資料No. : NS090624
I-1 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題 (1) TOEIC 1. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 After a lengthy discussion we reached a _______ decision on the proposal. (A) unaired (B) unamiable (C) unanimous (D) infamous 2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 I'm sorry to _______ your meeting, but there's an emergency call for you on line two. (A) erupt (B) abrupt (C) disrupt (D) bankrupt 3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 If you have the answers before the meeting tomorrow, we'll be able to have a discussion and _______ a step forward. (A) give (B) talk (C) walk (D) take 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The tables are set a good distance apart so it is possible to _______ an intimate conversation. (A) get (B) have (C) take (D) go 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Mr. White _______ the best out of his salesmen with an incentive plan that offers very generous rewards. (A) gives (B) owns (C) gets (D) pays 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 No matter _______ long it takes to finish the annual report, it must be done. (A) though (B) how (C) however (D) what 7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Floods cause _______ amounting to hundreds of millions of dollars every year, as well as the loss of many lives. (A) damaging (B) to damage (C) damaged (D) damage 8. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 This is certainly --- computer than the one in our office. (A) more (B) the best (C) a better (D) better 9. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 This television is --- for two years. (A) promised (B) secure (C) guarded (D) guaranteed 10. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 If you --- my plan, I'll start to negotiate with a bank for a loan. (A) admit (B) conclude (C) agree to (D) consent 11. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 I (A)expected that Al Gore (B)would be the next (C)elect (D)president of the United States. 12. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 I (A)lost all of my (B)stamp (C)after I (D)left the post office. 13. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 (A)Foreigners think that Japanese stores (B)waste a lot of (C)papers (D)wrapping packages. (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 Carbon is an element ----- no known form of life would be possible. (A) unless with (B) without which (C) not with it (D) what is without 2. 空所補充問題 Ratings researchers monitor the television viewing habits of typical households to help them estimate ----- people watch a given program nationwide. (A) how many (B) how much of (C) of how many (D) many of the 3. 空所補充問題 Many of the world's central banks ----- entirely private-sector entities that attained official status after gradually becoming deeply involved in government finance. (A) had them (B) they were (C) did their (D) were once 4. 空所補充問題 Experimental evidence ----- that infants are not born with the ability to perceive the full spectrum of colors. (A) indicates (B) indicating (C) was indicated (D) is indicating 5. 空所補充問題 Fiber optic technology can be used not only to boost telecommunications speeds, ----- the effectiveness of medical treatment. (A) but improving (B) but to improve (C) but also improving (D) but also to improve 6. 正誤問題 (A)Unless it attains (B)a speed exceeding seven miles (C)in second, a spacecraft will not escape (D)the earth's gravitational pull. 7. 正誤問題 Pearls are the result of (A)a defensive reaction (B)among shellfish that protects (C)it from abrasive irritants (D)such as sand. 8. 