資料No. : NS090722
I-1 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題 (1) TOEIC 1. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 They set such a high quota that _______ of the workers could meet the standards. (A) most (B) a lot (C) all (D) none 2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Many AIDS experts voiced skepticism _______ the vaccine would actually prevent HIV infection in very many people. (A) about whether (B) on which (C) only because (D) in case 3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 _______ of cultural differences, what is your take on those computer software commercials that came in from the U.S.? (A) Spoken (B) Speaking (C) In speech (D) The speech 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 If Miss Green _______ me some notice, I could have prepared the room for her arrival. (A) would give (B) had given (C) has given (D) gave 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 To my regret, not only Mr. Wilson but also his boss _______ on a business trip then. (A) were (B) had been (C) has been (D) was 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Like the tropical forests _______ they are frequently compared, reefs are repositories of vast biological wealth. (A) to which (B) in order (C) with that (D) in which 7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 She _______ that she had forgotten to mail the letters. (A) permitted (B) admitted (C) attempted (D) acquitted 8. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 I am practicing writing --- a word processor. (A) in (B) through (C) by (D) on 9. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 She seems to be --- with her daughter-in-law. (A) at odds (B) at an odd (C) to odds (D) on odds 10. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Study hard for the exam in order not to take ---. (A) a following test (B) a make-up (C) a make-up test (D) a sham test 11. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 We (A)rented a (B)video and watched the (C)romantic movie time after (D)times. 12. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 My father (A)gave up (B)smoking after having (C)smoking for 28 (D)years. 13. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 What (A)animal is (B)big, gray and (C)had a (D)very long nose? (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 Biometrics is the science of ----- the physical characteristics of an organism, such as the facial characteristics of a human being. (A) measured (B) measure (C) measuring (D) to measure 2. 空所補充問題 Physicists ----- the inner workings of the atom for about a century. (A) are trying to uncover (B) have to uncover it to try (C) trying to be uncovering (D) have been trying to uncover 3. 空所補充問題 Art Nouveau was an ornamental style of artistic expression that reached its peak of popularity ----- 1890 and 1910. (A) between (B) beside (C) from (D) through 4. 空所補充問題 French chemists Marie and Pierre Curie were the first scientists to isolate radium in its ----- form. (A) purifies (B) purity (C) purely (D) purest 5. 空所補充問題 Some of the most prominent Impressionist painters of the 19th century were greatly ----- used in Japanese woodblock prints. (A) from the influence of the perspective (B) influenced by the perspective (C) the influence by the perspective (D) influencing for the perspective 6. 正誤問題 Kidnapping is defined (A)as taking a person away (B)contrary his (C)or her own will by force, (D)fraud or intimidation. 7. 正誤問題 Several types of fungi (A)are capable (B)to produce (C)the fuzzy growth (D)known as mold. 8. 