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資料No. ： NS091028
I-1 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題 (1) TOEIC 1. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 In spite of circumstantial evidence pointing to his guilt, the accused _______ that he was innocent. (A) interrogated (B) inquired (C) persuaded (D) maintained 2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Since John lacks experience in negotiation, he feels so _______ whenever he meets potential clients. (A) awkward (B) awkwardly (C) easy (D) easily 3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Due to the worsening economy, many small and medium-sized companies have gone _______. (A) bankruptcy (B) bankrupt (C) banking (D) banker 訳：経済の悪化により、多くの中小企業が破産している。 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 _______ may emerge a new party capable of taking power from the present government. (A) They (B) Their (C) Theirs (D) There 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The police _______ the demonstration on the grounds that it might lead to violence. (A) have banned (B) has ban (C) banning (D) are ban 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 She just didn't have _______ to ask for a raise. (A) the nerve (B) the plan (C) the gut (D) the feel 7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 I was happy that I _______ work so early this afternoon. (A) got there (B) got home (C) got off (D) got in (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 The clear, transparent yellow, orange red and brown varieties of the crystallized mineral known as zircon ----- gemstones. (A) often used as are (B) are often used as (C) used as are often (D) as are often used 2. 空所補充問題 ----- charged subatomic particles can be studied in a device called a spark chamber. (A) Electric (B) Electricity (C) Electrically (D) Electronics 3. 空所補充問題 Since Stonehenge is constructed of such massive stones, the people who built it must ----- extraordinary technological capabilities. (A) have had (B) to have (C) been having (D) have been 4. 空所補充問題 The job of a lobbyist is to get ----- to the benefit of vested interests. (A) legislators modified decisions (B) decisions to modify by legislators (C) that legislators modify decisions (D) legislators to modify decisions 5. 空所補充問題 Scientists have isolated chemicals that ----- in more or less aggressive ways. (A) make people to behave (B) making people behave (C) make people behave (D) making people behaving 6. 正誤問題 German engineer Karl Benz was one of the early (A)pioneer (B)in the development of vehicles (C)powered by internal combustion (D)engines. 7. 正誤問題 Tax filing procedures have become (A)such complex (B)that many taxpayers have no choice (C)but to have professionals (D)file for them. 8. 正誤問題 Many cactus plants (A)feature sharp thorns (B)that protect the flesh and fruit of the plant (C)from desert birds and (D)another animals. 9. 正誤問題 Thomas Young is (A)best known for his outstanding contributions (B)to the science of optics, (C)although he was also an important physician, (D)physics and Egyptologist. 10. 正誤問題 A liquid is generally defined (A)as a substance (B)that assumes the shape of its container (C)over normal atmospheric and gravitational (D)conditions. I-2 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題解答 (1) TOEIC 1. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 In spite of circumstantial evidence pointing to his guilt, the accused _______ that he was innocent. (A) interrogated (B) inquired (C) persuaded (D) maintained 訳：状況証拠からすれば有罪であるのだが、被告は無罪を主張した。 ※正解（D）。【文構造】｢the accused (S) ____ (V) that節 (O) ｣ の第3文型。accusedはtheがつくと｢被告人｣の意になる。In spite of 〜は｢〜にもかかわらず｣の意で副詞句を導く。 【着眼点】that節をOにとって第3文型を作れるのはmaintain（主張する）のみ。 【選択肢】interrogate は｢（人）を尋問する｣の意。inquire （＝問う）はwh節ならOにとれる。persuade（＝説得する）は｢persuade＋人＋that節｣の第4文型はある。 2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Since John lacks experience in negotiation, he feels so _______ whenever he meets potential clients. (A) awkward (B) awkwardly (C) easy (D) easily 訳：ジョンは交渉の経験が不足しているので、顧客になりそうな人に会うたびにまごまごする。 ※正解（A）。