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資料No. ： NS090708
I-1 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題 (1) TOEIC 1. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 If your clothes _______ and you don't trust yourself to clean them up, our readers say the best place to go is Della's Cleaners. (A) had stained (B) are staining (C) are stained (D) would stain 2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 By April of next year, the majority of blue-collar workers _______ on strike at least once. (A) will have gone (B) have gone (C) will be going (D) had been going 3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Women are significantly _______ likely to die after heart bypass surgery than men, says a study released Wednesday. (A) much (B) more (C) most (D) mostly 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 If the decision isn't favorable to us, please let me know as soon as possible so I can contact _______ companies. (A) another (B) other (C) others (D) either 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 _______ are more than thirty people eligible to be on the company's medical insurance plan. (A) They (B) All that (C) As (D) There 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Should the federal government give every American a medical ID number, making _______ possible to track medical records? (A) it (B) him (C) one (D) that 7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Pesticides and chemical _______ are becoming some of the worst water pollutants in America. (A) fertile (B) fertility (C) fertilizers (D) fertileness 8. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Of those two cameras Nigel chose --- > (A) the least expensive one (B) the least cheap (C) the most best one (D) the one best cheap 9. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 There was a sign on the fence which said, " ---. Keep Off!" (A) Risky (B) Danger (C) Dangerous (D) No Way 10. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 She was followed by a --- dog while taking a walk. (A) timidly (B) tamely (C) stray (D) nicely 11. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 I have been (A)playing karate (B)since I (C)was in (D)junior high school. 12. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 Pat is an excellent (A)sportsman and (B)plays tennis (C)quite (D)good. 13. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 I was (A)born (B)on December 1945 (C)in a small town (D)in America. (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 Lighter-than-air dirigibles were used by commercial airlines in Germany until they were ----- obsolete by more modern aircraft. (A) taken (B) put (C) shifted (D) rendered 2. 空所補充問題 The rate at which a cricket chirps ----- a mathematical function of the air temperature measured in degrees. (A) are (B) does (C) is (D) has 3. 空所補充問題 ----- the right conditions, an acorn the size of the tip of your thumb can grow into a mighty oak 120 feet high. (A) Throughout (B) Given (C) For (D) Without 4. 空所補充問題 The Pyramids of Egypt are the oldest ----- the wonders of the ancient world noted in the Antipater of Sidon in the second century B.C. (A) to (B) of (C) in (D) on 5. 空所補充問題 ----- closely related to the wild hawk, the falcon is smaller and may be distinguished by different wingtip configurations. (A) Although (B) Since (C) Unlike (D) Despite 6. 正誤問題 A century (A)ago, light bulbs had to be manufactured (B)by hand, (C)that made them unreliable and (D)extremely expensive. 