正誤問題 The ways (A)in which organisms interact (B)with the environment (C)helps determine how a (D)given ecosystem functions. 9. 正誤問題 In the U.S. Navy, the flag officer is a (A)hierarchical category (B)that includes the (C)high five officer (D)grades. 10. 正誤問題 Precious gems (A)such as diamonds can be marked (B)with microscopic identification labels (C)indicate (D)where they originated. I-2 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題解答 (1) TOEIC 1. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 They set such a high quota that _______ of the workers could meet the standards. (A) most (B) a lot (C) all (D) none 訳:非常に高い割り当てを与えられて、労働者は1人もその基準を満たすことができなかった。 ※正解(D)。《解説》such 〜 that ...「とても〜なので、…」に注意して文の意味をしっかり押さえること。a high quotaは「高い割り当て」、meet the standardsは「基準を満たす」。「高い割り当てなので、だれも基準を満たせない」という意味にするのが自然。none of the workers 〜は「労働者の1人として〜しない」の全否定の表現。 2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Many AIDS experts voiced skepticism _______ the vaccine would actually prevent HIV infection in very many people. (A) about whether (B) on which (C) only because (D) in case 訳:多くのエイズの専門家がそのワクチンに対して、実際に多くの人々のHIV感染を防ぐことができるかどうか疑問を投げかけた。 ※正解(A)。《解説》skepticism「懐疑」に着目して、「〜かどうか懐疑を表明した」の意味で文を作る。Aを選ぶことになるが、whetherはaboutの目的語になる名詞節を作る接続詞。vaccine「ワクチン」、HIV infection「HIV(ウィルスによる)感染」 《選択肢》(C) のonly becauseは「ただ〜のために」、(D) のin caseは「〜の場合に」の意味。 3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 _______ of cultural differences, what is your take on those computer software commercials that came in from the U.S.? (A) Spoken (B) Speaking (C) In speech (D) The speech 訳:文化の違いと言えば、アメリカから来た例のコンピュータ・ソフトウェアのコマーシャルをあなたはどう思いますか。 ※正解(B)。《解説》慣用的な独立分詞構文の問題。ここで「文化の違い (cultural differences) と言えば、…」と冒頭の部分で話題を提示している。(B) を選んでSpeaking of 〜とする。なお、Talking of 〜と言っても同じ。your take on 〜は「〜に対するあなたの受け取り方(口語)」。慣用句としては、Strictly speaking「厳密に言えば」、 Frankly speaking「率直に言えば」などもよく見る表現。 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 If Miss Green _______ me some notice, I could have prepared the room for her arrival. (A) would give (B) had given (C) has given (D) gave 訳:もしグリーンさんが来ることを知らせてくれていたなら、私は彼女に部屋を用意しておくことができただろう。 ※正解(B)。《解説》過去の事実に反することを仮定して言う仮定法過去完了の文。主節はI could have prepared the room for 〜「私は〜のために部屋を用意しておくことができただろう」と仮定法過去完了なので、If節もこれに合わせて「had+過去分詞」の形で作る。 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 To my regret, not only Mr. Wilson but also his boss _______ on a business trip then. (A) were (B) had been (C) has been (D) was 訳:残念なことに、ウィルソン氏だけでなく、彼の上司までもが、そのとき出張中であった。 ※正解(D)。《解説》相関接続詞not only A but also B「AだけでなくBもまた」の構文では、これが主語に来た場合、動詞はBに一致させる。Bにあたるのは、ここではhis boss「彼の上司」で単数名詞である。なお、then「そのとき」があるので、時制は過去形が適当で、(B) や (C) の完了時制は不適当。 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Like the tropical forests _______ they are frequently compared, reefs are repositories of vast biological wealth. (A) to which (B) in order (C) with that (D) in which 訳:よく比較される熱帯の森林のように、珊瑚礁はおびただしい生物の宝庫である。 ※正解(A)。《解説》comparedはbe compared to[with] 〜の形で「〜と比較される」の意味になる。the tropical forests「熱帯の森林」を先行詞とする関係代名詞を空所に入れることになるが、この場合compared につく前置詞(toないしwith)が関係代名詞の前に場所を移す形になる。 《選択肢》 (C) は関係詞のthatはその前に前置詞を置くことはできないので誤り。 7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 She _______ that she had forgotten to mail the letters. (A) permitted (B) admitted (C) attempted (D) acquitted 訳:彼女は手紙を出すのを忘れたことを認めました。 ※正解(B)。「認める」の意味の動詞を選びます。parmit は「許可する」。attempt は「試みる」。acquit は「釈放する」。admit は通例自分に都合の悪いことをしぶしぶ認めるような場合に用いられます。 8. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 I am practicing writing --- a word processor. (A) in (B) through (C) by (D) on 訳:ワープロで書く練習をしている。 ※正解(D)。(D) on「〜を用いて(道具・手段)」 9. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 She seems to be --- with her daughter-in-law. (A) at odds (B) at an odd (C) to odds (D) on odds 訳:彼女は嫁と不仲のようだ。 ※正解(A)。daughter-in-law「息子の妻、嫁」(A) be at odds with …「〜と不和で、争って」 10. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Study hard for the exam in order not to take ---. (A) a following test (B) a make-up (C) a make-up test (D) a sham test 訳:追試験を受けなくてもいいように、試験勉強を一生懸命しなさい。 ※正解(B)。(B) a make-up [口語]「追(再)試験」[(D) a sham test「模擬テスト」 11. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 We (A)rented a (B)video and watched the (C)romantic movie time after (D)times. 訳:わたしたちはビデオを借りて、そのロマンティックな映画を繰り返し見た。 ※正解(D)。times → time(D) time after time「再三再四」 12. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 My father (A)gave up (B)smoking after having (C)smoking for 28 (D)years. 訳:父は28年間喫煙していたが、(ようやく)タバコをやめた。 ※正解(C)。smoking → smoked。[ヒント]完了形「have +過去分詞」 13. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 What (A)animal is (B)big, gray and (C)had a (D)very long nose? 訳:大きくて灰色で、お鼻の長い動物ってなーんだ? ※正解(C)。had → has。[ヒント]主語(三人称単数)に呼応する動詞の形。 (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 Biometrics is the science of ----- the physical characteristics of an organism, such as the facial characteristics of a human being. (A) measured (B) measure (C) measuring (D) to measure ※正解(C)。【解説】 空所の前に前置詞ofがあり、後に名詞句the physical characteristicsが来ているいる。したがって、(C)measuring(動名詞)が正解となる。 2. 空所補充問題 Physicists ----- the inner workings of the atom for about a century. (A) are trying to uncover (B) have to uncover it to try (C) trying to be uncovering (D) have been trying to uncover ※正解(D)。【解説】 空所の後には動詞がないので(C)は不可。文の最後に期間を表すfor about a centuryが使われているので、正解は現在完了進行形(ずっと〜してきている)の(D)である。 3. 空所補充問題 Art Nouveau was an ornamental style of artistic expression that reached its peak of popularity ----- 1890 and 1910. (A) between (B) beside (C) from (D) through ※正解(A)。【解説】 空所の後にandがあることから分かるように正解は(A)のbetweenである。 4. 空所補充問題 French chemists Marie and Pierre Curie were the first scientists to isolate radium in its ----- form. (A) purifies (B) purity (C) purely (D) purest ※正解(D)。【解説】 空所の前後には所有代名詞itsと名詞formがあるので、動詞purifies「浄化する」、名詞purity、副詞purelyは使えない。正解は形容詞(最上級)の(D) purestである。 5. 空所補充問題 Some of the most prominent Impressionist painters of the 19th century were greatly ----- used in Japanese woodblock prints. (A) from the influence of the perspective (B) influenced by the perspective (C) the influence by the perspective (D) influencing for the perspective ※正解(B)。【解説】 「〜から影響を受けた」という意味を表すには語順にすればいいか。from the influence of the perspectiveやthe influence by the perspectiveではそのような意味にはならない。influencing ... と進行形では影響を与えたことになる。正解は(B)である。the perspectiveの後にthat/which wasを補って考える。 6. 正誤問題 Kidnapping is defined (A)as taking a person away (B)contrary his (C)or her own will by force, (D)fraud or intimidation. ※正解(B)。【解説】 contrary → contrary to / against。be defined as ... 「 ... として定義される」。contraryの後に前置詞toがなければ「 ... に反して」の意味にはならない。また、contraryの代わりにagainstを用いてもいい。orとfraud「詐欺、不正手段」に問題はない。intimidation「脅迫」。 7. 正誤問題 Several types of fungi (A)are capable (B)to produce (C)the fuzzy growth (D)known as mold. ※正解(B)。【解説】 to produce → of producing。capableの用法に注目。be capable of ... で「 ... することができる、能力がある」の意味になる。したがって、ここでは ... capable of producingとなる。 8. 正誤問題 The ways (A)in which organisms interact (B)with the environment (C)helps determine how a (D)given ecosystem functions. ※正解(C)。【解説】 helps → help。helpsはこの英文の動詞である。