資料No. : NS090812
I-1 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題 (1) TOEIC 1. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 A clone refers to one or more offspring derived from a single ancestor, _______ genetic composition is identical to that of the ancestor. (A) such as (B) even if (C) because (D) whose 2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 It was Mr. White _______ called this morning, he said he would call back around 3 p.m. (A) to be (B) that (C) what (D) to whom 3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 In olden times the total power _______ to mankind was little more than the muscular power of the workers. (A) applicable (B) formidable (C) suitable (D) available 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Although the project was well-received by the management, it was later postponed _______ a lack of funding. (A) regardless of (B) due to (C) as for (D) so that 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 As manufacture becomes cheaper and less local, transport and labor costs have risen, and recycling has become _______ economic. (A) more (B) still (C) less (D) much 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 _______ sanctions and aid cuts by the United States, Japan and other countries, India conducted two more underground nuclear tests. (A) Despite (B) Although (C) Between (D) With 7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 _______ many more elderly parents to care for, more employees will face tough choices in deciding whether to move. (A) Because (B) Though (C) With (D) Among 8. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 She has a --- knowledge of international politics. (A) broad (B) high (C) many (D) excellent 9. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 An Australian student was --- as an exchange student at our school. (A) acceptance (B) accepted (C) accessible (D) accepting 10. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The police are making --- about the crime. (A) heed (B) inquiries (C) pursue (D) attention 11. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 The new book, (A)which is (B)written by Tom Clancy, is (C)quite a (D)thrilling. 12. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 (A)What country (B)is (C)house to the (D)Louvre museum? 13. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 My uncle (A)was (B)unwilling to agree (C)to my radical (D)suggests. (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 Defined legally, a guardian is a person appointed by a court ----- another person, who is called a ward. (A) caring for (B) cared for (C) to care for (D) care for 2. 空所補充問題 It was in To Have and Have Not, the first movie Humphrey Bogart and Lauren Bacall starred in together, ----- Bacall uttered her famous line "If you need anything, just whistle." (A) that (B) where (C) which (D) who 3. 空所補充問題 The League of United Latin American Citizens, ----- in 1929 in Texas, is an organization of Spanish-speaking people in the United States. (A) found (B) founded (C) to found (D) founding 4. 空所補充問題 If the sun's energy output ----- by as little as five to seven percent, the result would be a global biological catastrophe. (A) were being to vary (B) been varying (C) would be varying (D) were to vary 5. 空所補充問題 "James" is ----- a common name that it identifies two English kings and five monarchs of Scotland. (A) so (B) such (C) very (D) much 6. 正誤問題 (A)Ever since the earliest (B)existing texts were set down, writers have always used (C)similes or metaphors to get a point (D)around. 7. 