資料No. : NS091209
I-1 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題 (1) TOEIC 1. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Even though _______ was very enthusiastic about the plan, it proved to be a great success. (A) both the bank and the company (B) either the bank and the company (C) neither the bank nor the company (D) not only the bank but the company 2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Some herbs can cause serious side effects, including severe liver damage, _______ taken in the wrong combinations or in the wrong amounts. (A) if (B) though (C) during (D) they are 3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Mr. Brown must have called it a day, _______ I saw him locking his office door. (A) until (B) despite (C) because (D) even although 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 _______ you work all night, you won't finish by the morning. (A) Even (B) Even if (C) Furthermore (D) Nevertheless 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The man you just asked about is sitting near the window _______ the host and his wife. (A) among (B) besides (C) between (D) closely 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 In that area a lot of people carry concealed weapons _______ being attacked by bandits. (A) in case (B) just in case (C) in any case (D) in case of 7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 We regret that _______ the typhoon we were not able to finish the project on time. (A) due for (B) owing from (C) because of (D) because (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 The bright red "flowers" of the poinsettia plant -----, technically speaking, not flowers at all, but groups of specialized leaves called bracts. (A) are (B) is (C) being (D) to be 2. 空所補充問題 Distinguishing ----- ordinary rheumatoid arthritis and dysfunction of the immune system requires extensive medical experience. (A) within (B) between (C) among (D) on 3. 空所補充問題 The most severe physical pains involved with the hunger response in humans ----- stomach cramps, or uncontrollable contractions of the stomach muscles. (A) is (B) to be (C) being (D) are 4. 空所補充問題 Potatoes are not native to Ireland, and corn -----. (A) is either (B) isn't neither (C) is neither (D) isn't either 5. 空所補充問題 Grass can grow ----- soil and climate conditions are sufficiently accommodating. (A) ever (B) whenever (C) every (D) never 6. 正誤問題 (A)While the early 1940s, Nat "King" Cole was (B)considered to be one of the (C)leading jazz pianists of (D)his day. 7. 正誤問題 (A)However electronic computers had been in use (B)since the late 1940s, (C)they were not in widespread household use (D)until the late 1980s. 8. 正誤問題 Rodin's sculpture The Age of Bronze is a cast of a carving (A)so lifelike (B)that the artist was (C)initial accused of (D)having made a cast of a living person. 9. 正誤問題 Calico is (A)a cotton fabric related (B)to chintz and percale (C)that it originated (D)in Calicut, India. 10. 正誤問題 (A)An armistice is a formal truce (B)in which both sides in a war agree to stop fighting for a specific purpose without (C)lying down (D)their arms entirely. I-2 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題解答 (1) TOEIC 1. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Even though _______ was very enthusiastic about the plan, it proved to be a great success. (A) both the bank and the company (B) either the bank and the company (C) neither the bank nor the company (D) not only the bank but the company 訳:銀行も会社もあまりその計画には乗り気でなかったが、結果は大満足のいくものとなった。 ※正解(C)。【着眼点】相関接続詞はまず形、次に文脈がチェックポイント。形の点では (B) が不可( → either A or [×and] B)。(A) のboth A and Bと (D) のnot only A but Bは形は問題ないが意味が文脈に合致しない。「銀行も会社も両方とも大変乗り気だったにもかかわらず (even though)、その計画は大成功だった」は、例えば「銀行や会社が強い関心を示す計画は皆失敗する」といったような特別な前提が与えられていないと変。選択肢中には「銀行も会社もあまり乗り気でなかったが」(C) というのが用意されているのだから、一番ロジカルなものとしてこれを選ぶ。 2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Some herbs can cause serious side effects, including severe liver damage, _______ taken in the wrong combinations or in the wrong amounts. (A) if (B) though (C) during (D) they are 訳:薬草の中には調合の仕方や分量を間違えて飲むと、深刻な肝機能障害を含む重大な副作用を引き起こすものもある。 ※正解(A)。【着眼点】ifなどに導かれる副詞節中では「主語(=主節の主語と同一)+be動詞」が省かれる場合があることを思い出す。