7. 正誤問題 (A)By some estimates, the average temperature (B)at the earth's surface will have increased several (C)degrees 20 years (D)up to now. 8. 正誤問題 (A)Electrical transformer consists (B)of two coils -- one connected to (C)the electrical source and one connected to the circuit - (D)wound around the sides of a core of thin iron sheets. 9. 正誤問題 (A)Censorship is the alteration, suppression or (B)prohibit of speech (C)or writing deemed (D)damaging to society. 10. 正誤問題 The salt in seawater increases (A)their density, (B)so that some objects (C)that sink in fresh water can (D)float in seawater. I-2 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題解答 (1) TOEIC 1. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 If your clothes _______ and you don't trust yourself to clean them up, our readers say the best place to go is Della's Cleaners. (A) had stained (B) are staining (C) are stained (D) would stain 訳：服を汚して、自分で洗濯する自信がないときに読者が一番に薦める店はデラのクリーニング店です。 ※正解（C）。《解説》雑誌か新聞の「良い店紹介コーナー」からとったと思われる文。If節があると、すぐ仮定法の文を作るのかという誤解もよくあるが、ここでは「単なる条件」を表すIf節で、動詞の時制は現在形でよい。stainは「〜を汚す」という意味の他動詞であるが、ここではyour clothesが主語になっているので、受け身にする。 2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 By April of next year, the majority of blue-collar workers _______ on strike at least once. (A) will have gone (B) have gone (C) will be going (D) had been going 訳：来年の4月までに、大多数の工場労働者が少なくとも1度はストライキをするだろう。 ※正解（A）。《解説》着眼する語句はBy April of next year「来年の4月までには」。go on(a) strikeは「ストライキに入る」の意味。したがって、ポイントは「〜までには、ストライキに入っているだろう」という未来完了の文を作ることになる。未来完了は「will＋have＋過去分詞」の形が基本。 《選択肢》それぞれ (B) は現在完了、(C) は未来進行形、(D) は過去完了進行形。 3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Women are significantly _______ likely to die after heart bypass surgery than men, says a study released Wednesday. (A) much (B) more (C) most (D) mostly 訳：水曜日に公表された研究によると、女性は男性よりも心臓のバイパス手術を受けて死亡する確率が相当高い。 ※正解（B）。《解説》全体としては、比較構文であることに注意。be likely to doで「〜しやすい」の意味になるが、この文では女性と男性を比べて、「女性は男性よりも〜で死亡しやすい」という内容。したがって、likelyの比較級を作ることになる。heart bypass surgery「心臓バイパス手術」、release「公表する」。 《選択肢》mostは最上級を作る他「大部分の」の意味で使われる。mostlyは副詞で「大部分は」の意味。 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 If the decision isn't favorable to us, please let me know as soon as possible so I can contact _______ companies. (A) another (B) other (C) others (D) either 訳：だめな場合は他の会社を当たりますので、できるだけ早くお知らせください。 ※正解（B）。《解説》ポイントは不定代名詞another, otherの使い方。anotherは「an ＋ other」で単数の可算名詞につけて、「 もう1つの, もう1人の」の意味。ここでは後ろにくる語はcompaniesと複数名詞であるからanotherはあり得ない。otherは形容詞として使うときは、「他の, 別の」の意味で複数名詞の前につける。 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 _______ are more than thirty people eligible to be on the company's medical insurance plan. (A) They (B) All that (C) As (D) There 訳：その会社の医療保険プランの適格者は30人以上いる。 ※正解（D）。《解説》主語に何をもってくるのが最適であるかを考える。補充箇所の後には「be動詞＋名詞句」が続く。名詞句はmore than thirty people eligible to 〜（〜する資格のある30人以上の人々）であるが、これをbe動詞の補語とするか、主語とするか（There構文）がポイント。medical insurance plan「医療保険プラン」。 《選択肢》 (B) と (C) は構文上あり得ない。 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Should the federal government give every American a medical ID number, making _______ possible to track medical records? (A) it (B) him (C) one (D) that 訳：連邦政府は一人一人のアメリカ人に診療IDナンバーを与えて、診療記録をたどることを可能にするべきだろうか？ ※正解（A）。《解説》makingやto不定詞のto track「たどること」などに着目すれば、ここは形式目的語のitを入れるべきところ。形式目的語のitは後にくるto不定詞やthat節の内容を受ける。make it possible to doで「〜することを可能にする」の意味。the federal government「連邦政府」、medical ID number「診療IDナンバー」 7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Pesticides and chemical _______ are becoming some of the worst water pollutants in America. (A) fertile (B) fertility (C) fertilizers (D) fertileness 訳：殺虫剤と化学肥料がアメリカでは水の最悪の汚染物の1つになっている。 ※正解（C）。《解説》補充箇所は文の主語を構成するがPesticides「殺虫剤」との形の上での並行性の保持に留意する。基本的には語彙力の問題となるが、(C) のfertilizers「肥料」が-sと複数形名詞でPesticidesと呼応する。pollutant「汚染物」 《選択肢》fertile「肥よくな」, fertility「肥よくさ」, fertileness「肥よく性」 8. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Of those two cameras Nigel chose --- > (A) the least expensive one (B) the least cheap (C) the most best one (D) the one best cheap 訳：2つのカメラのうち、ナイジェルは安いのを選んだ。 ※正解（A）。二つのものを比較する場合、口語では「the +最上級」を用いることもある。ただし、書き言葉では比較級の方が正しいとされる。(A) the least expensive one「最も安いもの」 9. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 There was a sign on the fence which said, " ---. Keep Off!" (A) Risky (B) Danger (C) Dangerous (D) No Way 訳：フェンスに「危険、立入禁止」の看板があった。 ※正解（B）。keep off「立ち入らない」(B) Danger掲示には名詞を使う。 10. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 She was followed by a --- dog while taking a walk. (A) timidly (B) tamely (C) stray (D) nicely 訳：散歩中、彼女は野良犬に追いかけられた。 ※正解（C）。(A) timidly「おずおずと、臆病に」(B) tamely「おとなしく、従順に」(C) stray「道に迷った、はぐれた」 a stray dog「野良犬」 11. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 I have been (A)playing karate (B)since I (C)was in (D)junior high school. 訳：僕は中学生のときから空手をしている。 ※正解（A）。playing → practicing。[ヒント]空手には動詞doまたはpracticeを使う。 12. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 Pat is an excellent (A)sportsman and (B)plays tennis (C)quite (D)good. 訳：パットはすばらしいスポーツマンで、テニスがとても上手だ。 ※正解（D）。good → well。sportsman「スポーツマン」(D) goodは形容詞、「上手に」という意の副詞はwell。 13. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 I was (A)born (B)on December 1945 (C)in a small town (D)in America. 訳：わたしは1954年にアメリカの小さな町で生まれた。 ※正解（B）。on → in。(B)「〜月に」というときは前置詞inを用いる。 (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 Lighter-than-air dirigibles were used by commercial airlines in Germany until they were ----- obsolete by more modern aircraft. (A) taken (B) put (C) shifted (D) rendered ※正解(D)。【解説】 文の流れからして、were .... obsoleteは「時代遅れになった」という意味になるはずである。正解は(D)。be rendered ... 「 ... になる」。 2. 空所補充問題 The rate at which a cricket chirps ----- a mathematical function of the air temperature measured in degrees. (A) are (B) does (C) is (D) has ※正解（C）。【解説】 この文の主語はrateである。したがって、それに呼応して空所にはisが入ることになる。has、doesでは意味が成立しない。 3. 空所補充問題 ----- the right conditions, an acorn the size of the tip of your thumb can grow into a mighty oak 120 feet high. (A) Throughout (B) Given (C) For (D) Without ※正解（B）。【解説】 空所にGivenを入れれば「ちゃんとした条件（状態）が与えられならば」の意味を表すようになる。acorn「ドングリ」。 4. 空所補充問題 The Pyramids of Egypt are the oldest ----- the wonders of the ancient world noted in the Antipater of Sidon in the second century B.C. (A) to (B) of (C) in (D) on ※正解（B）。【解説】 toとonが使えないのはすぐに分かるだろう。the oldest of ... で「 ... のうち最も古いもの」という意味になる。 5. 空所補充問題 ----- closely related to the wild hawk, the falcon is smaller and may be distinguished by different wingtip configurations. (A) Although (B) Since (C) Unlike (D) Despite ※正解（A）。【解説】 前置詞unlike、despiteの後にclosely related（副詞と過去分詞）が続くはずがない。意味からしてAlthoughが正解となる。Althoughの後にthe falcon isを補って考える。これで「ハヤブサは野生の鷹にとても近いが」の意味になる。 6. 正誤問題 A century (A)ago, light bulbs had to be manufactured (B)by hand, (C)that made them unreliable and (D)extremely expensive. ※正解（C）。【解説】 that → which。前置詞agoとbyの用法に誤りはない。前にカンマがある場合には、関係代名詞はthatではなくwhichを用いる。extremely「極端に」は強調のための副詞。 7. 正誤問題 (A)By some estimates, the average temperature (B)at the earth's surface will have increased several (C)degrees 20 years (D)up to now. ※正解(D)。【解説】 up to → from。by some estimates「ある推定によると」の意味。