資料No. : NS090701
I-1 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題 (1) TOEIC 1. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 This computer system will best _______ ABC Inc. to meet its expanding production requirements. (A) enter (B) enable (C) enact (D) enforce 2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Don't _______ the new car warranty offered by the manufacturer of the vehicle. (A) overlook (B) overhaul (C) overbook (D) overcome 3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 It takes a great amount of time and effort to be _______ at any foreign language. (A) prodigal (B) productive (C) proficient (D) professional 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 It appears that the accident was caused by computer _______. (A) defunct (B) malediction (C) malfunction (D) discrimination 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The _______ trade in rare wild birds has largely been halted. (A) illegal (B) illiterate (C) prodigal (D) obliterate 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 France and Germany have signed a _______ agreement to help prevent drug smuggling. (A) plural (B) numeral (C) bilateral (D) unilateral 7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 She had the _______ to lock all the windows, as well as the doors, before leaving on her holiday. (A) hindsight (B) foresight (C) heedlessness (D) oversight 8. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Last week I attended a --- on physics in New York. (A) conference (B) constitution (C) connection (D) committee 9. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The place was --- as the site of the new airport. (A) dictated (B) designated (C) designed (D) deregulated 10. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Greg always gets --- before a plane trip. (A) carefully (B) precious (C) nervous (D) ignorant 11. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 The (A)union's (B)rise will be (C)about 3.7% this (D)coming year. 12. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 (A)Many Japanese men enjoy (B)playing pachinko in (C)there spare (D)time. 13. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 I have (A)visited most (B)parts of Japan and (C)plan to visit Okinawa (D)soonly. (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 ----- in domesticated pigs, only the male is known as a boar, the term is applied to both female and male wild pigs. (A) When (B) Who (C) Whether (D) While 2. 空所補充問題 The British prime minister-ship serves as the model ----- the analogous offices in each of the commonwealth countries. (A) as (B) for (C) on (D) at 3. 空所補充問題 In most countries, the duty ----- one's country in battle is still seen as applying exclusively to males. (A) of serving (B) to serve (C) serve (D) to serving 4. 空所補充問題 Louis Pasteur ----- so fearful of dirt and bacteria that he refused to shake hands, and he carefully wiped his plate and glass before every meal. (A) is being said to have (B) said he was being to have (C) was said having been (D) is said to have been 5. 空所補充問題 The U.S. state of South Dakota is also sometimes ----- as the Sioux State after the American Indian nation indigenous to the region. (A) to refer (B) referring (C) referred to (D) refer to 6. 正誤問題 Mushrooms are (A)fleshy, umbrella-shaped (B)fungus that have (C)long been used as (D)food. 7. 正誤問題 (A)A modern computer chip the size of (B)fingertip has the (C)processing power of the 1949 ENIAC computer, (D)which was the size of several tennis courts. 8. 