問題文の場合はif they (= some herbs) are taken ... のthey areが省かれたもの。 【選択肢】(C) は前置詞で問題外。(D) を選ぶとSome herbs ... damageとthey are ... amountsという2つの節を接続詞を介さずただコンマで結んだ形となってしまう。(B) のthoughはifと同様「主語+be動詞」の省略を許すが、文脈に合致しないのでこちらは意味的基準から不可。 3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Mr. Brown must have called it a day, _______ I saw him locking his office door. (A) until (B) despite (C) because (D) even although 訳:ブラウンさんはきっと仕事を切り上げたんでしょう。事務所のドアにカギをかけているところを見ましたから。 ※正解(C)。 【着眼点】「must+have+過去分詞 (called) 」は過去の事柄に関する現在の推量を表し「〜したに違いない」の意。call it a dayは「(その日の仕事などを)切り上げる」の意。「仕事を切り上げたに違いない」と推量することと「事務所のドアにカギをかけているところを見た」ということの関連性を考えると、後者は前者のように推量することの根拠・理由として述べられていることがわかる。 【選択肢】(B) は前置詞。(D) のevenはalthoughと結びつくこと自体ない。 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 _______ you work all night, you won't finish by the morning. (A) Even (B) Even if (C) Furthermore (D) Nevertheless 訳:たとえ徹夜でやっても、朝までに仕上がることはないだろう。 ※正解(B)。【着眼点】文頭にきて後続する2つの節を文法的・意味的に結合できるのは従位接続詞のifを含む (B) のみ。even if 〜 は「たとえ〜でも」の意。 【選択肢】evenだけが独立して従位接続詞機能を果たすことはない。furthermore(さらにその上に)やnevertheless(それにもかかわらず)は、「前に言われたこと」とのつながりを示すもので、後続する2つの節どうしをこれらによって結ぶことはできない。 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The man you just asked about is sitting near the window _______ the host and his wife. (A) among (B) besides (C) between (D) closely 訳:あなたが今し方お尋ねになった方は、窓の近くでホスト夫妻にはさまれて座っているあの方です。 ※正解(C)。【着眼点】消去法でいくと、amongは3人以上に用いるから (A) は不可。besidesには位置関係の近さを表す用法はないから (B) も不可。closelyは副詞で問題外。ということで正解は (C) となる。英語では、このようにまずnear the windowと大まかなほうを言って、続くbetween the host and his wifeで絞り込む、という形が好まれる (cf. out in the garden)。 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 In that area a lot of people carry concealed weapons _______ being attacked by bandits. (A) in case (B) just in case (C) in any case (D) in case of 訳:その地域では、追いはぎに遭ったときの用心に多くの人が武器を隠し持って歩いている。 ※正解(D)。【着眼点】空所の後の -ing形(動名詞)とうまくつながるものをさがすと、群前置詞の (D) となる。in case of 〜は「〜に備えて、〜の用心のために」ということで、この意の場合は文の後半に位置するのが通例。もう1つ「〜の場合は、〜が起こったら」の意もあるが、その場合は文頭がふつう。 【選択肢】(A) はifの意の群接続詞または「万一に備えて」の意の副詞句。(B) は副詞句としての (A) にjustがついたもの。(C) は「とにかく、いずれにせよ」の意の副詞句。 7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 We regret that _______ the typhoon we were not able to finish the project on time. (A) due for (B) owing from (C) because of (D) because 訳:台風のためにプロジェクトが予定どおり終了できなかったのが残念である。 ※正解(C)。【着眼点】「台風のために」の意を伝える正しい群前置詞を選ぶ問題。 【選択肢】dueとowingはいずれもtoと結びついて「〜のために」の意になる。(D) のbecauseは接続詞。 (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 The bright red "flowers" of the poinsettia plant -----, technically speaking, not flowers at all, but groups of specialized leaves called bracts. (A) are (B) is (C) being (D) to be ※正解(A)。【解説】 空所にはこの文の動詞が入ることになるので、(C)と(D)は除外できる。この文の主語はThe bright red" "flowers"である。したがって、正解は(A)。poinsettia「ポインセチア」、bract「包葉」。 2. 空所補充問題 Distinguishing ----- ordinary rheumatoid arthritis and dysfunction of the immune system requires extensive medical experience. (A) within (B) between (C) among (D) on ※正解(B)。【解説】 distinguishの意味は「区別する」。空所の後にはandを挟んで名詞句が2つ並んでいるので、betweenを入れれば「AとBを区別する」の意味になる。正解は(B)。rheumatoid arthritis「慢性関節リューマチ」、dysfunction「機能障害」、immune system「免疫システム」。 3. 空所補充問題 The most severe physical pains involved with the hunger response in humans ----- stomach cramps, or uncontrollable contractions of the stomach muscles. (A) is (B) to be (C) being (D) are ※正解(D)。【解説】 The mostから空所の前のhumansがこの文の主語である。したがって、空所にはpainsに呼応して(D)areが入ることになる。contractions「収縮」。 4. 空所補充問題 Potatoes are not native to Ireland, and corn -----. (A) is either (B) isn't neither (C) is neither (D) isn't either ※正解(D)。【解説】 前半がare notと否定文になっているので、それを受け空所にはisn't eitherが入ることになる。これで「トウモロコシもアイルランド原産ではない」の意味になる。 5. 空所補充問題 Grass can grow ----- soil and climate conditions are sufficiently accommodating. (A) ever (B) whenever (C) every (D) never ※正解(B)。【解説】 この文には動詞が2つ(grow、are)があるので、空所には接続詞が入ることになる。したがって、正解は(B)wheneverである。 6. 正誤問題 (A)While the early 1940s, Nat "King" Cole was (B)considered to be one of the (C)leading jazz pianists of (D)his day. ※正解(A)。【解説】 While → During。Whileの後にthe early 1940sが来ているので、ここはWhileの代わりに前置詞Duringを使う。be considered to be... の用法に問題はない。leading「一流の」。hisとはNat "King" Coleのことである。 7. 