資料No. : NS090715
I-1 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題 (1) TOEIC 1. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 It _______ be better if you transfer the funds directly to our bank. (A) could (B) might (C) shall (D) perhaps 2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 This is to _______ you that our Nagoya office will open in May. (A) impress (B) announce (C) inform (D) address 3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 One of the biggest problems is the _______ of sufficient funding. (A) lack (B) desire (C) amount (D) needing 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Margaret could not meet Mr. Smith at the station, so she _______ to the office instead. (A) has never been (B) has been (C) had not gone (D) had to go 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 You can count on John as a _______ spokesman for labor in the wage-raise negotiations. (A) season (B) seasonable (C) seasoned (D) seasonal 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 James rushed off to the sales meeting in _______ a hurry he forgot his documents. (A) such (B) that (C) order (D) what 7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The trouble with the computer will be solved only _______ we install a new hard disk. (A) that (B) though (C) if (D) what 8. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 In his twenties, he used to read a little --- before going to bed. (A) poets (B) poetry (C) poems (D) verses 9. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Her grandfather has --- antiques. (A) an eye toward (B) eyes fof (C) eyes of (D) an eye for 10. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 I gave him --- to use my car on this coming Sunday. (A) permission (B) permissions (C) a permission (D) one of permissions 11. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 I (A)usually fall (B)asleep (C)when I listen to (D)classic music. 12. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 We (A)are writing to (B)informing you that you have (C)won $500,000 (D)in the Spanish National Lottery. 13. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 If you (A)compare the two cameras, you will (B)see that (C)our is the (D)better by far. (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 The boll weevil is an agricultural pest ----- can have a devastating effect on agriculture, especially cotton crops. (A) it (B) what (C) that (D) they 2. 空所補充問題 In most cultures, special laws that apply only to crimes committed by children and young teens -----. (A) have been established (B) being established have (C) having been established (D) have established being 3. 空所補充問題 ----- a water-dwelling dinosaur-like 'monster' lives in the Scottish lake of Loch Ness. (A) That some believing it (B) That some believe it (C) That it is believed by some (D) It is believed by some that 4. 空所補充問題 The Chicago Daily News was founded in 1876 by Elijah Melville Stone, who was one of the greatest newspaper reporters and editors ----- time. (A) to the (B) of his (C) onto its (D) at our 5. 空所補充問題 In addition to his other achievements, Edgar Allen Poe is known ----- the first master of the short story format. (A) for (B) as (C) from (D) with 6. 正誤問題 (A)Not all citizens of a country are (B)ordinary allowed (C)to cast ballots (D)in general elections. 7. 正誤問題 Luzon is the (A)largest of the Philippine islands, and (B)features an irregular coastline (C)that (D)include the well-sheltered Manila Bay. 8. 正誤問題 In poetry, (A)meter refers to the pattern (B)formed by the rhythms (C)created when the words are spoken or (D)sang. 9. 正誤問題 Droughts and water shortages have been (A)a part of life in the southwestern United States (B)every since Europeans (C)first began to settle (D)there. 10. 正誤問題 Optical distortions of light (A)passing through the atmosphere can (B)lead to a discrepancy (C)between the apparent position of a star and (D)their true position. I-2 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題解答 (1) TOEIC 1. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 It _______ be better if you transfer the funds directly to our bank. (A) could (B) might (C) shall (D) perhaps 訳:資金を直接当行に移しかえていただいた方が良いかもしれません。 ※正解(B)。まず、perhaps は副詞であるので、ここには入らない(後ろに原形の be があるので)ことを理解したい。後は意味上どれが一番適切かを判断するしかありません。 2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 This is to _______ you that our Nagoya office will open in May. (A) impress (B) announce (C) inform (D) address 訳:当社名古屋支店が 5 月に開店することをお知らせいたします。 ※正解(C)。impress と address は意味上不自然。announce は announce that ... の形をとるか、または announce the opening of ... の形であれば可。inform は動詞+目的語+ that ... の形をとることができる。 