【文構造】Since 〜 negotiationは「理由」、またwhenever（＝at any time when）〜 clientsは「時」を表す副詞節。骨格部分はhe (S) feels (V) __ となる。 【着眼点】since節の内容から考えて空所にはネガティブな語がくるから (C) と (D) は消える。he feels 〜は「he＝〜であるように感じる」の意でfeelは「である型」の不完全自動詞。空所にはＣがくるが、副詞はＣにならないから (A) のawkwardが正解。 3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Due to the worsening economy, many small and medium-sized companies have gone _______. (A) bankruptcy (B) bankrupt (C) banking (D) banker 訳：経済の悪化により、多くの中小企業が破産している。 ※正解（B）。【文構造】companies (S) have gone (V) はすぐにわかる。 【着眼点】「破産する」にあたる英語に何度か触れていながら、goと結びつくのが (A) か (B) かに迷う人は意外に多い。goは「になる型」の不完全自動詞のときは、Ｃに名詞をとらないのが原則（Ｃを選ばせる問題では正解が形容詞であるケースが非常に多いことも参考にできる）。語源の知識がなくても、 (A) と (B) のどちらに形容詞的響きが強いか大体の予想はつくだろう。軍配は (B) に上がる。bankruptcyの-cyは抽象名詞を作る接尾辞。 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 _______ may emerge a new party capable of taking power from the present government. (A) They (B) Their (C) Theirs (D) There 訳：現政府から政権を奪える新しい政党が現れるかもしれない。 ※正解（D）。【文構造】capable以下は後ろからpartyを修飾している形容詞句で修飾要素（Ｍ）。「may emerge＝Ｖ」は明白だが、問題はpartyがＳかOかＣかということ。TheyやTheirsを選ぶと形はＳＶO（またはＣ）に見える。しかしemergeは完全自動詞なのでこの2つは無理。(B) のTheirs（所有格代名詞）がＶを従えるのはおかしい。したがって正解は (D) で、may emerge が V で party が S の there 構文となる。 【注意】there構文に生ずるＶは、appear, be, begin, come, emerge, exist, happen, lie, live, occur, stand などが一般的。 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The police _______ the demonstration on the grounds that it might lead to violence. (A) have banned (B) has ban (C) banning (D) are ban 訳：警察は暴動に発展しかねないという理由でそのデモを禁止した。 ※正解（A）。【着眼点】主語のpoliceは警官（policeman, policewoman, police officer）の集合体を表す集合名詞。集合名詞は、[1]その集合体を一単位と考えて単数扱いする場合と、[2]逆に集合体の個々の成員のほうを強く意識するため、語形上は単数形でも複数で扱われる場合とがある。ただし、このpoliceに関してはふつう [2]の用法のみで用いられる。 【選択肢】ban（＝禁止する）は動詞。述語動詞として通るのは (A) のみ。 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 She just didn't have _______ to ask for a raise. (A) the nerve (B) the plan (C) the gut (D) the feel 訳：彼女には賃上げを要求する度胸がなかっただけです。 ※正解（A）。(A)か(C)で迷いそう。have the nerve は「神経が図太いこと」。gut は「内臓」。複数形 guts には「ガッツ、根性」の意がある。 7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 I was happy that I _______ work so early this afternoon. (A) got there (B) got home (C) got off (D) got in 訳：今日の午後はこんなに早く仕事が済んで嬉しい。 ※正解（C）。happy なのは「仕事が済んだ」時。「…から離れる」のニュアンスを持つものを考える。日本語でも「オフ」という語は使う。 (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 The clear, transparent yellow, orange red and brown varieties of the crystallized mineral known as zircon ----- gemstones. (A) often used as are (B) are often used as (C) used as are often (D) as are often used ※正解（B）。【解説】 The clearからzirconまでがこの文の主語になるので、空所には動詞が入る。したがって、(D)は不可。また、usedを動詞として用いても文は成立しないので(A)と(C)も正解ではない。(B)を空所に入れれば「……としてよく使われる」の意味になる。transparent「透明な」、zircon「ジルコン」、gemstone「宝石の原石」。 2. 空所補充問題 ----- charged subatomic particles can be studied in a device called a spark chamber. (A) Electric (B) Electricity (C) Electrically (D) Electronics ※正解（C）。【解説】 chargedはsubatomic particles「素粒子」にかかる過去分詞。空所にはchargedを修飾する語がは入ることになるので、正解は(C) Electrically（副詞）。electrically chargedで「電荷を帯びた」の意味になる。 3. 空所補充問題 Since Stonehenge is constructed of such massive stones, the people who built it must ----- extraordinary technological capabilities. (A) have had (B) to have (C) been having (D) have been ※正解（A）。【解説】 mustの後に不定詞to、beenは使えない。must have had... を空所に入れれば「並はずれた技術力を持っていたに違いない」の意味になる。 4. 空所補充問題 The job of a lobbyist is to get ----- to the benefit of vested interests. (A) legislators modified decisions (B) decisions to modify by legislators (C) that legislators modify decisions (D) legislators to modify decisions ※正解（D）。【解説】 getには「get+人+to+動詞」の使役用法（なんとか……させる）がある。(D)がこれに該当する。lobbyist「ロビイスト」、legislator「国会議員」 5. 空所補充問題 Scientists have isolated chemicals that ----- in more or less aggressive ways. (A) make people to behave (B) making people behave (C) make people behave (D) making people behaving ※正解（C）。【解説】 makeの使役用法に注目。makeの場合には後に来る動詞は原形になるので、(C)make people behaveが正解。 6. 正誤問題 German engineer Karl Benz was one of the early (A)pioneer (B)in the development of vehicles (C)powered by internal combustion (D)engines. ※正解(A)。【解説】 pioneer → pioneers。one of the earlyの後のpioneerを複数形にしなければ文が成立しない。前置詞in、(that/which were) powered by、可算名詞enginesに問題はない。 7. 