資料No. : NS090819
I-1 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題 (1) TOEIC 1. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 It's difficult not to reply _______ to that kind of an intrusive question. (A) rudely (B) kindly (C) desperately (D) politely 2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Don't take it personally. He doesn't mean to hurt your _______. (A) emotions (B) happiness (C) feelings (D) equilibrium 3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 If he's found guilty the judge will pass _______. (A) guilt (B) sentence (C) innocence (D) the case 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 We'd better hurry if we want to _______ the last train. (A) met (B) be on time (C) take (D) return 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 I'm _______ the details in their annual report. (A) making (B) checking (C) assuming (D) searching 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 He seemed really nervous before he _______ his report. (A) prevaricated (B) was advised (C) presented (D) spoke 7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 With the uncertainty in the market, I advise you to invest _______. (A) cautiously (B) confidently (C) disastrously (D) certainly 8. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The government had decided to --- a tax on land. (A) fine (B) impress (C) survey (D) levy 9. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 For --- service, the bank recently set up a branch near the station. (A) great (B) greatly (C) greater (D) greatest 10. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 All the pictures --- I took during the trip to America are in this album. (A) that (B) whose (C) of which (D) those 11. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 After (A)hiking for eight hours, we (B)finally (C)reached the (D)apex of Mt. Fuji. 12. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 (A)Sumo wreslers are (B)traditionally very (C)fatty, (D)aren't they? 13. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 My (A)children (B)watch television for (C)about (D)a hour a day. (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 The cotton gin, invented by Eli Whitney, ----- a quick and easy way to separate the seeds from cotton fibers. (A) provided by (B) was provided (C) provided (D) to provide 2. 空所補充問題 In 1621, the government of the Netherlands chartered the Dutch West India Company after ----- by a group of Dutch merchants. (A) it was formed (B) they formed it (C) it formed them (D) it formed 3. 空所補充問題 Laramie, Wyoming, was named after the American fur trapper who explored the southeastern part of the state ----- than 200 years ago. (A) most (B) many (C) much (D) more 4. 空所補充問題 People with supposed psychokinetic powers claim ----- of moving, heating or deforming objects without touching them. (A) how to be capable (B) be capable (C) to be capable (D) being capable 5. 空所補充問題 Gold is a soft metal that has chemical inertness and electrical conductivity among ----- most important attributes. (A) its (B) it (C) that (D) which 6. 正誤問題 Scurvy, gout and other (A)ill common (B)until the mid-19th century are the product of (C)an unbalanced (D)diet. 7. 正誤問題 Signal mirrors can be used (A)in clear daylight conditions to send (B)coded messages (C)using the (D)reflective light of the sun. 8. 正誤問題 (A)Courage is defined (B)as not a lack of fear, (C)but rather an ability to feel fear and remain (D)unintimidated. 9. 正誤問題 As legend has (A)it, Roman Emperor Nero was so (B)unconcerned about the ordinary people that he continued (C)to play music as fires (D)they raged in the capital. 10. 正誤問題 Plants (A)that blossom, produce seeds and (B)dying (C)within a single growing season are known (D)as annuals. I-2 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題解答 (1) TOEIC 1. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 It's difficult not to reply _______ to that kind of an intrusive question. (A) rudely (B) kindly (C) desperately (D) politely 訳:あんなぶしつけな質問に、礼儀にはずれないように答えるのは難しい。 ※正解(A)。intrusive 「でしゃばった」質問と言っているので、(B)「やさしく」や (D)「礼儀正しく」、また (C) の「必死に」では文脈上当てはまりません。(A) の rudely なら、「不作法に答えないでいるのは難しい」となり、意味が通ります。 2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Don't take it personally. He doesn't mean to hurt your _______. (A) emotions (B) happiness (C) feelings (D) equilibrium 訳:あなたへのあてつけだと思わないでください。彼はあなたの気持ちを傷つけるつもりはないんです。 ※正解(C)。hurt 〜's feelings で「(〜の)感情を害する」という意味のイディオムです。emotion は「(喜怒哀楽などの強い)感情」のことを言います。