3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 One of the biggest problems is the _______ of sufficient funding. (A) lack (B) desire (C) amount (D) needing 訳:最大の問題のひとつは充分な資金の不足です。 ※正解(A)。「不足」の意味になるものは lack しかありません。desire は「欲求」、amount は「量」、needing については、need だけであれば、in need of ... の形で、「…を必要としている」という意味があります。 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Margaret could not meet Mr. Smith at the station, so she _______ to the office instead. (A) has never been (B) has been (C) had not gone (D) had to go 訳:マーガレットは駅でスミス氏に会うことができなかったので、代わりにオフィスまで行かなければならなかった。 ※正解(D)。《解説》「駅で会うことができなかったので、その代わりに〜」という内容をよく留意して、空所に入れる語を選ぶこと。(D) を選べば「代わりにオフィスまで行かなければならなかった」という意味になり適当。 《選択肢》(A) の has never been (to 〜)は「(〜へ)行ったことがない」、(B) の has been (to 〜)は「(〜へ)行ったことがある」 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 You can count on John as a _______ spokesman for labor in the wage-raise negotiations. (A) season (B) seasonable (C) seasoned (D) seasonal 訳:賃上げ交渉の際、労働者側の経験豊かな代弁者としてあなたがたはジョンを頼りにできる。 ※正解(C)。《解説》空所に入れる語でspokesman「代弁者」を修飾させて名詞句を作ることになる。すなわち、count on John as 〜(名詞句)で「ジョンを〜として頼りにする」という表現を完成させる。(C) のseasonedは「経験豊かな、熟した」という意味の形容詞。 《選択肢》seasonable「(天候)季節にふさわしい」, seasonal「季節的な」 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 James rushed off to the sales meeting in _______ a hurry he forgot his documents. (A) such (B) that (C) order (D) what 訳:ジェームズはあまりに急いで営業会議に出かけたので、書類を忘れてきた。 ※正解(A)。《解説》James rushed off to the sales meeting「ジェームズは急いで営業会議に出かけた」という文とhe forgot his documents「ジェームズは書類を忘れた」という2つの文をうまく結べるかどうか。suchを選んで、such 〜 that ...「あまりにも〜なので…」の相関表現(thatはhurryとheの間で省略)を作れば、内容的にも適当である。 《選択肢》in order (that) 「(that以下)のために」 7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The trouble with the computer will be solved only _______ we install a new hard disk. (A) that (B) though (C) if (D) what 訳:そのコンピュータのトラブルは、新しいハードディスクを入れない限り解決しない。 ※正解(C)。《解説》The trouble with the computer「コンピュータのトラブル」が主語。installは「(装置など)を取り付ける」の意味。only ifは「〜する場合だけ」の意味。すなわち、「〜をinstallする場合だけ解決される→〜しない限り解決しない」という内容の文となる。なお、if only 〜「〜しさえすれば」と混同しないこと。 8. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 In his twenties, he used to read a little --- before going to bed. (A) poets (B) poetry (C) poems (D) verses 訳:彼は二十代のころ、よく寝る前に少しばかり詩を読んだ。 ※正解(B)。(A) poet「詩人」(B) poetry「(文学の一形式としての)詩、(集合的に)詩」(C) poem「詩」(D) verse「韻文、(集合的に)詩歌」「詩の一行」a littleは不可算名詞(数えられない名詞)に用いる。 9. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Her grandfather has --- antiques. (A) an eye toward (B) eyes fof (C) eyes of (D) an eye for 訳:彼女の祖父は、骨董品を見る目がある。 ※正解(D)。(D) have an eye for ...「〜を見る目がある」an eyeで「眼力、鑑定眼」通例単数形。 10. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 I gave him --- to use my car on this coming Sunday. (A) permission (B) permissions (C) a permission (D) one of permissions 訳:この日曜日、彼に僕の車を使わせてやる。 ※正解(A)。(A) permission「許可」 11. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 I (A)usually fall (B)asleep (C)when I listen to (D)classic music. 訳:クラシック音楽を聴くと、たいてい寝てしまう。 ※正解(D)。classic → classical。(D) classic「(芸術品など)一流の、古典の」classical「古典主義の、(音楽が)クラシックの」 12. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 We (A)are writing to (B)informing you that you have (C)won $500,000 (D)in the Spanish National Lottery. 訳:スペイン全国宝くじであなたに50万ドル当たったことを、文面でお知らせいたします。 ※正解(B)。informing → inform。[ヒント]不定詞toのあとは動詞原形。lottery「くじ引き、宝くじ」 13. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 If you (A)compare the two cameras, you will (B)see that (C)our is the (D)better by far. 訳:2つのカメラを比べると、わたしたちのカメラのほうがずっと良いのだとわかるでしょう。 ※正解(C)。our → ours。(C) weの所有格代名詞はours。by far [最上級、ときとして比較級を強調して]「はるかに、断然」 (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 The boll weevil is an agricultural pest ----- can have a devastating effect on agriculture, especially cotton crops. (A) it (B) what (C) that (D) they ※正解(C)。【解説】 空所の後にcan have... と動詞があるので、it、theyでは主語と動詞がダブルことになる。whatでは前後の文が結びつかない。関係代名詞thatを使えば文が成立する。boll weevil「メキシコワタノミゾウムシ」。 2. 空所補充問題 In most cultures, special laws that apply only to crimes committed by children and young teens -----. (A) have been established (B) being established have (C) having been established (D) have established being ※正解(A)。【解説】 special lawsがこの文の主語。thatからyoung teensまでは主語を修飾する節である。したがって、空所には動詞が入ることになるので、(B)と(C)は不可。have established beingの語順はどう見てもおかしい。正解は(A)。 3. 空所補充問題 ----- a water-dwelling dinosaur-like 'monster' lives in the Scottish lake of Loch Ness. (A) That some believing it (B) That some believe it (C) That it is believed by some (D) It is believed by some that ※正解(D)。【解説】 空所以下には主語(monster)と動詞(live)があるので、文頭にThatを使っている(A) (B) (C)では文が成立しない。正解は(D)。 4. 空所補充問題 The Chicago Daily News was founded in 1876 by Elijah Melville Stone, who was one of the greatest newspaper reporters and editors ----- time. (A) to the (B) of his (C) onto its (D) at our ※正解(B)。【解説】 「当時の」という意味にするにはどの語句を空所に入れればいいか。正解は(B)of hisである。 