資料No. : NS090805
I-1 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題 (1) TOEIC 1. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 A depleted ozone layer allows more UV-B radiation _______ Earth, harming human, animal, and plant life in many ways. (A) getting to (B) to reach (C) arrived on (D) to come 2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 It's a shame that we have to commute two hours _______ way in rush-hour traffic jams. (A) any (B) some (C) no (D) each 3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Tobacco smoke contains about 4,000 _______, including 200 known poisons. (A) chemicals (B) nutrition (C) obstacles (D) neutrons 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Temperatures have ranged from 43 to 50 across India over the past month, _______ the hottest summer in 50 years. (A) in making (B) made of (C) they made (D) making it 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Thirteen European countries have signed the first _______ international ban on human cloning as controversy over such experiments heats up. (A) bound (B) binding (C) bind (D) binder 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 A little thing to _______ about is that not many housewives are using the Internet. (A) be concerned (B) do concerning (C) do concerned (D) concernment 7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The pressures that now drive recycling come _______ from companies, but from governments and voters. (A) straight (B) all (C) not (D) anywhere 8. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The nursery school is --- for taking care of the children. (A) respectable (B) repetitive (C) responsible (D) reliable 9. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The doctor won't come --- I send for him. (A) if (B) while (C) due to (D) unless 10. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The intellectual --- of little children is quite rapid. (A) grew (B) grown (C) growth (D) grow 11. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 When I (A)called the hotel to (B)make (C)an appointment, I was told that no room was (D)available. 12. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 Amanda, (A)who is (B)usually a fine tennis (C)player, kept (D)miss the ball. 13. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 The (A)house (B)that I was born (C)at is (D)over 200 years old. (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 A large oak tree may shed ----- 700,000 leaves in a typical autumn season. (A) many (B) as many as (C) many as (D) as many 2. 空所補充問題 Foghorns were developed to replace cannons that were fired ----- at lighthouses during fogs to warn nearby ships. (A) hour on hour (B) on hour (C) hour-on (D) on the hour 3. 空所補充問題 Until -----, the typical household shampoo consisted of harsh lye soap softened with eggs, beer, milk or other common kitchen items. (A) late the 19th century (B) in late 19th century (C) the late 19th century (D) 19th century the late 4. 空所補充問題 Before the invention of the adhesive bandage in the 1920s, cotton cloth ----- to be taped to wounds or tied around body parts to form bandages. (A) have (B) having (C) has (D) had 5. 空所補充問題 The right whale ----- because whalers in the north Atlantic considered it to be the 'right' whale to harvest for oil. (A) so it was named (B) was so named (C) named it so (D) naming so it 6. 正誤問題 (A)The cassava plant (B)yields a nourishing, starchy fruit (C)that can be (D)substituted potatoes or bread. 7. 正誤問題 If a match (A)struck in a (B)weightless environment, the (C)resulting flame would form (D)a spherical shape. 