前置詞at、複数形degreesに問題はない。up toをfromにしなければ未来完了形will have increased ... と対応しなくなる。 8. 正誤問題 (A)Electrical transformer consists (B)of two coils -- one connected to (C)the electrical source and one connected to the circuit - (D)wound around the sides of a core of thin iron sheets. ※正解(A)。【解説】 Electrical → An/The electrical。electrical transformer「変圧器」は可算名詞なので、その前には冠詞anあるいはtheが必要となる。 9. 正誤問題 (A)Censorship is the alteration, suppression or (B)prohibit of speech (C)or writing deemed (D)damaging to society. ※正解(B)。【解説】 prohibit → prohibition。alternation「交替」、suppression「抑圧」と名詞が並んでいる。しかし、orの後に動詞prohibit「禁止する」が来ている。ここでは名詞prohibitionを用いることになる。 10. 正誤問題 The salt in seawater increases (A)their density, (B)so that some objects (C)that sink in fresh water can (D)float in seawater. ※正解(A)。【解説】 their → its。theirが指す語はどれか？この文の主語saltである。したがって、theirはitsにしなくてはならない。 II.時事英文 Vitamins (その8；15回シリーズ) Vitamin B-twelve is needed so folic acid can do its work. Together, they help produce red blood cells. Vitamin B-twelve is found naturally in foods like eggs, meat, fish and milk products. Folic acid has been shown to prevent physical problems in babies when taken by their mothers during pregnancy. Vitamin B-twelve is found in green leafy vegetables and other foods, like legumes and citrus fruits. In some countries, it is added to products like bread. III - a. 雑知識
III -b. 英語でどう言う？ 入れ歯をはめる put in one's false teeth 【例文】The first thing my grandfather does in the morning is to put his false teeth. つえをついて歩く walk with (the help of) a stick 【例文】My grandmother had been bedridden for two years, but now she is able to walk with a stick 補聴器を使う use a hearing aid 【例文】My boss is hard of hearing, but he refuses to use a hearing aid. 老眼鏡をかける put on reading glasses 【例文】I have to put on reading glasses whenever I read newspaper. III-c Phrases in the News 政治資金規正法 Political Fund Control Law ※The Political Fund Control Law bans corporate donations to individual politicians. ※政治資金規正法は、企業から政治家個人への献金を禁じている。 IV. Jokes a. A secretary, an assistant and their boss are walking to lunch when they find an antique oil lamp. They rub it and a genie appears to grant them each one wish. The secretary says, "I want to be in the Bahamas, driving a speedboat, without a care in the world." Poof! She's gone. "I want to be in Hawaii, relaxing on the beach with my personal masseuse, an endless supply of pina coladas and the love of my life," says the assistant. And poof! Just like that, he's gone. "You're next," the genie says to the boss. He says, "I want those two back in the office right after lunch." b. I was deliberating over a new TV set and asked the young salesman about its country of origin. "I'd have to look at the box," he said, disappearing into the stockroom. On his return, he announced, "Built in Antenna, sir." c. My sister bought a fish for my eight-year-old son, Germaine, and told him to think of a good name for it. He kept coming up with silly names, so she told him to keep thinking. Finally, on their way home, Germaine said, "This fish already has a name." "What's its name?" Tawnia asked. "Sparingly,2 Germaine replied. "It says right here on the label: FEED SPARINGLY THREE TIMES A DAY." d. My sister was telling her four-year-old granddaughter, Lauryn, that she had been out in the garden when she spotted a snake at her feet. Lauryn asked her if she had been scared. My sister explained that she was frightened, but that the snake was probably more frightened of her. "It must have been your face, Grandma," Lauryn said thoughtfully. |