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資料No. ： NS091111
I-1 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題 (1) TOEIC 1. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The brain has two halves and _______ thin layers of membrane. (A) cover (B) covers (C) are covered by (D) is covered with 2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 We were taught at school that the Pilgrim Fathers _______ on Plymouth Rock in Massachusetts. (A) landed (B) have landed (C) had landed (D) had been landed 3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 It was quite likely that the President _______ in to the intense lobbying from pressure groups. (A) has given (B) had given (C) should give (D) should be giving 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 He must have fooled my secretary into thinking that he _______ my brother-in-law. (A) be (B) is (C) was (D) been 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 _______ he desired to lead a peaceful and tranquil life, he could certainly have done so. (A) If (B) Were (C) Has (D) Had 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 We lost the game, but we _______ won if one of our players hadn't been hurt. (A) might well have (B) might have been (C) might well (D) may have 7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 We intend to submit _______ that special legislation be passed allocating disaster relief funds to the people in the disaster area. (A) an advise (B) an upshot (C) a request (D) a reason (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 The style of music ----- hymns in the German Protestant church tradition is known as chorale. (A) accompanies (B) accompany (C) accompanied (D) accompanying 2. 空所補充問題 The flavors of tea ----- by the infusion of aromatic chemicals of the leaf into warm water. (A) they produce (B) that are producing (C) are produced (D) producing 3. 空所補充問題 The abolitionists differed from people who held more moderate anti-slavery views in that they insisted ----- an immediate end to the practice of slavery. (A) on (B) in (C) to (D) for 4. 空所補充問題 Marilyn Monroe was the stage name of an actress whose real name ----- Norma Jean Mortenson. (A) is (B) has (C) were (D) was 5. 空所補充問題 The letters assigned to vitamins, ----- as "A", "B" and "C", are an artifact of the historical sequence of their discovery rather than an indication of their chemical composition. (A) that (B) those (C) such (D) like 6. 正誤問題 (A)Thanks to modern surgical techniques, it is (B)very often possible to reattach severed limbs (C)which the patient (D)receives proper emergency medical care. 7. 正誤問題 (A)Less than two hours after President John F. Kennedy was (B)assassinated, Lyndon B. Johnson took the presidential oath of (C)office in a (D)sadly, solemn ceremony. 8. 正誤問題 The science of artificial intelligence (A)involves the study of computer systems (B)that (C)perform tasks that seem to (D)acquire consciousness. 9. 正誤問題 The work of Raphael, (A)one of the greatest and most influential painters of the Italian Renaissance, (B)he influenced artists (C)up to the early (D)1900's. 10. 正誤問題 Canberra, (A)a capital of Australia, is (B)that country's (C)leading example of (D)large-scale city planning. I-2 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題解答 (1) TOEIC 1. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The brain has two halves and _______ thin layers of membrane. (A) cover (B) covers (C) are covered by (D) is covered with 訳：脳は右脳と左脳からなり、幾層かの薄膜でおおわれている。 ※正解(D)。【文構造】主語はbrainで、andはbrainについて述べている2つの述部（has two halvesと_____ thin layers of membrane）を結んでいる。 【着眼点】and以下の述部を完成させる問題なのでThe brain _____ thin layers of membrane. と単純化して考える。brainが単数名詞であることに着目した時点で (A) と (C) がまず消える。残るは (B) と (D) だがbrainがthin ... membraneをcoverしているのではなくてその逆なので、空所にはis covered withがくる。なお、「be＋過去分詞＋by以外の前置詞」の組み合わせにも注意。 2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 We were taught at school that the Pilgrim Fathers _______ on Plymouth Rock in Massachusetts. (A) landed (B) have landed (C) had landed (D) had been landed 訳：私たちは学校でピルグリムファーザーズが上陸したのはマサチューセッツ州にあるプリマスの岩だと教わった。 ※正解(A)。【着眼点】that 節の内容が歴史上の事実（と見なされている事柄）に言及している点に注意。このような場合は主節の時制とは無関係に話し手の立場から過去の事柄として直接その内容を把握することになる。したがって、正解は (A)の landed となる。 3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 It was quite likely that the President _______ in to the intense lobbying from pressure groups. (A) has given (B) had given (C) should give (D) should be giving 訳：大統領が圧力団体からの強い働きかけに屈したというのは十分考えられることだった。 ※正解(B)。【着眼点】主節が It was quite likely と過去時制をとっているので、that 節にも過去系列の動詞 (had given)を配置する。 【選択肢】likely に続く節の中では、話し手の主観的な強い感情を表す should は使えない（×It is likely that Samson should have married Delian in the first place）。 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 He must have fooled my secretary into thinking that he _______ my brother-in-law. (A) be (B) is (C) was (D) been 訳：彼は私の秘書をだまして彼と私が義理の兄弟だと思い込ませたに違いない。 ※正解(C)。【文構造】「fool ＋人 (my secretary)＋〜ing」は「人をだまして〜させる」の意。 【着眼点】「法助動詞＋完了形」(must have fooled) は意味的には過去時に言及するものであり、過去時制と同等であると見なすことができる。問題文は「法助動詞＋完了形」の後に直接 that 節が現れているわけではないが、「秘書がだまされて that 以下のこと（＝事実ではないこと）を思い込まされたに違いない」という流れだから、that 節には過去時制の動詞をもってくるのがふさわしい。 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 _______ he desired to lead a peaceful and tranquil life, he could certainly have done so. (A) If (B) Were (C) Has (D) Had 訳：彼が安穏に生きていこうと思えばきっとそれも可能だったろう。 ※正解(D)。【着眼点】「望んでいたらできただろう (could have done)」という過去に言及する文脈なので仮定法過去完了の形（＝had ＋過去分詞）を採用。 [＊Had he（＝If he had）desired ... は if の省略に伴う倒置] 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 We lost the game, but we _______ won if one of our players hadn't been hurt. (A) might well have (B) might have been (C) might well (D) may have 訳：結果は負け試合だったが、負傷者がなければうちが勝っていただろう。 ※正解(A)。【着眼点】「試合に負けた」という過去の事実の後、but... と続き最後に「選手の1人が負傷していなかったら」という仮定法過去完了がきている。この流れから but 以下の主節には「勝っていただろうに」(might have won) がくるとわかる。 【選択肢】「人に勝つ」は「beat＋人」とは言うが「win＋人」とは言わないから、 (B)のように「人（＝we）」を主語に立てた受け身の形も当然不可（→ 仮に言えたとしても文脈上不可）。(D)は、現実に起こらなかったことを取り上げて「…だったろうに」と言う場合には用いない。 【注意】well は法助動詞の意味を強める副詞。 7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 We intend to submit _______ that special legislation be passed allocating disaster relief funds to the people in the disaster area. (A) an advise (B) an upshot (C) a request (D) a reason 訳：我々は被災地の人々への災害救援基金を設定する特別立法可決要求を提出するつもりである。 ※正解(C)。【文構造】submit ___ that ... は「that 以下という旨の___ を提出する」の意で、___ にくる名詞と that 以下は同格の関係。allocating は legislation（立法）にかかる現在分詞の形容詞用法。 【着眼点】that 節内の V (be passed)が原形（＝仮定法現在）である点に注目。 【選択肢】(A)は advise が動詞だから問題外。(B)の upshot（結果[論]）は同格の that 節を従える用法それ自体を欠く。（cf. The upshot is that ... の構文は可）(D)の reason は仮定法現在をとる用法はない。 (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 The style of music ----- hymns in the German Protestant church tradition is known as chorale. (A) accompanies (B) accompany (C) accompanied (D) accompanying ※正解(D)。【解説】 この文の動詞はis known ... である。(A) (B) (C)を空所に入れると動詞がダブることになる。正解はthat/which accompaniesの意味を表す(D) accompanying（分詞）である。 2. 空所補充問題 The flavors of tea ----- by the infusion of aromatic chemicals of the leaf into warm water. (A) they produce (B) that are producing (C) are produced (D) producing ※正解(C)。【解説】 空所以下には動詞がないことから、(A) (B) (D)は正解とはならない。正解は受身形の(C)である。infusion「煎じ出し」。 3. 空所補充問題 The abolitionists differed from people who held more moderate anti-slavery views in that they insisted ----- an immediate end to the practice of slavery. (A) on (B) in (C) to (D) for ※正解(A)。【解説】 insist「主張する」の後に来る前置詞はonである。abolitionists「奴隷制度廃止論者」。 4. 空所補充問題 Marilyn Monroe was the stage name of an actress whose real name ----- Norma Jean Mortenson. (A) is (B) has (C) were (D) was ※正解(D)。【解説】 過去の事柄に関する文なのでis、hasは使えない。正解は過去・単数形の(D)。 5. 空所補充問題 The letters assigned to vitamins, ----- as "A", "B" and "C", are an artifact of the historical sequence of their discovery rather than an indication of their chemical composition. (A) that (B) those (C) such (D) like ※正解(C)。【解説】 as以下でビタミンに割り当てられた文字の具体例が挙げられているので、suchを空所に入れればsuch as... 「……のような」の意味になり文が繋がる。artifact「人工的なもの」。 6. 