8. 正誤問題 (A)Fertilizer can cut agricultural costs and (B)boosting production when (C)it is used properly, but improper use is (D)a major source of pollution. 9. 正誤問題 One view of economics (A)is that it is the practice of (B)developing theories to explain (C)how goods and services are produced and distributed, (D)generated wealth. 10. 正誤問題 (A)Although the term 'aborigine' is used to identify the native inhabitants of Australia, it can (B)also be used to mean the (C)origin or native inhabitants of (D)any country. I-2 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題解答 (1) TOEIC 1. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 A depleted ozone layer allows more UV-B radiation _______ Earth, harming human, animal, and plant life in many ways. (A) getting to (B) to reach (C) arrived on (D) to come 訳:オゾン層の破壊により、より多くの紫外線Bが地球に降り注ぎ、人や動植物にいろいろな害を与えている。 ※正解(B)。《解説》allowという動詞の用法がポイント。「allow+O+to do」で「Oが〜するのを許す」という意味になる。したがって、(B) が答えだが、A depleted ozone layer「オゾン層の破壊」がmore UV-B radiation 「より多くの紫外線B」を「地球に到達させる」と言っている。 《選択肢》(A) はgettingと現在分詞であるところが誤り。 2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 It's a shame that we have to commute two hours _______ way in rush-hour traffic jams. (A) any (B) some (C) no (D) each 訳:ラッシュアワーの交通渋滞の中を片道2時間かけて通勤しなければならないとはひどいことだ。 ※正解(D)。《解説》any, some, noのいずれも後ろに単数名詞、複数名詞の両方をとることが可能であるが、eachは単数名詞しかとることができない。ここではtwo hours each wayで「片道2時間」の意味。commuteは「通勤する」、traffic jamsは「交通渋滞」。 3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Tobacco smoke contains about 4,000 _______, including 200 known poisons. (A) chemicals (B) nutrition (C) obstacles (D) neutrons 訳:タバコの煙は約4000ほどの化学物質を含んでいるが、そのうち200は毒性物質として知られている。 ※正解(A)。《解説》containもincludeも「〜を含む」の意味。ただし、containは あるものを内容の全体として含む場合に、includeはある物を内容の一部として含む場合に用いられる。ここではタバコがその中に4000もの何を入れているかを考えるが、答えは複数名詞になる。 《選択肢》(A) chemicals「化学物質」、(B) nutrition「栄養(物)」、(C) obstacles「障害(物)」、(D) neutrons「中性子」 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Temperatures have ranged from 43 to 50 across India over the past month, _______ the hottest summer in 50 years. (A) in making (B) made of (C) they made (D) making it 訳:インド中でこの1か月の間、気温が43度から50度にもなり、50年ぶりの暑さとなった。 ※正解(D)。《解説》コンマの後の語句とその前の文とを何らかの形で接続しなければならない。選択肢には接続詞はないから、どうやら (D) を選んで分詞構文でつなぐことになる。making it the hottest summerは「一番暑い夏にして」の意味。itは漠然と天気状況を指している。 《選択肢》(A) in making 〜「〜を作る際に」、(B) made of 〜「〜からできて(いる)」 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Thirteen European countries have signed the first _______ international ban on human cloning as controversy over such experiments heats up. (A) bound (B) binding (C) bind (D) binder 訳:ヨーロッパでは13か国が、そのような実験をめぐる議論が高まる中で、人間のクローンを禁止する最初の拘束力をもつ国際的な条約に署名した。 ※正解(B)。《解説》選択肢を見ると、いずれもbind「〜を縛る、拘束する」の活用形、ないし派生語である。ここではinternational ban「国際的な禁止」という名詞句を修飾するのであるから形容詞形、ないしその機能をもつものを選べばよい。(A) のboundは過去分詞で「拘束された」の受け身の意味。(B) のbindingは現在分詞が形容詞化した語で、「拘束力のある」の意味。 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 A little thing to _______ about is that not many housewives are using the Internet. (A) be concerned (B) do concerning (C) do concerned (D) concernment 訳:インターネットを利用している主婦は多くないということは少し懸念しておかなければならない。 ※正解(A)。《解説》concernはbe concerned about 〜で「〜を心配する、懸念する」の意味になる(= be anxious about)。ここではto不定詞の形容詞的用法でA little thing「ささやかなこと」を後ろから修飾している。 《選択肢》concernment「心配、関係、重要性」 7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The pressures that now drive recycling come _______ from companies, but from governments and voters. (A) straight (B) all (C) not (D) anywhere 訳:今ではリサイクルを促す圧力は、企業からではなく、行政や投票者から来る。 ※正解(C)。《解説》文の内容はリサイクル運動に駆り立てる圧力はどこから来るかということ。