in the garden at night that I heard various insects chirping. III-c Phrases in the News 集中豪雨、ゲリラ豪雨 torrential rain ※Five workers were swept away in a flash flood during an inspection of a waterway in Naha, Okinawa Prefecture, as they were about to leave the waterway due to rising water levels following torrential rain on Aug. 19. ※8月19日、沖縄県那覇市で水路の調査を行っていた作業員5人が鉄砲水に流された。ゲリラ豪雨の後の水位上昇で水路を離れようとした矢先のことだった。 IV. Jokes a. Scientists have announced they have found a cure for baldness in mice. This is great news. Nothing looks more ridiculous than a mouse with a comb-over. b. A man walks into a bar and six whiskeys. Putting them in a raw, he downs the first glass, then the third and finally, the fifth. "Excuse me," the bartender says as the man turns to leave. "You left three glasses untouched." "I know," the man says. "My doctor says it's OK to have the odd drink." c. The businessman was self-conscious because he had no ears. So when he hired a manager, he asked each candidate, "Do you notice anything unusual about me?" The first replied, "You have no ears." He was shown the door. When the second candidate's response was the same, he was also tossed out. But the third guy had a different answer. "You're wearing contact lenses," he said. "How did you know?" the businessman gasped. "Because people who have no ears have to wear contacts." d. Women are like the police. They can have all the evidence in the world, but they still want the confession. e. Like so many of us who bought home exercise equipment, my purchases remained unused. My folly became painfully apparent when my young daughter was giving her friend a tour of the house. "There's Mummy's exercise equipment," Elyse said. "Nobody's allowed to touch it." And then she paused to show the seriousness of her statement. "Not even Mummy." |