正誤問題 Tax filing procedures have become (A)such complex (B)that many taxpayers have no choice (C)but to have professionals (D)file for them. ※正解(A)。【解説】 such → so。complex「複雑な」は形容詞なので、suchではなくsoを用いる。これでso... that構文になる。 8. 正誤問題 Many cactus plants (A)feature sharp thorns (B)that protect the flesh and fruit of the plant (C)from desert birds and (D)another animals. ※正解(D)。【解説】 another → other。この場合のfeatureは「……を特徴とする」の意味。関係代名詞that、protect... fromに問題はない。animalsと複数形になっているので、anotherではなくotherを用いる。 9. 正誤問題 Thomas Young is (A)best known for his outstanding contributions (B)to the science of optics, (C)although he was also an important physician, (D)physics and Egyptologist. ※正解(D)。【解説】 physics → physicist。physics「物理学」の前後の語に注目。physician「医師」、Egyptologist「エジプト学者」と人を表す語が並んでいるので、physicsはphysicist「物理学者」にしなくてはいけない。 10. 正誤問題 A liquid is generally defined (A)as a substance (B)that assumes the shape of its container (C)over normal atmospheric and gravitational (D)conditions. ※正解(C)。【解説】 over → under。【解説】be defined as... で「……として定義される」の意味。関係代名詞thatに問題はない。「……の状況下では」の意味を表すには前置詞overではなくunderを用いる。conditionは可算名詞。 II.時事英文 Rich Life (その3；全7回シリーズ) Sometimes Al even had to accept hand-outs, gifts from his family and friends. But do not get me wrong. My friend was not a deadbeat. He was not the kind of person who never paid the money he owed. He simply pinched pennies. He was always very careful with the money he spent. In fact, he was often a cheapskate. He did not like to spend money. The worst times were when he was flat broke and had no money at all. III - a. 雑知識
III -b. 英語でどう言う？ かき氷を食べる eat shaved ice 【例文】I get brain freeze whenever I eat shaved ice quickly. スイカを6等分する cut a watermelon in six pieces 【例文】Mika cut the watermelon in six pieces for dessert. 花火を上げる set off fireworks 【例文】We set off fireworks at the riverbank last night. 夕涼みをする enjoy the cool evening 【例文】After dinner my girlfriend and I went to the riverbank to enjoy the cool evening. III-c Phrases in the News 冤罪 wrongful conviction, false conviction ※The head of the Tochigi Prefectural Police Department apologized to Toshikazy Sugaya, who was released from prison after a new DNA test showed he was not the killer of a 4-year-old girl in Tochigi Prefecture. It was the first time an investigative official had apologized to Sugaya for the wrongful conviction. ※栃木県(足利市)4歳女児殺害事件で、DNA再鑑定で犯人でないとされ釈放された菅野利和さんに対し、栃木県警の本部長が謝罪した。捜査当局者が冤罪について菅野さんに直接謝罪したのは初めてだ。 IV. Jokes a. Because he's a long-time Harley Davidson rider, my grandfather looks at everything from a biker's perspective. I once gave him a haircut and got carried away. He looked at the pile of grey hair on the floor, smiled and said. "You cut off all the chrome." b. I went ballroom dancing recently and a lady there caught my eye. I asked her to dance. She agreed, but my footwork didn't quite match her expert, flowing moves. Still, I was rather taken with her and whispered, "May I have the last dance with you?" "You're having it," she said. c. I perked up when I heard a friend ask my husband, "What was the nicest thing your wife ever said to you?" His reply: "You need a bigger boat." d. The churches in our small town were definitely in sync. On one side of the street, a sign advertised the minister's upcoming sermon, "Love Thy Neighbor." Across the street, the other house of worship explained why: "When Your Marriage Is In Trouble." e. My young grandson called to wish me Happy Birthday. He asked how old I was. "Sixty-two," I replied. He was quiet for a moment, then asked, "Did you start at one?" f. Driving through a very rural area, it occurred to my husband and I that we hadn't seen a single sign of human habitation for many miles. Finally we came across a solitary cottage. A large sign on the roadside read, "This is a neighborhood watch." g. I had arranged to take my mother-in-law to the doctor, but when I arrived, she was chatting with a neighbor. With some urgency, I reminded her of appointment time and, after further cajoling, she eventually followed me to car. As I settled her in, she said, "Sorry about that. I hope we won't be late. You know, that woman just wouldn't stop listening to me." |