資料No. : NS090617
I-1 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題 (1) TOEIC 1. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 A Hamburg-bound passenger train derailed June 3 in northern Germany, killing over 100 people and seriously _______ 200. (A) injuring (B) injured (C) to injure (D) being injured 2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Walking in single file behind their teacher as she crossed the street _______ several elementary school students. (A) is (B) are (C) were (D) has been 3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 From the top of the Eiffel Tower _______ the whole city of Paris. (A) can see (B) can be seen (C) can be seeing (D) can have seen 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 At no time _______ serious about his studies. (A) was John ever (B) was John never (C) when John was not (D) where John was ever 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 When you have finished the book, _______ put it back on the shelf. (A) don't fail to (B) don't avoid to (C) never miss to (D) please fail not to 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 He _______ speak the language, let alone read or write it. (A) hardly (B) can't hard (C) can hardly (D) can't hardly 7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 My wife and I won't _______ forget that day. (A) ever (B) never (C) hardly (D) no more 8. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Upon graduation he went --- with a view to studying in a foreign university. (A) to overseas (B) oversea (C) to the oversea (D) overseas 9. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 If the doctor --- an hour earlier, the injured man would have been saved. (A) would have come (B) had come (C) came (D) would come 10. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Some people have a --- vacation in Spring. (A) seven-week (B) seven-weeks (C) seven weeks (D) seven weeks long 11. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 (A)I've planning a trip (B)to a hot spring resort (C)during my (D)spring vacation. 12. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 I (A)keep my socks in (B)a third drawer (C)from the top (D)in my bureau. 13. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 I (A)was surprised to (B)hear that a fire (C)broken out at the school (D)late last night. (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 Artist Winslow Homer is said ----- barred from one of his own exhibitions for trying to touch up his paintings while they were on display. (A) to been being (B) to have to be (C) having been (D) to have been 2. 空所補充問題 ----- that the improvements to general quality of life made possible by the Industrial Revolution were realized. (A) It was not until the mid-20th century (B) Not until the mid-20th century it was (C) Until the mid-20th century it was not (D) The mid-20th century wasn't until 3. 空所補充問題 Peoples such as the modern Polynesians, ----- metabolic systems have adapted by becoming very efficient, often develop a high incidence of obesity when a modern diet is introduced. (A) their (B) that (C) whose (D) which 4. 空所補充問題 Experimental evidence suggests that children learn ----- red before other colors. (A) distinguish (B) distinguished (C) distinguishing (D) to distinguish 5. 空所補充問題 A certain amount of academic freedom is necessary in order to bring ----- the technological advances a country needs to remain economically powerful. (A) across (B) through (C) around (D) about 6. 正誤問題 The volume of information (A)published every year is (B)thousand of times (C)greater than (D)it was 100 years ago. 7. 