正誤問題 One common way of (A)honoring the dead consists (B)of (C)lying flowers upon (D)their gravestones. 9. 正誤問題 The cash register was invented in 1879 as (A)a means of preventing the patrons of (B)a tavern (C)stealing cash from (D)unprotected cash boxes. 10. 正誤問題 (A)When President Lyndon B. Johnson took (B)the office after the assassination of John F. Kennedy, he declined to replace (C)any of the members of (D)the Kennedy Cabinet. I-2 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題解答 (1) TOEIC 1. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 This computer system will best _______ ABC Inc. to meet its expanding production requirements. (A) enter (B) enable (C) enact (D) enforce 訳:このコンピュータシステムを使えばABC社は拡大する生産の要求に一番うまく応えることができるだろう。 ※正解(B)。【着眼点】「動詞+目的語+to 不定詞」の形に注意して選択肢の動詞を選ぶ。enableは「enable+目的語+to 不定詞」の形で「〜に…することを可能にする」の意味になる。なお、接頭辞のen-は「〜の中に入れる, 〜の上に置く」、「〜にする」、「中に,〜のうちに」の意味。 【選択肢】enter「〜に入る」, enact「〜を制定する」, enforce「〜を実施する」 2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Don't _______ the new car warranty offered by the manufacturer of the vehicle. (A) overlook (B) overhaul (C) overbook (D) overcome 訳:自動車メーカーのつける新車の保証書を見落としてはいけない。 ※正解(A)。【着眼点】選択肢の語はいずれもover-を接頭辞にもつ動詞。over-は「上(位)の, 上から」,「余分に; 過度に」,「向こうへ, 越えて, 渡って」,「倒して, ひっくり返して」の意味。 【選択肢】overlook「〜を見落とす」, overhaul「〜を分解修理する」, overbook「定員以上の予約をとる」, overcome「〜を克服する」 3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 It takes a great amount of time and effort to be _______ at any foreign language. (A) prodigal (B) productive (C) proficient (D) professional 訳:どんな外国語でも堪能になるためには大変な時間と努力を要する。 ※正解(C)。【着眼点】選択肢にはいずれもpro-(賛成の、前の、代わりの)を接頭辞にもつ形容詞が並ぶので、文の内容から選ぶことになる。a great amount of time and effortを要するのは外国語にどのようになるためか。 【選択肢】prodigal「放蕩な」, productive「生産力のある」, proficient「堪能な」, professional「専門(職)の」 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 It appears that the accident was caused by computer _______. (A) defunct (B) malediction (C) malfunction (D) discrimination 訳:その事故はコンピュータの誤動作が原因とみられる。 ※正解(C)。【着眼点】「事故」→「引き起こされた」→「コンピュータの __ によって」という流れ。コンピュータが正常に働かなかった [調子が悪かった]、と考えるのが自然。mal- は「悪い」の意で function は「機能」。 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The _______ trade in rare wild birds has largely been halted. (A) illegal (B) illiterate (C) prodigal (D) obliterate 訳:野生の珍鳥の不法な商業取引は大部分停止されてきている。 ※正解(A)。【着眼点】「珍しい (rare) 野生の (wild) 鳥の商業取り引き [輸出入] (trade) 」で「これまでにその大部分 (largely) が停止となってきた (halted) 」 → このような trade につく形容詞として最もそれらしいものはどれかを考える。illegal は il- と legal に分かれる。legal(合法的な)はなじみのある語だろう。il- は not の意の in- が変化したもの。語頭が l の legal と結びついたことによって in- から il- への同化現象が生じたのである。したがって、illegal は not legal(不法の)の意。これならば、ここの文脈における trade を形容するのにピッタリである。 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 France and Germany have signed a _______ agreement to help prevent drug smuggling. (A) plural (B) numeral (C) bilateral (D) unilateral 訳:フランスとドイツは麻薬密輸入防止協力のための二国間協定に調印した。 ※正解(C)。【着眼点】フランスとドイツの2か国が調印した (have signed) ある協定 (agreement) があり、その協定の内容が to 以下というもの。bilateral の bi- は「2つの」の意で、lateral は side(側)の意。したがって bilateral は「両側[面]のある;相互的な」の意になる。unilateral は「片側だけの、一方(的)の、一方だけによってなされた、相互的でない」の意。 7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 She had the _______ to lock all the windows, as well as the doors, before leaving on her holiday. (A) hindsight (B) foresight (C) heedlessness (D) oversight 訳:彼女は用心深いことに、休暇で家をあける前にドアにも窓にもすべてかぎをかけた。 ※正解(B)。【着眼点】彼女が持ちあわせていたものが空所で、その具体的中身が to 以下。「〜するような、そんな __ 」ということ。休暇で家をあけるに先立って、ドアにも窓にもすべてかぎをしていくような人には何が備わっていると言えるか。foresight は foresee(前もって見越す;先見する)からきている( → sight は see の名詞形)。先々のことを考えるところから foresight は「先見、見通し」の他に「将来への備え、用心深いこと」の意味にもなる。 8. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Last week I attended a --- on physics in New York. (A) conference (B) constitution (C) connection (D) committee 訳:先週、ニューヨークで物理学に会議に出席した。 ※正解(A)。(A) conference「(公式の)会議、協議会」(D) committee「委員会」joined a committeeまたはattended a committee meetingならばよい。 9. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The place was --- as the site of the new airport. (A) dictated (B) designated (C) designed (D) deregulated 訳:新空港の用地として、その場所が指定された。 ※正解(B)。(A) dictate「(〜を)口述する、書き取らせる」(B) designate [+ as]「(〜を〜に)指定する、指名する」(D) deregulate「(〜の規制を)撤廃(緩和)する」 10. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Greg always gets --- before a plane trip. (A) carefully (B) precious (C) nervous (D) ignorant 訳:グレッグは飛行機で旅行する前、いつも緊張する。 ※正解(C)。(B) precious「貴重な、高価な」(C) nervous「不安な、緊張して」(D) ignorant「無知な」 11. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 The (A)union's (B)rise will be (C)about 3.7% this (D)coming year. 訳:組合員の昇給率は、来年約3.7%になるでしょう。 ※正解(B)。rise → raise。(B) rise [+ in]「(物価・量・温度などの)騰貴、増加」raise「昇給」 12. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 (A)Many Japanese men enjoy (B)playing pachinko in (C)there spare (D)time. 訳:多くの日本人男性が、暇なときにパチンコを楽しむ。 ※正解(C)。there → their。Theyの所有核はtheir。Spare「(時間などの)余分の、余計な」 13. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 I have (A)visited most (B)parts of Japan and (C)plan to visit Okinawa (D)soonly. 訳:今まで日本をあちこち周っているが、まもなく沖縄に行くつもりだ。 ※正解(D)。soonly → soon。(D) soon「すぐ、まもなく」soonlyという語はない。 (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 ----- in domesticated pigs, only the male is known as a boar, the term is applied to both female and male wild pigs. (A) When (B) Who (C) Whether (D) While ※正解(D)。【解説】 domesticated pigs「飼育されている豚」とwild pigs「野生の豚」を対比しているので、ここでは接続詞whileを用いる。 2. 空所補充問題 The British prime minister-ship serves as the model ----- the analogous offices in each of the commonwealth countries. (A) as (B) for (C) on (D) at ※正解(B)。【解説】 serve as the model for ... で「 ... のモデルとして役に立つ」の意味になる。analogous「類似した」。 3. 空所補充問題 In most countries, the duty ----- one's country in battle is still seen as applying exclusively to males. (A) of serving (B) to serve (C) serve (D) to serving ※正解(B)。【解説】 duty to ...(動詞) で「 ... する義務」の意味を表す。正解は(B)。exclusively「 ... に限られた」。 4. 空所補充問題 Louis Pasteur ----- so fearful of dirt and bacteria that he refused to shake hands, and he carefully wiped his plate and glass before every meal. (A) is being said to have (B) said he was being to have (C) was said having been (D) is said to have been ※正解(D)。【解説】 toと完了形の組み合わせがポイント。Louis Pasteur is said to have been ... で「ルイ・パスツールは ... だったと言われている」の意味になる。 5. 空所補充問題 The U.S. state of South Dakota is also sometimes ----- as the Sioux State after the American Indian nation indigenous to the region. (A) to refer (B) referring (C) referred to (D) refer to ※正解(C)。【解説】 referの用法が問題になっている。be referred to as ... で「 ... と呼ばれている」の意味になる。正解は(C)である。 6. 正誤問題 Mushrooms are (A)fleshy, umbrella-shaped (B)fungus that have (C)long been used as (D)food. ※正解(B)。【解説】 fungus → fungi。fleshyは「厚くて柔らかい」の意味。ここではfungus「真菌類(キノコなど)」を複数形fungiにしなければならない。long beenの語順に問題はない。foodの前に冠詞は無用。 7. 正誤問題 (A)A modern computer chip the size of (B)fingertip has the (C)processing power of the 1949 ENIAC computer, (D)which was the size of several tennis courts. ※正解(B)。【解説】 fingertip → a fingertip。文頭の冠詞Aに問題はない。fingertip「指先」は可算名詞なので、冠詞aが必要となる。processing powerで「処理能力」の意味。関係代名詞whichの用法に誤りはない。 8. 正誤問題 One common way of (A)honoring the dead consists (B)of (C)lying flowers upon (D)their gravestones. ※正解(C)。