ポイントは接続詞のbutで、from companiesとfrom governments and votersとがbutを用いた相関表現の中で対比的に述べられている。結論は (C) を選んで、not 〜 but ...「〜ではなくて…」の形にする。 《選択肢》straight「真っすぐに」、anywhere「どこかに」 8. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The nursery school is --- for taking care of the children. (A) respectable (B) repetitive (C) responsible (D) reliable 訳:その保育園には、子どもたちの面倒を見る責任がある。 ※正解(C)。nursery school「保育園」(A) respectable「尊敬すべき」(B) repetitive「反復する、くどい」(C) be responsible for「〜に責任がある」(D) reliable「信頼できる、頼もしい」 9. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The doctor won't come --- I send for him. (A) if (B) while (C) due to (D) unless 訳:迎えに行かなければ、医者は来てくれない。 ※正解(D)。(c) due to ...「〜の原因によって、〜のために」(d) unless [= if not] ...「〜でない限り、 10. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The intellectual --- of little children is quite rapid. (A) grew (B) grown (C) growth (D) grow 訳:幼い子どもの知能の発達は非常に速い。 ※正解(C)。(C) growth「成長、発育」 11. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 When I (A)called the hotel to (B)make (C)an appointment, I was told that no room was (D)available. 訳:予約をしようとホテルに電話をしたが、空室はないと言われた。 ※正解(C)。an appointment → a reservation。(C) appointment「(日時、場所を決めての会合・訪問・診察などの)約束、予約」reservation「予約席(室)」「(列車・ホテルなどの)予約、指定」(D) available「(すぐに)利用できる」 12. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 Amanda, (A)who is (B)usually a fine tennis (C)player, kept (D)miss the ball. 訳:アマンダは、普段は素晴らしいテニス・プレイヤーなのだが、ミスばかりしていた。 ※正解(D)。miss → missing。 [ヒント] keep [+ ing]「ずっと(〜し)続ける」 13. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 The (A)house (B)that I was born (C)at is (D)over 200 years old. 訳:わたしの生まれた家は、築200年以上になる。 ※正解(C)。at → in。(C)「〜で生まれる」be born in ... (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 A large oak tree may shed ----- 700,000 leaves in a typical autumn season. (A) many (B) as many as (C) many as (D) as many ※正解(B)。【解説】 manyの後に数字700,000が来るはずがない。また、many as、as manyだけでは文が繋がらない。as many as... で「……もの数の」という意味になる。 2. 空所補充問題 Foghorns were developed to replace cannons that were fired ----- at lighthouses during fogs to warn nearby ships. (A) hour on hour (B) on hour (C) hour-on (D) on the hour ※正解(D)。【解説】 hour on hour、on hour、hour-onという言い方はない。on the hourで「(毎)正時に」の意味になる。foghorn「霧中号笛、霧笛」。 3. 空所補充問題 Until -----, the typical household shampoo consisted of harsh lye soap softened with eggs, beer, milk or other common kitchen items. (A) late the 19th century (B) in late 19th century (C) the late 19th century (D) 19th century the late ※正解(C)。【解説】 untilの後に前置詞inが来ることはないので(B)は不可。lateの位置が問題となる。the late 19th centuryで「19世紀末」の意味になる。lye「アルカリ液」。 4. 空所補充問題 Before the invention of the adhesive bandage in the 1920s, cotton cloth ----- to be taped to wounds or tied around body parts to form bandages. (A) have (B) having (C) has (D) had ※正解(D)。【解説】 1920年代以前のことについて語っているので、過去形hadが正解となる。adhesive bandage「絆創膏」。 5. 空所補充問題 The right whale ----- because whalers in the north Atlantic considered it to be the 'right' whale to harvest for oil. (A) so it was named (B) was so named (C) named it so (D) naming so it ※正解(B)。【解説】 セミクジラ(right whale)の名前の由来に関する説明である。(B) was so namedを空所に入れると、「right whaleという名前が付けられたのは」の意味になり、because以下の文と繋がる。 6. 正誤問題 (A)The cassava plant (B)yields a nourishing, starchy fruit (C)that can be (D)substituted potatoes or bread. ※正解(D)。【解説】 substituted → substituted for。冠詞the、動詞yields「産する、生じる」、関係代名詞thatの用法に問題はない。be substituted for... で「……の代わりになる」の意味になるので、forが必要になる。 7. 正誤問題 If a match (A)struck in a (B)weightless environment, the (C)resulting flame would form (D)a spherical shape. ※正解(A)。【解説】 struck → were struck。