正誤問題 (A)Because of (B)its resilience and bounce, cork (C)uses for the core of the standard baseball (D)used in most professional leagues. 9. 正誤問題 Ancient Egyptian physicians were renowned (A)throughout (B)the Mediterranean and Middle East (C)with (D)their skill. 10. 正誤問題 (A)The United States Bureau of Labor Statistics (B)have calculated Wholesale Price Index figures (C)dating (D)back to 1890. I-2 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題解答 (1) TOEIC 1. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 After a lengthy discussion we reached a _______ decision on the proposal. (A) unaired (B) unamiable (C) unanimous (D) infamous 訳:長い議論の後、我々はその提案に関する満場一致の決定を下した。 ※正解(C)。【着眼点】長い (lengthy) 議論の末に達した (reached) 決定[結論] (decision) は、どのようなものであったか。unanimous の un- は uni- の変化形で「1つ」の意( → uniform → 1つの形 → 「一様の」「制服」)。anim は「心」の意で -ous は形容詞語尾。したがって unanimous は「1つの心の」、つまり「全員異議のない、満場一致の」の意となる。(cf. magnanimous → 大きな(magn-)心の → 「度量の大きい、寛大な」) 2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 I'm sorry to _______ your meeting, but there's an emergency call for you on line two. (A) erupt (B) abrupt (C) disrupt (D) bankrupt 訳:会議中恐縮ですが、緊急のお電話が2番に入っております。 ※正解(C)。【着眼点】I'm sorry to ... と断りを入れている。できればしたくない事をせざるを得ない人の言葉で、それを行う対象は your meeting である。disrupt の dis- は元々はラテン語の duo (=two) から来たもので、「2つに分かれて」の意であったが、そこから分離・除去・剥奪・反対・否定などの意へと拡大していった。rupt は break の意。したがって disrupt は → 「破って分け離す」 → 「引き裂く;(会議などの正常な進行)を妨げる」。 3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 If you have the answers before the meeting tomorrow, we'll be able to have a discussion and _______ a step forward. (A) give (B) talk (C) walk (D) take 訳:明日の会議前に解答が出れば、私たちは話し合って、もう少し処置を講じられるだろう。 ※正解(D)。【着眼点】stepは「(成功などへの)1歩, 進歩;(前進などのための)手段, 処置」の意味をもつ。ここではa stepの連結する動詞を探す。take a stepで「踏み出す、一歩踏み込む」。広くはtake stepsは「手段を講じる、手を打つ」の形で用いられる。連結する形容詞はimportant, decisive, bold, drastic, false, dangerousなど。 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The tables are set a good distance apart so it is possible to _______ an intimate conversation. (A) get (B) have (C) take (D) go 訳:テーブルは適当な距離に配置されていて、親密な会話を楽しむことができる。 ※正解(B)。【着眼点】an intimate conversation「親密な会話」と結びつく動詞を探す。have [carry on, hold] a conversation with 〜で「〜と会話をする」の意味。 open [start] a conversation with 〜で「〜と会話を始める」の意味。「会話を止める」はbreak off a conversationと言う。 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Mr. White _______ the best out of his salesmen with an incentive plan that offers very generous rewards. (A) gives (B) owns (C) gets (D) pays 訳:ホワイトさんは、かなり割のいい報奨金を出す刺激策で、販売員に最善を尽くさせた。 ※正解(C)。【着眼点】the best out of 〜と結びつく動詞は何か。慣用表現の問題ということになるが、答えは(C)のgetsを選ぶ。get the best out of 〜で「〜の最高の状態を引き出す」という意味になる。an incentive planは「刺激策」。 【選択肢】make the best of 〜「〜を最大限に利用する」はよく使われる。 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 No matter _______ long it takes to finish the annual report, it must be done. (A) though (B) how (C) however (D) what 訳:どんなに長くかかっても、年次報告書を仕上げなければならない。 ※正解(B)。【着眼点】「No matter how+形容詞[副詞] 〜」(たとえどんなに〜でも)という譲歩の副詞節を作る。なお、これはNo matterを取って、 「However +形容詞[副詞] 〜」とも言い換えることできるが、この両者の形を混同しないように注意したい。 【選択肢】後ろにlongがあるので(D)のwhatを持ってくることは不可。 7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Floods cause _______ amounting to hundreds of millions of dollars every year, as well as the loss of many lives. (A) damaging (B) to damage (C) damaged (D) damage 訳:洪水は毎年、多くの人命の損失と同様に、何億ドルにものぼる損害をもたらしている。 ※正解(D)。【着眼点】A as well as B「Bと同様にAも」という相関表現に注意して、形の並行性に努める。Bにあたるのはthe loss of many livesという名詞句。したがって、問題となる箇所も名詞句になる。なお、causeはここでは「〜を招く、〜の原因となる」という動詞で、問題の箇所はその目的語であることにも注意する。 【選択肢】(A) (B)とも名詞の働きはできるが、直後のamountingにも注意して、ここではずばり(D)を選ぶ。 8. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 This is certainly --- computer than the one in our office. (A) more (B) the best (C) a better (D) better 訳:これは、確かに私の事務所にあるのよりいいコンピューターだ。 ※正解(C)。(C) computerは可算名詞なのでaが必要。a better computer than 9. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 This television is --- for two years. (A) promised (B) secure (C) guarded (D) guaranteed 訳:このテレビは2年間保証されている。 ※正解(D)。(B) secure「安全な」「(〜を)安全にする、危険から守る」(D) guarantee「(〜を)保証する、請け負う」 10. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 If you --- my plan, I'll start to negotiate with a bank for a loan. (A) admit (B) conclude (C) agree to (D) consent 訳:きみが僕の計画に同意してくれるなら、銀行と貸し付けの交渉を始めよう。 ※正解(C)。negotiate「交渉する」(A) admit「(自分に不利なことを)しぶしぶ認める」(C) agree to ...「〜に応じる、承諾する」(D) consent [+to]「〜に同意する、承諾する」 11. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 I (A)expected that Al Gore (B)would be the next (C)elect (D)president of the United States. 訳:アル・ゴアがアメリカの次期大統領になると予期していた。 ※正解(C)。elect → elected。(C) elect「(議員・議長などを投票で)選挙する」[ヒント]名詞を修飾するには過去分詞を使う。 12. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 I (A)lost all of my (B)stamp (C)after I (D)left the post office. 訳:郵便局を出たあと、切手をすべてなくしてしまった。 ※正解(B)。stamp → stamps。[ヒント] stampは可算名詞なのでallのあとでは複数形になる。 13. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 (A)Foreigners think that Japanese stores (B)waste a lot of (C)papers (D)wrapping packages. 訳:日本の店は包装するのに紙を無駄に使い過ぎていると外国人は思っている。 ※正解(C)。papers → paper。[ヒント] paperはこの意味では不可算名詞。 (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 Carbon is an element ----- no known form of life would be possible. (A) unless with (B) without which (C) not with it (D) what is without ※正解(B)。【解説】 空所を挟んで2つの文が並列されている。後半の文の主語はno known form of lifeである。この前にwith, with it, withoutが来ては文が成立しなくなる。正解はwithout whichである。carbon「炭素」。 2. 空所補充問題 Ratings researchers monitor the television viewing habits of typical households to help them estimate ----- people watch a given program nationwide. (A) how many (B) how much of (C) of how many (D) many of the ※正解(A)。【解説】 可算名詞peopleの前にmuchは使えない。動詞estimateは前置詞ofを取ることはない。また、many of theを使う場合には、その前になんらかの接続詞が必要となる。正解は(A)である。 3. 空所補充問題 Many of the world's central banks ----- entirely private-sector entities that attained official status after gradually becoming deeply involved in government finance. (A) had them (B) they were (C) did their (D) were once ※正解(D)。【解説】 had themの後に名詞句が続くのはおかしい。they wereでは主語が重複することになる。were onceを空所に入れれば意味が通る。attain「獲得する」。 4. 空所補充問題 Experimental evidence ----- that infants are not born with the ability to perceive the full spectrum of colors. (A) indicates (B) indicating (C) was indicated (D) is indicating ※正解(A)。【解説】 空所にはこの文の動詞(現在形)が入るのは明らか。したがって、(B)と(C)は除外できる。indicate「表す、示す」はここでは進行形にする必要はない。perceive「知覚する」、spectrum「スペクトル」。 5. 空所補充問題 Fiber optic technology can be used not only to boost telecommunications speeds, ----- the effectiveness of medical treatment. (A) but improving (B) but to improve (C) but also improving (D) but also to improve ※正解(D)。【解説】 not onlyとその後に不定詞toが来ている点に注目。空所にはそれを受けてbut also toが入ることになる。fiber optic technology「光ファイバーテクノロジー」、effectiveness「有効性」。 6. 正誤問題 (A)Unless it attains (B)a speed exceeding seven miles (C)in second, a spacecraft will not escape (D)the earth's gravitational pull. ※正解(C)。【解説】 in → per/a。接続詞Unlessと冠詞a、所有格the earth'sに問題はない。in secondではなくper/a secondにしなければ「毎秒」の意味にはならない。 7. 正誤問題 Pearls are the result of (A)a defensive reaction (B)among shellfish that protects (C)it from abrasive irritants (D)such as sand. ※正解(C)。【解説】 it → them。冠詞a、前置詞amongに問題はない。itは何を指しているのか。Pearlsである。したがって、itではなくthemにしなけらばならない。such as... 「……のような」、abrasive「すり減らす」、irritant「刺激物」。 8. 