(D) の equilibrium は「(心の)平静」という意味です。 3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 If he's found guilty the judge will pass _______. (A) guilt (B) sentence (C) innocence (D) the case 訳:彼がもし有罪だということがわかれば、判事は刑を宣告するだろう。 ※正解(B)。pass sentence(on +人)で「(人に)刑を宣告する」という決まった言い回しです。「有罪[無罪]を宣告する」というときは、という言い方をします。 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 We'd better hurry if we want to _______ the last train. (A) met (B) be on time (C) take (D) return 訳:最終電車に乗るなら、急いだほうがいい。 ※正解(C)。(B) の on time は「時間どおりに」という意味。in time「間に合って」なら後に for を伴い、「(電車)に間に合う」という意味になります。「電車に乗る」は take a train と言います。 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 I'm _______ the details in their annual report. (A) making (B) checking (C) assuming (D) searching 訳:彼らの年次報告書の詳細を調べているところです。 ※正解(B)。check も search も、日本語では「調べる」という訳が当てはめられますが、search は「(場所や人の体など)を捜す;(書類など)を調べる」という意味で、捜し求めるものは直接目的語にはなりません。assume は「〜が…であると仮定する」という意味です。 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 He seemed really nervous before he _______ his report. (A) prevaricated (B) was advised (C) presented (D) spoke 訳:彼は自分の報告書を発表する前はとても緊張しているように見えた。 ※正解(C)。(A) は少し難しい単語ですが、「言い逃れをする」という意味の自動詞です。(B) は on や about などの前置詞が必要です。(D) の speak はある言語や言葉を話すときにしか使いません。 7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 With the uncertainty in the market, I advise you to invest _______. (A) cautiously (B) confidently (C) disastrously (D) certainly 訳:市場が不安定なので、投機は慎重にしたほうがいいですよ。 ※正解(A)。「市場が不安定だ」と言っているのですから、気をつけるように勧める表現がくると考えられます。(B)「大胆に」、(C)「悲惨に」、(D)「確かに」では文意が通りません。 8. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The government had decided to --- a tax on land. (A) fine (B) impress (C) survey (D) levy 訳:政府は土地に課税することを決定していた。 ※正解(D)。(A) fine「罰金」「(〜に)罰金を科する」(C) survey「(〜を)見渡す、調査する」(D) levy [+ on, + upon]「(税などを)課する」 9. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 For --- service, the bank recently set up a branch near the station. (A) great (B) greatly (C) greater (D) greatest 訳:よりよいサービスのために、その銀行は最近、駅前に支店を出した。 ※正解(C)。(C)「よりよいサービスのために」であるから、比較級のgreater。(D)最上級greatestは前にtheを必要とする。 10. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 All the pictures --- I took during the trip to America are in this album. (A) that (B) whose (C) of which (D) those 訳:アメリカ旅行中にとった写真は、全部このアルバムにある。 ※正解(A)。(A)空所には関係代名詞目的格が入らなければならないのでthatが正しい。 11. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 After (A)hiking for eight hours, we (B)finally (C)reached the (D)apex of Mt. Fuji. 訳:8時間ハイキングしたあとで、ようやく富士山の頂上に達した。 ※正解(D)。apex → summit / peak。(D) apex「(三角形・円錐などの)頂点、絶頂」[ヒント]山の頂上にはsummit, peakなどを使う。 12. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 (A)Sumo wreslers are (B)traditionally very (C)fatty, (D)aren't they? 訳:相撲取りは、昔から太ってますよね。 ※正解(C)。fatty → fat。(C) fatty「脂肪質の、脂肪過多の、脂っこい」fat「(まるまると)太った、肥満した」 13. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 My (A)children (B)watch television for (C)about (D)a hour a day. 訳:子どもたちは、1日1時間くらいテレビを見ます。 ※正解(D)。a → an。(D) hourは母音で始まるので冠詞anを使う。 (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 The cotton gin, invented by Eli Whitney, ----- a quick and easy way to separate the seeds from cotton fibers. (A) provided by (B) was provided (C) provided (D) to provide ※正解(C)。【解説】 inventedの前にはwhich wasが略されている。空所にはこの文の動詞が入ることになるので、他動詞providedが正解となる。cotton gin「綿繰り機」。 2. 空所補充問題 In 1621, the government of the Netherlands chartered the Dutch West India Company after ----- by a group of Dutch merchants. (A) it was formed (B) they formed it (C) it formed them (D) it formed ※正解(A)。【解説】 空所の後にby... があるので、after以下は受け身の文になると考えるのが妥当である。it was formed by... にすると「……により作られた」の意味になり文が成立する。itはthe Dutch West India Companyのことである。 3. 空所補充問題 Laramie, Wyoming, was named after the American fur trapper who explored the southeastern part of the state ----- than 200 years ago. (A) most (B) many (C) much (D) more ※正解(D)。【解説】 難しく考える必要はない。空所の後にthanがあるので正解は(D) moreになる。trapper「(わなで獲物を捕まえる)猟師」。 4. 空所補充問題 People with supposed psychokinetic powers claim ----- of moving, heating or deforming objects without touching them. (A) how to be capable (B) be capable (C) to be capable (D) being capable ※正解(C)。【解説】 claim how to be capable... では意味が通らない。また、claimの後にbeやbeingは使えない。claim to be... で「……であると言う、主張する」の意味になる。 5. 空所補充問題 Gold is a soft metal that has chemical inertness and electrical conductivity among ----- most important attributes. (A) its (B) it (C) that (D) which ※正解(A)。【解説】 空所にit、whichが入らないのは明らか。ここはthatではなくGoldのことを指すitの所有格itsを使う。inertness「不活性(化学作用を起こさないこと)」、conductivity「伝導性」。 6. 