strike a match「マッチをする」からわかるように、a matchを主語にした場合には、受け身になりbe動詞が必要。ここは仮定法なので、were struckとなる。 8. 正誤問題 (A)Fertilizer can cut agricultural costs and (B)boosting production when (C)it is used properly, but improper use is (D)a major source of pollution. ※正解(B)。【解説】 boosting → boost。fertilizer「肥料」は不可算名詞。boostingはcutと同様canの後に続く動詞である。したがって、ingを取ってboostとしなければ文が成立しない。itはfertilizerを指す。source「原因」は可算名詞なので、冠詞aに問題はない。 9. 正誤問題 One view of economics (A)is that it is the practice of (B)developing theories to explain (C)how goods and services are produced and distributed, (D)generated wealth. ※正解(D)。【解説】 generate → generating。isはOne viewに呼応している。前置詞ofの後の動名詞developing、how goods... に問題はない。produced、distributedと過去分詞が並んでいるが、generatedをgenerating wealth「富を生み出す(分詞構文)」としなければ文が成り立たない。 10. 正誤問題 (A)Although the term 'aborigine' is used to identify the native inhabitants of Australia, it can (B)also be used to mean the (C)origin or native inhabitants of (D)any country. ※正解(C)。【解説】 origin → original。originはnativeと同様にinhabitantsを修飾する形容詞である。したがって、形容詞形originalを使わなくてはいけない。inhabitant「住民」。 II.時事英文 Vitamins (その11;15回シリーズ) Vitamin D prevents the children's bone disease rickets. Ultraviolet light from the sun changes a substance in the skin into vitamin D. Fish liver oil also contains vitamin D. In some countries, milk producers add vitamin D to milk so children will get enough. Vitamin K is needed for healthy blood. It thickens the blood around a cut to stop bleeding. Bacteria in the intestines normally produce vitamin K. It can also be found in pork products, liver and in vegetables like cabbage, kale and spinach. III - a. 雑知識
III -b. 英語でどう言う? 庭にバラを植える plant roses in the garden 【例文】My children helped me plant roses in the garden. 植え木に水をやる water the plants 【例文】It is my grandfather's job to water the plants every other day. 雑草を取る weed 【例文】It took us two hours to weed the garden in this park. 芝刈りをする mow the lawn 【例文】Can I ask you to mow the lawn this afternoon? III-c Phrases in the News 景気刺激策 economic pump-priming measures ※Japan's 2009 public spending on economic pump-priming measures will account for 1.4 percent of the country's GDP. ※2009年度、景気対策としての日本の財政支出は、GDPの1.4パーセントになるだろう。 IV. Jokes a. Many senior executives find talking with management consaltants an invaluable experience. My friend, a no-nonsense businessman who works for a large firm, is not one of them. Halfway through their meeting and noting my friend's terse answers, the consultant asked, "How do you cope with managerial stress?" "I don't," came the gruff reply. "I cause it." b. A colleague's band performed in a park before an audience that gradually dwindled down to one lone man. After pounding out more songs, one of the tired musicians finally suggested to the music lover that if he left, they could all go home. "Do whatever you want," said the man. "I'm waiting around so I can put away the chairs." c. A computer geek is crossing the road when he sees a frog who starts talking. "If you kiss me," the frog says, "I'll turn into a beautiful princess, stay with you for a wek and do whatever you want." The guy smiles and pockets the frog. "Did you hear me?" asks the frog. "A beautiful princess? For a week?" "Look," says the nerd, "I haven't got time for a girlfriend. But a talking frog - now that's cool." d. Dave can't get to sleep because of the constant barking of his neighbor's new dog. Furious, he storms out of the house in the dead of the night. Returning to bed several minutes later, he gleefully tells his wife, "I've kidnapped the noisy mutt and tied him up in our garden. See how the bloody like it!" |