正誤問題 (A)Because of (B)its resilience and bounce, cork (C)uses for the core of the standard baseball (D)used in most professional leagues. ※正解(C)。【解説】 uses → is used。Because ofとcorkを指すitsに問題はない。文意からして、usesはis used(受け身)になるはずである。usedの前にはthat/which isが略されている。resilience「弾性」、bounce「反発力」。 9. 正誤問題 Ancient Egyptian physicians were renowned (A)throughout (B)the Mediterranean and Middle East (C)with (D)their skill. ※正解(C)。【解説】 with → for。be renowned for... 「……で有名である」を知っているかどうかがポイント。 10. 正誤問題 (A)The United States Bureau of Labor Statistics (B)have calculated Wholesale Price Index figures (C)dating (D)back to 1890. ※正解(B)。【解説】 have → has。Statisticsにつられてhaveとしてはいけない。この文の主語は単数The United States Bureau... である。 II.時事英文 Vitamins (その6;15回シリーズ) Which foods should be eaten to keep us healthy? Let us look at some important vitamins for these answers. Vitamin A helps prevent skin and other tissues from becoming dry. It is also needed to make a light-sensitive substance in the eyes. People who do not get enough vitamin A cannot see well in darkness. They may develop a condition that dries the eyes. This can result in infections and lead to blindness. Vitamin A is found in fish liver oil. It also is in the yellow part of eggs. Sweet potatoes, carrots and other darkly colored fruits and vegetables contain substances that the body can change into vitamin A. III - a. 雑知識
III -b. 英語でどう言う? 貧乏ゆすりをする jiggle one's leg 【例文】Don't jiggle your leg like that. You're making me nervous. つめをかむ bite one's fingernails 【例文】My five-year-old son has a habit of biting his nails. 頭をかく scratch one's head 【例文】Kenji didn't know what to do and scratched his head in embarrassment. 指の間にはさんだ鉛筆をくるくる回す twirl a pencil between one's fingers 【例文】Mari was staring out of the window and twirling a pencil between her fingers. III-c Phrases in the News 時効 例文:The state of limitations for murder and other crimes punishable by death was extended from 15 to 25 years under the revised Criminal Procedure Law in 2005. ]殺人など死刑にあたる罪の時効は2005年施行の改正刑事訴訟法で15年から25年に延長された。 IV. Jokes a. A ventriloquist is doing a gig with his dummy on his lap. He's telling a dumb blonde joke when a young woman jumps to her feet. "What gives you the right to stereotype blondes that way?" she asks. "What does hair color have to do with my worth as a human being? You should be ashamed of yourself!" Flustered, the ventriloquist begins to stammer out and apology. "You keep out o9f this, moister!" she yells. "I'm talking to that little jerk on your knee!" b. A priest, a rabbi and a minister are in a boat out in the middle of a lake. The priest says, "I'm thirsty. I'm going to get something to drink." So he steps out of the boat, walks across the water to shore, gets a soda, walks back across the water and gets back in the boat. The minister says, "I'm thirsty too." So he walks across the water to shore, gets a soda and walks back to the boat. The rabbi says, "My turn." He gets out of the boat and immediately sinks. The priest turns to the minister. "Think we should've told him where the rocks were?" c. A priest, a rabbi and a minister decide to see who's best at his job. So they each go into the woods, find a bear and attempt to convert it. Later they get together. The priest begins. "When I found the bear, I read to him from the Catechism and sprinkled him with holy water. Next week is his First Communion." "I found a bear by the stream,2 says the minister, "and preached God's holy word. The bear was so mesmerized that he let me baptize him." They both look down at the rabbi, who is wrapped in a full body cast. "Looking back," he says, "maybe I shouldn't have started with the circumcision." |