主語はThe waysと複数になっているので、helpsのsは必要ない。ecosystem「生態系」。 9. 正誤問題 In the U.S. Navy, the flag officer is a (A)hierarchical category (B)that includes the (C)high five officer (D)grades. ※正解(C)。【解説】 high → top。hierarchical「階級組織の」、関係代名詞thatの用法に問題はない。「上位の、上の(階級)」という場合にはhighではなくtopを用いる。grades「階級」。 10. 正誤問題 Precious gems (A)such as diamonds can be marked (B)with microscopic identification labels (C)indicate (D)where they originated. ※正解(C)。【解説】 indicate → indicating。such asと前置詞withの用法に問題はない。この文の動詞部はcan be marked ... である。したがって、indicateのままでは動詞がダブルことになる。ここは分詞indicatingかthat/which indicatesを用いなくてはいけない。where they originated「どこで取れたのか」。 II.時事英文 Vitamins (その10;15回シリーズ) Vitamin C is needed for strong bones and teeth, and for healthy blood passages. It also helps wounds heal quickly. The body stores little vitamin C. So we must get it every day in foods such as citrus fruits, tomatoes and uncooked cabbage. Vitamin D increases levels of the element calcium in the blood. Calcium is needed for nerve and muscle cells to work normally. It also is needed to build strong bones. III - a. 雑知識
III -b. 英語でどう言う? 寝違える get a crick while sleeping 【例文】It feels like I got a crick in my neck while sleeping. 寝坊する oversllep 【例文】My son overslept and was late for school this morning. 寝ぼける be half-asleep 【例文】I did not understand what had happened because I was half-asleep. 髪に寝ぐせがつく one's hair gets messed up in one's sleep 【例文】My hair easily gets messed up in my sleep. III-c Phrases in the News 輸出主導型経済 export-driven economy ※China's reforms should focus on transforming the country's export-driven economy to one led by domestic demand. ※中国は経済政策において、輸出主導型経済から内需重視型経済への転換に的を絞る必要がある。 IV. Jokes a. It's a good thing my mother-in-law has a sense of humor. During a vacation, we were driving past the Dinosaur National Monument in eastern Utah, and she said, "I haven't been there since I was a little girl. I wonder how much it's changed." "It's no longer a zoo," I quipped. "Now it's a museum." b. My brother, about to go abroad soon, was preparing his travel documents at his office. Unfortunately, he had left his passport at home so I had to read his details to him over the phone. "Date of expiry is 14-07-2010," I told him. "Great, thanks," he said, then added, "Hang on … Is that in the month/date format or the date/month format?" c. Halfway through my train journey, the engine fell silent. "I've got good news and bad news," the conductor announced. "The bad news is we lost power." My fellow passengers groaned. "The good news," he added, "is we weren't cruising at 30,000 feet." d. Overheard at a friend's wedding: Guy guest 1: "A man never knows what true happiness is until he gets married." Guy guest 2: "Yeah, but by then it's too late." e. A hot red convertible sports car with an equally hot woman driver raced by. My husband and his friend stopped to stare. "Wow,2 sighed my husband. "Nice." "Yeah," agreed his mate, transfixed. "What color was the car?" I asked. They answered simultaneously, "Blonde." f. I was playing a game of Trivial Pursuit with some friends and family. My team was asked, "In Roman religion, who was the chief goddess and wife of Jupiter?" Everyone else looked blank. "Juno?" I ventured. My grandmother shrugged her shoulders and shook her head. "No," she said. "I haven't got a clue." g. As I stripped off my sweatshirt at the breakfast table one warm morning, my T-shirt came off as well. At that moment, my husband let out a low whistle. I took it a s a compliment until he said, from behind his newspaper, "Can you believe the price of bananas?" |