正誤問題 (A)The ceboid monkeys, (B)which include the marmosets and (C)tamarins, are native (D)of South and Central America. 8. 正誤問題 Sao Paulo and Rio de Janeiro are (A)Brazil's largest cities, (B)with populations of (C)over 17 million and 6 million, (D)respectfully. 9. 正誤問題 In (A)the early 19th century, Elizabeth Louise Vigee Le Brun (B)is one of the (C)most popular portrait painters in France (D)before the French Revolution. 10. 正誤問題 The (A)basis of kinship systems (B)is the concept of descent, (C)that begins (D)with the essential mother-child relationship. I-2 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題解答 (1) TOEIC 1. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 A clone refers to one or more offspring derived from a single ancestor, _______ genetic composition is identical to that of the ancestor. (A) such as (B) even if (C) because (D) whose 訳:クローンとは1人の祖先から生じた1人かそれ以上の子孫を言い、その遺伝子構成はその祖先と同一である。 ※正解(D)。《解説》だれのgenetic composition「遺伝子構成」であるかを空所に入れる語によって明らかにする。内容的には当然「クローンの遺伝子構成」ということになり、A cloneを先行詞として、関係代名詞のwhoseを非制限用法で用いればよい。refer to「〜を指して言う」、offspring「子孫」、ancestor「祖先」 《選択肢》(A) such as「〜のような」、(B) even if「たとえ〜でも」 2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 It was Mr. White _______ called this morning, he said he would call back around 3 p.m. (A) to be (B) that (C) what (D) to whom 訳:今朝、電話をかけてきたのはホワイト氏で3時ごろまたかけ直すと言っていました。 ※正解(B)。《解説》calledの主語は内容的にはMr. White以外にはない。そのことを踏まえて文の形を見れば、Mr. Whiteを強調したIt was 〜 that ...の強調構文であることが容易に見抜けるはずである。強調構文のthatは関係代名詞のthatとは違うので、混乱しないようにしたい。 3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 In olden times the total power _______ to mankind was little more than the muscular power of the workers. (A) applicable (B) formidable (C) suitable (D) available 訳:昔は人類が利用できる力の総量は労働者の筋力をほとんど上回るものではなかった。 ※正解(D)。《解説》the total power「総体的な力」を後ろから修飾する形容詞を選ぶ。選択肢の語はどれも-ableの接尾辞をもつが、-ableは動詞につけて形容詞を作り、「…できる, …に適するなど」の意味にする。ここでは(D) のavailable 「利用できる」を選ぶ。 《選択肢》(A) applicable「当てはまる」, (B) formidable「恐ろしい」, (C) suitable「適当な」 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Although the project was well-received by the management, it was later postponed _______ a lack of funding. (A) regardless of (B) due to (C) as for (D) so that 訳:その企画を経営陣は喜んで受理したが、後でそれは資金不足により先送りされた。 ※正解(B)。《解説》内容的にa lack of funding「資金不足」がit was later postponed「それは後に先送りされた」ことの理由になっている。したがって、空所には理由を表す群前置詞を置く。理由を表すのはdue to「〜のために」。 《選択肢》(A) regardless of「〜にもかかわらず」、(C) as for「〜に関して」 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 As manufacture becomes cheaper and less local, transport and labor costs have risen, and recycling has become _______ economic. (A) more (B) still (C) less (D) much 訳:生産のコストが安くなりその集中化が進むにつれ、輸送や労働のコストは上昇し、リサイクルはより経済的でなくなってきている。 ※正解(C)。《解説》接続詞のAsはここでは後ろに比較級の文を従えて、「〜するにつれて、ますます…である」という文を作っている。問題箇所は「ますます経済的になる (more economic) 」とするのか、「ますます経済的でなくなる (less economic) 」とするのか、文全体の内容からよく判断する。 《選択肢》(B) と (D) のstill, muchはいずれも比較級の強調に用いられる。 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 _______ sanctions and aid cuts by the United States, Japan and other countries, India conducted two more underground nuclear tests. (A) Despite (B) Although (C) Between (D) With 訳:合衆国や日本、その他の諸国による制裁や援助の削減にもかかわらず、インドはさらに2つの地下核実験を実施した。 ※正解(A)。《解説》内容的には譲歩の意味を表す語を入れることになるが、(A) を選んで譲歩の前置詞にするか、(B) を選んで譲歩の接続詞にするか、文の形からよく判断すること。sanctions and aid cuts by the United States, Japan and other countries「合衆国や日本、その他の諸国による制裁や援助の削減」は基本的には一つの名詞句であることを見れば、(A) のDespite 〜「〜にもかかわらず」が入る。 7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 _______ many more elderly parents to care for, more employees will face tough choices in deciding whether to move. (A) Because (B) Though (C) With (D) Among 訳:従業員のますます多くの者が、介護が必要な一層高齢の親を抱えて、転勤するかどうかの決定に厳しい選択を迫られることになるだろう。 ※正解(C)。《解説》to care for「介護を要する」はelderly parentsを後ろから修飾する形容詞用法の不定詞。したがって、many more elderly parents to care for全体で1つの名詞句であり、その前に前置詞を置いて、コンマ以下の主節につなげる。(C) のWithが入るが、「〜を抱えて」の意味。 《選択肢》(D) のAmong「〜の間に」も前置詞だが、内容的に合わない。 8. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 She has a --- knowledge of international politics. (A) broad (B) high (C) many (D) excellent 訳:彼女は国際政治に精通している。 ※正解(A)。(A) broad「広範囲に及ぶ、多様な」前にaがあるのでbroadを選ばなければならない。(D) excellent「優れた、すばらしい」 9. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 An Australian student was --- as an exchange student at our school. (A) acceptance (B) accepted (C) accessible (D) accepting 訳:オーストラリアの学生が一人、わが校に交換留学生として受け入れられた。 ※正解(B)。(A) acceptance「受納、受理」(B) accept「(〜を)受け入れる」受動態はwas accepted。(C) accessible「近づきやすい、到達できる」 10. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The police are making --- about the crime. (A) heed (B) inquiries (C) pursue (D) attention 訳:警察は、その犯罪の調査をしている。 ※正解(B)。make an inquiry (inquiries) about (into) ...「〜を調査する」(A) heed「(〜を)心に留める、(〜に)耳を傾ける」(B) inquiry「調査、質問」(C) pursue「(〜を)追い求める、追及する」 11. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 The new book, (A)which is (B)written by Tom Clancy, is (C)quite a (D)thrilling. 訳:その新書は、トム・クランシーによって書かれた、なかなかのスリラー小説です。 ※正解(D)。thrilling → thriller。(D) thrilling「わくわくさせる、スリル満点の」thriller「スリルを与える人(もの)、怪奇小説(劇・映画)」 12. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 (A)What country (B)is (C)house to the (D)Louvre museum? 訳:ルーブル美術館はどこの国にあるんですか。 ※正解(C)。house → home。(C) home「本場、本家、発祥地」(D) the Louvre museum「(パリの)ルーブル博物館」 13. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 My uncle (A)was (B)unwilling to agree (C)to my radical (D)suggests. 訳:おじはわたしの過激な提案には、進んで同意しようとはしなかった。 ※正解(D)。suggests → suggestion。agree [+ to + (代)名]「(申し出などに)応じる、同意する」radical「(人・思想など)急進的な、抜本的な」(D) suggest「(〜を)提案する」suggestion「提案(すること)、提言」 (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 Defined legally, a guardian is a person appointed by a court ----- another person, who is called a ward. (A) caring for (B) cared for (C) to care for (D) care for ※正解(C)。【解説】 a person who is appointed by a court to care for... のwho isが略されている。be appointed to... で「……するために任命される」の意味。guardian「後見人」。 2. 空所補充問題 It was in To Have and Have Not, the first movie Humphrey Bogart and Lauren Bacall starred in together, ----- Bacall uttered her famous line "If you need anything, just whistle." (A) that (B) where (C) which (D) who ※正解(A)。【解説】 空所の前のカンマに惑わされてはいけない。ここは関係代名詞whichではなく接続詞thatを用いる。この文はIt... that〜の強調構文である。 3. 空所補充問題 The League of United Latin American Citizens, ----- in 1929 in Texas, is an organization of Spanish-speaking people in the United States. (A) found (B) founded (C) to found (D) founding ※正解(B)。【解説】 The League「同盟、連盟」が発見されたのではなく、創設された(founded)のである。空所の前にwhich wasを補って考える。 4. 空所補充問題 If the sun's energy output ----- by as little as five to seven percent, the result would be a global biological catastrophe. (A) were being to vary (B) been varying (C) would be varying (D) were to vary ※正解(D)。【解説】 were being to varyとbeen varyingが空所に入らないのはすぐに分かるだろう。これは仮定法の文だがwould be varyingとvaryを進行形にする必要はない。were to ... で「もし……するとしたら」の意味になる。catastrophe「大惨事、大災害」。 5. 空所補充問題 "James" is ----- a common name that it identifies two English kings and five monarchs of Scotland. (A) so (B) such (C) very (D) much ※正解(B)。【解説】 冠詞aの前にveryとmuchは使えない。soも同様である。a common name that...で「とてもよくある名前なので……」の意味なる。 6. 正誤問題 (A)Ever since the earliest (B)existing texts were set down, writers have always used (C)similes or metaphors to get a point (D)around. ※正解(D)。【解説】 around → across。「(人に)分からせる、伝える」の意味にするにはaroundではなくacrossを用いる。