【解説】 lying → laying。前置詞ofの後の動名詞honoringに問題はない。consist of ... で「 ... からなる」の意味。lie (lying)は自動詞。ここでは他動詞lay (laying)を用いる。theirはthe dead「死者(複数)」を指す。 9. 正誤問題 The cash register was invented in 1879 as (A)a means of preventing the patrons of (B)a tavern (C)stealing cash from (D)unprotected cash boxes. ※正解(C)。【解説】 stealing → from stealing。means「手段」、tavern「バー、居酒屋」は可算名詞である。preventing ... from stealingとしなければ文が成り立たない。unprotected「無防備な」に問題はない。 10. 正誤問題 (A)When President Lyndon B. Johnson took (B)the office after the assassination of John F. Kennedy, he declined to replace (C)any of the members of (D)the Kennedy Cabinet. ※正解(B)。【解説】 the office → office。take officeで「就任する」の意味になるので、theは必要ない。When、any、theに問題はない。 II.時事英文 Vitamins (その7;15回シリーズ) Vitamin B-one is also called thiamine. Thiamine changes starchy foods into energy. It also helps the heart and nervous system work smoothly. Without it, we would be weak and would not grow. We also might develop beriberi. Thiamine is found not just in whole grains like brown rice, but also in other foods. These include beans and peas, nuts, and meat and fish. Another B-vitamin is niacin. It helps cells use food energy. It also prevents pellagra -- a disease that causes weakness, reddish skin and stomach problems. Niacin is found in meat, fish and green vegetables. III - a. 雑知識
III -b. 英語でどう言う? サラダにドレッシングをかける put dressing on a salad 【例文】I usually put Italian dressing on my salad. はしで〜をつまむ pick up ~ with chopsticks 【例文】My American friend Johnny is good at picking up sushi with chopsticks. ごはんをお代わりする have another bowl of rice 【例文】I'm so hungry. Can I have another bowl of rice? スープを飲む eat soup 【例文】Don't make noises when you eat soup. III-c Phrases in the News 定額給付金 例文:Prime Minister Taro Aso reiterated his resolve Saturday to implement a ¥2 trillion cash benefit program as planned, defending it as an effective measure to lift the slumping economy despite mounting opposition. 定額給付金に対する反対意見が続出している中で、麻生首相は、土曜日、停滞する経済を活性化する効果的な施策であるとして、予定通り実施する決意であると繰り返した。 IV. Jokes a. A mechanic was removing a cylinder head from the motor of a Harley Davidson motorcycle when he spotted a famous heart surgeon in his shop. The mechanic shouted across the garage, "Hey, Doc, look at this engine. I can open it up, take the valves out, fix 'em, put in new parts, and when I finish, this will work just like new. So how come I get a pittance and you get the really big money when we do basically same work?" The surgeon leaned over and said to the mechanic. "Try doing it while the engine is running." b. "Doctor, please help me," says an elderly patient. "I have silent passage of gas every morning. I have silent passage of gas every afternoon, and I also suffer from silent passage of gas in the evening. Sometimes I have silent passage of gas at unpredictable times, for instant just now. Doctor, can you help me?" The doctor responds, "Sure, I can help you. But first you need your hearing checked." c. Michelangelo and a politician arrived at the Pearly Gates. St. Peter proclaims, "He's here! He's here!" and ushers the politician inside as trumpets sound and angels sing. As Michelangelo follows, the gates slam in his face. Shaken, he knocks. St. Peter appears. "I don't understand," Michelangelo says. "I have served God all my life through my work, and I arrived here and am completely ignored in the midst of the tremendous welcome for, of all people, a politician!" "I'm sorry," says St. Peter. "We have a lot of artists and religious people in heaven. But this is our first politician!" |