正誤問題 (A)Despite concerted efforts to keep the peace process (B)alive, difficult problems (C)continue and persist in (D)the Middle East. 8. 正誤問題 One unexpected development (A)resulting from the rapid progress of computer technology (B)is (C)the emergence of the industry of restoring and (D)to maintain antique computers. 9. 正誤問題 An increasing (A)numbers of drugs that (B)require a doctor's prescription (C)are being advertised directly to the general public, (D)rather than to doctors. 10. 正誤問題 (A)A mirage is an optical illusion usually (B)generating (C)when light is refracted irregularly in air of differing (D)densities near the ground. I-2 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題解答 (1) TOEIC 1. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 A Hamburg-bound passenger train derailed June 3 in northern Germany, killing over 100 people and seriously _______ 200. (A) injuring (B) injured (C) to injure (D) being injured 訳:6月3日、ドイツ北部でハンブルク行きの客車が脱線し、100人以上が死亡して200人が重傷を負った。 ※正解(A)。【着眼点】問題となる箇所はkilling over 100 people 「100人以上が死亡し」という分詞構文に並列することに注意。なおkillも他動詞であるが、injureも「〜を傷つける」という意味の他動詞であり、200「200人」が目的語となっている。 【選択肢】200が目的語にあり、(D)のように受け身にするのは誤り。 2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Walking in single file behind their teacher as she crossed the street _______ several elementary school students. (A) is (B) are (C) were (D) has been 訳:通りを渡る先生の後から1列に並んで歩いていくのは、何人かの小学生たちだった。 ※正解(C)。【着眼点】分詞 (Walking) とその分詞が引き連れる長い要素が前置された倒置構文。まずは空所の後が主語名詞句であり、かつ複数(several ... students)であることを押さえれば (A) のisと (D) のhas beenが消える。(B) と (C) の違いは時制だが、落ち着いて読み返せばas she crossedが目に止まるはず。asは時の接続詞。their(後方照応)はstudentsを指す。 3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 From the top of the Eiffel Tower _______ the whole city of Paris. (A) can see (B) can be seen (C) can be seeing (D) can have seen 訳:エッフェル塔の一番上からはパリ全体が眺められる。 ※正解(B)。【着眼点】From the top of the Eiffel Towerは場所の副詞句で、空所の後には動詞がなく、かつ選択肢はすべて動詞がらみとなれば当然倒置構文。ただ、この場合はseeが他動詞であるという点がひねりがきいている。「副詞句−他動詞−主語名詞句」がすべての要素で、目的語に当たるものがないのだから動詞は受け身で用いるしかない。the city of Parisは見られる側。 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 At no time _______ serious about his studies. (A) was John ever (B) was John never (C) when John was not (D) where John was ever 訳:ジョンは1度も勉強に真剣に取り組んだためしがない。 ※正解(A)。【着眼点】文頭のAt no timeは「決して〜ない」の意の熟語で、主語と述語動詞の結びつきを否定する。選択肢の中でV (was) −S (John) のように倒置が起こっているのは (A) と (B) だが、(B) のほうはneverに問題がある。否定の表現を二重に用いるのは非標準であり、TOEICでは不可。everは否定文で用いられて「これまでに1度も…ない」の意を表す。 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 When you have finished the book, _______ put it back on the shelf. (A) don't fail to (B) don't avoid to (C) never miss to (D) please fail not to 訳:その本を読み終えたら、必ず書棚に戻しておいてください。 ※正解(A)。【着眼点】否定の意味を表す慣用表現の問題。avoid や miss は to 不定詞を目的語にとることはない(動名詞はとる)ので、形を見た段階で候補からはずれる。問題は (A) と (D) だが、fail to 〜 (不注意などから〜しない)の場合、to 以下を否定の対象にすることはできない点に注意( → × He failed not to come.)。ということで (A) の don't fail to 〜(〜しそこなうな=必ず〜せよ)が正解。要するに、fail to の否定は「〜しないことはない」の意味で、結局「必ず〜する」という肯定的表現となるわけである。 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 He _______ speak the language, let alone read or write it. (A) hardly (B) can't hard (C) can hardly (D) can't hardly 訳:彼は言葉を話すのもままならない。ましてや読んだり書いたりできないのは言うまでもない。 ※正解(C)。 【着眼点】let alone ... は「ましてや…でないのは言うまでもない」の意で、否定文を受けて用いられる熟語。したがって、He ... language の部分が正しい否定文になるように選択肢を検討すればよい。正解は can hardly (speak) (=ほとんど話せない)となる。 【選択肢】speak の主語は He(3人称・単数)であり、副詞だけの挿入では依然として呼応に問題があるため (A) は不可。(B) の hard(一生懸命に)は意味の面でも、位置の面でも不可( → hard は動詞の後にくる)。(D) は否定語の hardly にさらに can't がついた二重否定で不可。 7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 My wife and I won't _______ forget that day. (A) ever (B) never (C) hardly (D) no more 訳:私たち夫婦はあの日のことを決して忘れないでしょう。 ※正解(A)。【着眼点】won't とすでに否定語があるから、二重否定をつくる (B) 〜 (D) はすべて不可。「not + ever」で never の意。二重否定は徹底攻略。 8. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Upon graduation he went --- with a view to studying in a foreign university. (A) to overseas (B) oversea (C) to the oversea (D) overseas 訳:卒業するとすぐ、彼は大学留学を目指して海外へ行った。 ※正解(D)。with a view to ...ing「〜するために、〜することを目指して」(D) overseas「海外へ(で)」「海外の」 9. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 If the doctor --- an hour earlier, the injured man would have been saved. (A) would have come (B) had come (C) came (D) would come 訳:もし医者が一時間早く来ていたら、その負傷した男は助かっただろう。 ※正解(B)。(B)仮定法過去完了「If + S + had + p.p., S +助動詞(過去) + have + p.p. (過去の事実に反する仮定)」 10. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Some people have a --- vacation in Spring. (A) seven-week (B) seven-weeks (C) seven weeks (D) seven weeks long 訳:春休みが7週間もある人もいる。 ※正解(A)。(A)「10歳の少女」a ten-year-old girlというように、a seven-week vacationとなる。(-)とweekの後ろに複数形のsのないことに注意。 11. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 (A)I've planning a trip (B)to a hot spring resort (C)during my (D)spring vacation. 訳:春休みに、温泉地へ旅行しようと計画しています。 ※正解(A)。I've → I'm。(A)現在進行形。hot spring [通例複数形で]「温泉」resort「行楽地、リゾート」 12. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 I (A)keep my socks in (B)a third drawer (C)from the top (D)in my bureau. 訳:たんすの上から3番目の引き出しに靴下を入れています。 ※正解(B)。a → the。(B)序数によって修飾された名詞には冠詞theを用いる。bureau [英]「書き物机」[米]「(鏡付きの)寝室用たんす」 13. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 I (A)was surprised to (B)hear that a fire (C)broken out at the school (D)late last night. 訳:昨夜遅く学校で火事が起きたと聞き驚いた。 ※正解(C)。broken out → broke out。(C) break out「(火事・戦争・暴動・流行病などが)突発する、起こる」[ヒント]breakの過去形はbroke。 (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 Artist Winslow Homer is said ----- barred from one of his own exhibitions for trying to touch up his paintings while they were on display. (A) to been being (B) to have to be (C) having been (D) to have been ※正解(D)。【解説】 空所以降では過去に起きたことについて述べている。したがって、ここではto have beenを使うことになる。touch up「手直しする」。 2. 空所補充問題 ----- that the improvements to general quality of life made possible by the Industrial Revolution were realized. (A) It was not until the mid-20th century (B) Not until the mid-20th century it was (C) Until the mid-20th century it was not (D) The mid-20th century wasn't until ※正解(A)。【解説】 notとuntilの組み合わせがポイント。It was not until... that 〜で「……になって初めて〜した」の意味になる。Industrial Revolution「産業革命」。 3. 空所補充問題 Peoples such as the modern Polynesians, ----- metabolic systems have adapted by becoming very efficient, often develop a high incidence of obesity when a modern diet is introduced. (A) their (B) that (C) whose (D) which ※正解(C)。【解説】 空所にtheirを入れては前後の文が繋がらない。空所の前にカンマがあるのでここでは関係代名詞thatは使えない。whichではadaptedの目的語がPolynesiansになり意味が通らない。正解は(C) whoseである。adapt「順応する(自動詞)」。incidence「発生率」、obesity「肥満」。 4. 空所補充問題 Experimental evidence suggests that children learn ----- red before other colors. (A) distinguish (B) distinguished (C) distinguishing (D) to distinguish ※正解(D)。【解説】 learnの後にto不定詞を続けて「他の色より先に赤を識別するようになる」の意味を笑わす。 5. 空所補充問題 A certain amount of academic freedom is necessary in order to bring ----- the technological advances a country needs to remain economically powerful. (A) across (B) through (C) around (D) about ※正解(D)。【解説】 空所にaboutを入れれば、bring about...「…… をもたらす」の意味になり、前後の文が繋がる。 6. 正誤問題 The volume of information (A)published every year is (B)thousand of times (C)greater than (D)it was 100 years ago. ※正解(B)。【解説】 thousand → thousands。publishedの前にはthat/which isが略されている。