simile「直喩」、metaphor「隠喩」。 7. 正誤問題 (A)The ceboid monkeys, (B)which include the marmosets and (C)tamarins, are native (D)of South and Central America. ※正解(D)。【解説】 of → to。冠詞The、関係代名詞whichと動詞includeの用法に問題はない。tamarins(サルの一種)の前に冠詞theは必要ない。be native to... で「……原産の」という意味。 8. 正誤問題 Sao Paulo and Rio de Janeiro are (A)Brazil's largest cities, (B)with populations of (C)over 17 million and 6 million, (D)respectfully. ※正解(D)。【解説】 respectfully → respectively。respectfullyは「うやうやしく」の意味。ここはrespectively「それぞれ」を使わなくては意味が通らない。 9. 正誤問題 In (A)the early 19th century, Elizabeth Louise Vigee Le Brun (B)is one of the (C)most popular portrait painters in France (D)before the French Revolution. ※正解(B)。【解説】 is → was。文頭にIn the early 19th century「19世紀初期において」があるので、isは過去形wasにしなくてはいけない。 10. 正誤問題 The (A)basis of kinship systems (B)is the concept of descent, (C)that begins (D)with the essential mother-child relationship. ※正解(C)。【解説】 that → which。isはこの文の主語basis「基礎(単数)」に呼応している。関係代名詞thatの前にカンマがあるので、ここはwhichを用いる。前置詞withに問題はない。kinship「親戚関係」。 II.時事英文 Vitamins (その12;15回シリーズ) Experts agree that everyone needs vitamins so that their bodies can operate normally. In general, a complete diet should provide all the vitamins a body needs in their natural form. In addition, many foods and food products now have extra vitamins and minerals added. Vitamin supplements Some people fear they do not get enough vitamins from the foods they eat. So they take products with large amounts of vitamins. They think these products, called vitamin supplements, will improve their health and protect against disease. Many adults now take vitamin supplements every day. III - a. 雑知識
III -b. 英語でどう言う? 〜を棚から取る take ~ off the shell 【例文】I took a jar of strawberry jam off the shelf. 〜をショッピングカートに入れる put ~ in the shopping cart 【例文】Mother put two tomatoes in the shopping cart in the produce section. 賞味期限を確認する Check the best-before date 【例文】I never fail to check the best-before date while grocery shopping. お釣りをもらう get one's change 【例文】I handed the cashier a ¥5,000 bill and got my change. III-c Phrases in the News 世界同時不況 global economic downturn ※The current global (economic) downturn has sent all overseas markets into retreat. ※現在の世界同時不況で海外(株式)市場がどこも下落した。 IV. Jokes a. The farmer takes a shortcut through his orchard to get to a nearby pond, carrying a bucket to bring back some fruit. Once he gets to the pond, he is surprised to see two girls skinny-dipping. They see him and immediately drop below the water. "We're not coming out until you leave!" shouts one of the girls. "I didn't come to watch you swim naked." Says the farmer, holding up the bucket. "I'm just here to feed the gators." b. Scientists have identified a food that, once digested, can have negative effects on people's health that last for decades, including mood-swings in women, psychotic episodes in men and severe depression in both. It's called wedding cake. c. Joe bought his mother-in-law a large plot in an expensive cemetery as a birthday gift. The next year, he bought her nothing. "Don't I deserve a present?" she moaned. "You haven't used the one I bought you last year." d. Two criminals were sentenced to die in the electric chair on the same day. The priest had given them both last rites and a formal speech had been given by the warden. The warden asked the first man, "Do you have a last request?" The man replied, "Yes, sir, I do. I love James Blunt. Could I please hear 'You're Beautiful' one last time?" "Of course." Replied the warden. He turned to the other man and asked, "What about you? What is your final request?" "Please," said the condemned man, "kill me first." |