正誤問題 (A)Thanks to modern surgical techniques, it is (B)very often possible to reattach severed limbs (C)which the patient (D)receives proper emergency medical care. ※正解(C)。【解説】 which → when。Thanks to... は「……のお陰で」、very oftenは「頻繁に」の意味。関係代名詞whichでは前後の文が繋がらない。whichの代わりにwhenを使えばいい。receivesに問題はない。 7. 正誤問題 (A)Less than two hours after President John F. Kennedy was (B)assassinated, Lyndon B. Johnson took the presidential oath of (C)office in a (D)sadly, solemn ceremony. ※正解(D)。【解説】 sadly → sad。Less than「……しないうちに」、be assassinated「暗殺される」の用法に問題はない。officeの前に冠詞は必要ない。sadlyの後にカンマがあることからもわかるように、ここでは形容詞sadを用いる。solemn「厳粛な」。 8. 正誤問題 The science of artificial intelligence (A)involves the study of computer systems (B)that (C)perform tasks that seem to (D)acquire consciousness. ※正解(D)。【解説】 acquire → require。involves「……を含む、伴う」、関係代名詞that、perform「行う」に誤りはない。acquire「獲得する」ではなくrequire「必要とする」を用いなければ意味が通らない。 9. 正誤問題 The work of Raphael, (A)one of the greatest and most influential painters of the Italian Renaissance, (B)he influenced artists (C)up to the early (D)1900's. ※正解(B)。【解説】 he → カット。one of the greatestに問題はない。he influencedのheは余分である。up to the early 1900'sで「1900年代初期まで」の意味になる。 10. 正誤問題 Canberra, (A)a capital of Australia, is (B)that country's (C)leading example of (D)large-scale city planning. ※正解(A)。【解説】 a capital → the capital。Canberraはオーストラリアの首都（ひとつだけ）である。冠詞はaではなくtheを用いる。代名詞that、leading「すぐれた、主要な」、large-scale「大規模な」に誤りはない。 II.時事英文 Rich Life (その4；全7回シリーズ) One day, Al scraped together a few dollars for a lottery ticket. He thought he would never strike it rich or gain lots of money unexpectedly. But his combination of numbers was chosen and he won the lottery. He hit the jackpot. He won a great deal of money. III - a. 雑知識
III -b. 英語でどう言う？ エレベーターで〜まで上がる take an elevator up to 【例文】I took the elevator up to the fifth floor. 手すりにつかまる hold on to a handrail 【例文】Grandma, holdon to the handrail while using the escalator. 階段をかけ上がる run up the stairs 【例文】Many shoppers ran up the stairs straight to the bargain floor. 人を呼び出す page 【例文】I hurried to the information desk at the department store and asked the woman to page my wife. III-c Phrases in the News 解散総選挙 Snap election ※Since taking office last autumn, Prime Minister Taro Aso has been eager to dissolve the Lower House and call a snap election, some analysts say. ※麻生太郎総理大臣は昨秋の就任以来、ずっと解散総選挙に熱意を持っていたと見る識者もいる。 IV. Jokes a. After an old man reached his 100th birthday, a local radio station decided to ask him a few questions. "What's your secret to longevity?" the reporter asked. "I never argue with anyone," the man replied. "Surely that can't be it," said the reporter. The man shrugged. "I suppose you're right." b. Q: Why are coins made out of metal? A: Because change is so hard. c. A new study revealed that one out of every five people snores. In a separate study, scientists found that four out of five people suffer from insomnia. d. A piece of rope walks into a pub. The barman says, "You were in here the other week causing trouble. Go on, get out." The rope shuffles through the door. Outside, he winds his top half round his bottom half, rubs his head against a lamppost then goes back into the pub. "Didn't I throw you out?" asks the barman. "Nah," says the rope. "I'm frayed knot." e. A farmer offers to help a driver get his car out of a mud hole for 20 dollars. "Yours is the tenth car I've rescued today," he says. "Wow," says the driver. "When do you work your land? At night?" "No, night is when I fill the hole with water." f. Susan was desperate for a few days off from work. But she knew that the boss wouldn't let her take a vacation. So she got a crazy idea. She hung upside down on the ceiling until the big guy noticed and asked her what she was doing. "I'm a light-bulb," she told him. "You are clearly stressed-out," said the boss, looking concerned. "Go home and take it easy for a couple of days." Susan jumped down and headed for the door. Her co-worker Janice seized the opportunity and followed Susan. "Where do you think you're going?" the boss hollered after her. "I'm going home, too," Janice said. "I can't work in the dark." |