「何千倍」の意味にするには複数形thousandsを用いる。比較級greater thanと代名詞itの用法に誤りはない。 7. 正誤問題 (A)Despite concerted efforts to keep the peace process (B)alive, difficult problems (C)continue and persist in (D)the Middle East. ※正解(C)。【解説】 continue and→ カット。【解説】continue and persistに注目。persist「存続する、尾を引く」の前に、同じような意味のcontinueを使う必要はない。 8. 正誤問題 One unexpected development (A)resulting from the rapid progress of computer technology (B)is (C)the emergence of the industry of restoring and (D)to maintain antique computers. ※正解(D)。【解説】 to maintain → maintaining。to maintainはrestoringと同じようにthe industry of... の後に続いている。したがって、ここではto不定詞ではなく動名詞形maintainingにしなければならない。 9. 正誤問題 An increasing (A)numbers of drugs that (B)require a doctor's prescription (C)are being advertised directly to the general public, (D)rather than to doctors. ※正解(A)。【解説】 numbers → number。a number of「多くの」に形容詞increasing「ますます増える」が付け足されていると考える。したがって、複数形numbersが誤りとなる。prescription「処方箋」。 10. 正誤問題 (A)A mirage is an optical illusion usually (B)generating (C)when light is refracted irregularly in air of differing (D)densities near the ground. ※正解(B)。【解説】 generating → generated。mirage「蜃気楼」は可算名詞である。generate「引き起こす、発生させる」は他動詞なので、ここではgenerated(過去分詞)と受け身にしなくてはならない。接続詞whenとdensities「密度」に誤りはない。 II.時事英文 Vitamins (その5;15回シリーズ) Doctor Lind separated twelve sailors who had scurvy into two groups. He gave each group different foods to eat. One group got oranges and lemons. The other did not. The men who ate the fruit began to improve within seven days. The other men got weaker. Doctor Lind was correct. Eating citrus fruits prevents scurvy. Other doctors looked for foods to cure the diseases rickets and pellagra. They did not yet understand that they were seeing the problem from the opposite direction. That is, it is better to eat vitamin-rich foods to prevent disease instead of eating them to cure a disease after it has developed. III - a. 雑知識
III -b. 英語でどう言う? テーブルの角に頭をぶつける hit one's head against the corner of the table 【例文】I hit my head against the corner of the table as I tried to pick up my spoon from the floor. 階段から転げ落ちる fall down the stairs 【例文】My mother fell down the stairs in the dark. 石につまずく trip over a stone 【例文】My son tripped over a stone and fell on his way to school. ドアに指をはさまれる catch one's finger in the door 【例文】I caught my finger in the door of the train as it closed. III-c Phrases in the News 阪神大震災 例文:The Great Hanshin Earthquake, which struck on Jan. 17, 1995, is more commonly known outside of Japan as "Kobe earthquake." 1995年1月17日に起こった阪神大震災は、海外では「神戸震災」と呼ばれるのが普通だ。 IV. Jokes a. Some men were working at a sawmill when one of them got too close to the blade and had his ear lopped off. The other guys rummaged through the sawdust to look for it. "I found it!" yelled a co-worker. "Keep looking," said the earless one. "Mine had a pencil behind it." b. Apple computers have announced the launch of a music system that stores and plays tracks from inside breast implants. The new device, which will retail at $700, is expected to be a huge success as women are always complaining about men staring at their breasts but never listening to them. c. Do you know why they're now using lawyers instead of rats for scientific experiments? Because 1. There are many more lawyers than there are rats; 2. There is no danger of forming any attachment to the lawyers; 3. There are certain things even rats won't do. d. The other day it was so cold that a lawyer was actually spotted with his hands in his own pockets. e. Did you hear about the post office cancelling its commemorative stamp honoring lawyers? It seems people were confused - they didn't know which side to spit on. |