5. 空所補充問題 In addition to his other achievements, Edgar Allen Poe is known ----- the first master of the short story format. (A) for (B) as (C) from (D) with ※正解(B)。【解説】 be known for... は「……で有名(評判)である」の意味になる。ここはbe known as ... 「……として知られている」を用いる。 6. 正誤問題 (A)Not all citizens of a country are (B)ordinary allowed (C)to cast ballots (D)in general elections. ※正解(B)。【解説】 ordinary → ordinarily。Not all ... に問題はない。ordinaryは過去分詞allowedを修飾しているので、副詞ordinarilyにしなくてはいけない。be allowed to... 「 ……することを認める」。前置詞inの用法に誤りはない。cast ballots「投票する」。 7. 正誤問題 Luzon is the (A)largest of the Philippine islands, and (B)features an irregular coastline (C)that (D)include the well-sheltered Manila Bay. ※正解(D)。【解説】 include → includes。includeは関係代名詞thatの先行詞であるan irregular coastlineに呼応してincludesとしなければならない。 8. 正誤問題 In poetry, (A)meter refers to the pattern (B)formed by the rhythms (C)created when the words are spoken or (D)sang. ※正解(D)。【解説】 sang → sung。meter「韻律」に冠詞は必要ない。formed byとcreatedの前にはそれぞれthat/which isとthat/which areが略されている。spokenから分かるようにsangは過去分詞sungにしなければならない。 9. 正誤問題 Droughts and water shortages have been (A)a part of life in the southwestern United States (B)every since Europeans (C)first began to settle (D)there. ※正解(B)。【解説】 every → ever。a part of... 「……の一部」。everyの後にsinceが来ているので、ここではeveryではなくeverを使う。副詞first、thereに問題はない。 10. 正誤問題 Optical distortions of light (A)passing through the atmosphere can (B)lead to a discrepancy (C)between the apparent position of a star and (D)their true position. ※正解(D)。【解説】 their → its。passing throughとlead to、between... andに問題はない。theirは前のa starのことを指しているのでitsにしなくてはならない。 II.時事英文 Vitamins (その9;15回シリーズ) In two thousand three, Japanese researchers identified a new member of the B-vitamin group. It is a substance known as pyrroloquinoline quinone or PQQ. The researchers found that PQQ is important in the reproductive and defense systems of mice. They said the substance is similarly important for people. PQQ is found in fermented soybeans and also in parsley, green tea, green peppers and kiwi fruit. III - a. 雑知識
III -b. 英語でどう言う? 〜に手紙を書く write to 【例文】Last night, I wrote to an old friend of mine. 地図を描く draw a map 【例文】Could you draw me a rough map to your house? 契約書にサインする sign one's name to a contract 【例文】Please sign your name to this contract. 花の絵を描く paint a picture of flowers 【例文】Tomorrow, I'm going to the parkから背地にみか知;にそかな水らははりらていすとる III-c Phrases in the News 拉致 abductions (of Japanese citizens by North Korea) ※Most of the abductions of Japanese citizens by North Korea are believed to have occurred over several years between the late 1970s and early 1980s. ※北朝鮮による日本人の拉致事件の大半は、1970年代後半から1980年代初めにかけての数年の間に起こったと思われる。 IV. Jokes a. Jed, my five-year-old nephew, was scheduled to visit his father in another city. My sister asked him if he thought he could fly there by himself. After pondering the question for a few minutes, Jed finally responded. "I guess I could,2 he said, "but somebody will have to show me how to start plane." b. On our way to preschool, my four-year-old granddaughter, Ruby, asked me to insert a CD into the car's player. I didn't have one, so I promised to tell her grandmother to put a disc in before she fetched Ruby later that afternoon. Reluctantly, she accepted my offer, but not without the following stern warning: "Just remember that Grandma is a very good forgetter!" c. Our teenagers weren't happy when we put our house up for sale. It meant they had to keep their rooms clean for prospective buyers. After realtors stopped coming by, the kids got suspicious. "I've been cleaning my room for six months," complained our son. "When is this house going to sell?" My wife laughed. "Oh, we meant to tell you - we took it off the market three months ago." d. After living in the United States for 17 years, my Chinese friend Mabel applied for citizenship. She passed her exam with flying colors. But although she had officially joined a new country, she discovered she hadn't really left behind her old one. "They gave me an American flag as a welcome gift," she told me. "The tag on it said 'Made in China' " e. My friend and I had just eaten a very poor meal at an expensive restaurant, so I was surprised when he said to the waiter, "Could you give my congratulations to the chef." Then he added, "He is very lucky to have a job." f. One afternoon, my wife and I were sitting in our garden observing a helicopter hovering close by. "Do you know," I commented, "that helicopter has not move for ten minutes." "Perhaps it's broken down," she replied. g. My daughter had overslept and forgotten to do her homework. As I drove her to school, I said, "I don't want to hear a peep out of you." When we arrived, she asked, "Can I talk now?" "OK," I grumbled. "I forgot my lunch." |