正誤問題 Scurvy, gout and other (A)ill common (B)until the mid-19th century are the product of (C)an unbalanced (D)diet. ※正解(A)。【解説】 ill → illness。この文の主語に注目。scurvy「壊血病」、gout「痛風」と名詞が並んでいるが、その後に形容詞illが来ている。ここではillnessと名詞形にしなくてはいけない。 7. 正誤問題 Signal mirrors can be used (A)in clear daylight conditions to send (B)coded messages (C)using the (D)reflective light of the sun. ※正解(D)。【解説】 reflective → reflected。前置詞inに問題はない。coded messageは「信号(コード)化されたメッセージ」の意。using... は分詞構文で「……を使って」の意味を表す。「反射した光」はreflected lightと言う。 8. 正誤問題 (A)Courage is defined (B)as not a lack of fear, (C)but rather an ability to feel fear and remain (D)unintimidated. ※正解(B)。【解説】 as not → not as。not... but〜 の構文である。asとratherの位置に注目。...is defined not as ... but rather〜とすれば「……としてでなく、むしろ〜と定義される」という意味になる。unintimidated「怖がらない」。 9. 正誤問題 As legend has (A)it, Roman Emperor Nero was so (B)unconcerned about the ordinary people that he continued (C)to play music as fires (D)they raged in the capital. ※正解(D)。【解説】 they → カット。As legend has itは「伝説にあるように」、be unconcerned about ... は「……に無関心である」の意味。continuedの後のto不定詞に問題はない。as節の主語はfiresである。したがって、theyは不必要。 10. 正誤問題 Plants (A)that blossom, produce seeds and (B)dying (C)within a single growing season are known (D)as annuals. ※正解(B)。【解説】 dying → die。関係代名詞thatの後にblossom「花が咲く」、produce seeds「種ができる」と動詞が2つ並んでいる点に注目。andの後には、当然、動詞dieを使う。 II.時事英文 Vitamins (その13;15回シリーズ) In two thousand six, medical experts gathered near Washington, D.C. to discuss studies about vitamin supplements. The experts found little evidence that most supplements do anything to protect or improve health. But they noted that some do help to prevent disease. The experts said women who wish to become mothers should take folic acid to prevent problems in their babies. And, they said vitamin D supplements and calcium can protect the bones of older women. III - a. 雑知識
III -b. 英語でどう言う? シャープペンシルに新しい芯を入れる put some new leads in the mechanical pencil 【例文】Saori put some new leads in the mechanical pencil before class. 蛍光ペンで〜に印をつける mark ~ with a highlighter 【例文】I marked important words and phrases with a highlighter. 〜を壁に画びょうで留める pin up ~ on the wall 【例文】I pinned up my class schedule on the wall. セロテープで〜を張り付ける Scotch-tape 【例文】My father often Scotch-tapes newspaper clippings in his notebook. ※Scotch tapeは米国の商標であるが、一般動詞としても使うことができる。 III-c Phrases in the News 能力検定 aptitude test ※Aptitude tests are tests designed to measure a person's ability or potential ability in a certain field of knowledge or for particular skill. Examples of an aptitude test include IQ tests and the kanji kentei (Japanese Kanji Aptitude Test). ※アプティチュード(理解力)テストとは、特定の分野や技術における個人の能力や適性を測定するための試験を指す。例えば、知能テストや漢字検定がこれに含まれる。 IV. Jokes a. Bert the snake goes to see his doctor. "I need something for my eyes. I can't see very well these days," he says. The doctor gives him a pair of glasses and tells him to come back in a fortnight. Bert returns two weeks later and tells the doc he's very depressed. "What's the problem?" asks the doctor. "Didn't the glasses help you?" "The glasses are fine," says Bert. "But I just discovered I've been living with a garden hose for the last three years." b. Our day-care center spent time helping the kids memorize their home addresses. My daughter, who was in my class, had her street name down, but couldn't remember the house number. "If our house is on fire and you call the firefighters," I asked, "how will they know where to go?" She had a plan: "I'll tell them to go Baynes Street and look for the house on fire." c. Our daughter, a riding instructor, began a lesson with a young girl who was seated astride a pony. "How much riding have you done?" she asked the eight-year-old. No answer. Again, "How much riding have you done?" Still no answer. In a loud voice, in case the child was deaf, my daughter bellowed, "HOW MUCH RIDING HAVE YOU DONE?" "Oh, sorry," said the girl. "I thought you were talking to the horse." d. When my friend's granddaughter, Emily, asked her where she was going, my friend replied "Out to lunch with the girls." After a moment, Emily said, "Are they the girls with the old faces?" e. One evening my sister, Jane, and her husband were entertaining guests while their kids did their homework upstairs. During dinner, eight-year-old Jeff appeared at the table. "Mum," he whispered, trying not to be noticed. "What is it, honey?" "I need some help with my science experiment," he said, handing Jane a marker and a piece of paper. "What's this for?" "I need to draw a conclusion," Jeff said seriously, "but I don't know what one looks like." |