正誤問題 (A)However electronic computers had been in use (B)since the late 1940s, (C)they were not in widespread household use (D)until the late 1980s. ※正解(A)。【解説】 However → Although。Howeverのままでは文が成立しない。Althoughを使えば意味が通るようになる。widespread「広く行き渡った」。 8. 正誤問題 Rodin's sculpture The Age of Bronze is a cast of a carving (A)so lifelike (B)that the artist was (C)initial accused of (D)having made a cast of a living person. ※正解(C)。【解説】 initial → initially。so... thatは皆さんご存じの構文である。initialは過去分詞accusedにかかっているので、形容詞ではなく副詞initiallyを用いる。having madeの用法に問題はない。Rodin「ロダン」。 9. 正誤問題 Calico is (A)a cotton fabric related (B)to chintz and percale (C)that it originated (D)in Calicut, India. ※正解(C)。【解説】 that it → that(itをカット)。この場合のfabric「布」は可算名詞。related to ... 「……と同族の」。thatの後のitはどう見ても余分である。originatedの後の前置詞inに問題はない。calico「サラサ」。chintz「チンツ」、percale「パーケール」。 10. 正誤問題 (A)An armistice is a formal truce (B)in which both sides in a war agree to stop fighting for a specific purpose without (C)lying down (D)their arms entirely. ※正解(C)。【解説】 lying → laying。armistice「休戦」は可算名詞。前置詞+関係代名詞in whichに問題はない。lyingはlayingとしなければ「(武器などを)捨てる」の意味にはならない。theirはboth sidesを指す。 II.時事英文 Helen Keller (その1;全12回シリーズ) The name Helen Keller has had special meaning for millions of people in all parts of the world. She could not see or hear. Yet Helen Keller was able to do so much with her days and years. Her success gave others hope. Helen Keller was born June twenty-seventh, eighteen eighty in a small town in northern Alabama. Her father, Arthur Keller, was a captain in the army of the South during the American Civil War. Her mother was his second wife. She was much younger than her husband. Helen was their first child. Until she was a year-and-one-half old, Helen Keller was just like any other child. She was very active. She began walking and talking early. Then, nineteen months after she was born, Helen became very sick. It was a strange sickness that made her completely blind and deaf. The doctor could not do anything for her. Her bright, happy world now was filled with silence and darkness. III - a. 雑知識
III -b. 英語でどう言う? 置き忘れる leave 【例文】 I left my umbrella on the bus. なくす、紛失する lose 【例文】My grandfather lost his wallet on his way home. すりにあう have one's pocket picked 【例文】I had my pocket picked in the crowded train. バッグをひったくられる have one's bag snatched 【例文】Mari had her bag snatched off her shoulder by a man on a motorcycle. III-c Phrases in the News 6者協議 Six-party talks ※North Korea announced it was leaving the six-party talks after the U.N. Security Council unanimously passed a president's statement in April criticizing Pyongyang launching ballistic missiles. ※国連安全保障理事会が4月、北朝鮮の弾道ミサイル発射を非難する議長声明を満場一致で採択した後、北朝鮮は6者協議を脱退すると宣言した。 IV. Jokes a. "Purpose of visit?" asked the customs agent as we approached a checkpoint at the border. "We're going to a wedding," my wife said. "Are you carrying any weapons?" he asked. "No,2 she said. "It's not that kind of wedding." b. During a home renovation, my grandfather was watching me drive in nails. "You hammer like lightning," he said. "Really?" I asked. "Yes, you never strike same place twice." c. In the furniture section of a big new department store, I sat admiring a sofa. It was very cheap and I wondered if it could be genuine leather. "Is this sofa pseudo leather?" I asked the young male shop assistant. "Oh, no, madam," he replied. "It's artificial." d. I got into a deep discussion with my friend Julie about our energy crisis. "I'll bet there are other choices besides oil that we haven't tried," I said. "Yeah," she agreed. "Someone should figure out how to turn used bridesmaid dresses into fuel." e. Our neighbors had put much effort into training their dog to jump into the back of their car on command. Early one morning, I noticed John, the husband, holding his phone to the dog's ear with a look of frustration. Suddenly the animal jumped into the vehicle. "He wouldn't move," explained John, "so I phoned my wife to give the command. He always obeys her." f. My parents, my husband and I drove to a show. At the theatre, Mum told Dad, "Warren, jump out and get the tickets." "You're telling an 86-year-old man to jump?" he laughed. "Sorry," Mum said. "Shuffle out and get the tickets." |