資料No. : NS090610
I-1 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題 (1) TOEIC 1. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 I don't suppose he's serious, _______? (A) do I (B) is he (C) has he (D) isn't he 2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The sales manager seldom ever visits our branch, _______? (A) did he (B) does he (C) isn't it (D) doesn't it 3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 _______ they can meet the deadline or not is the question. (A) If (B) When (C) That (D) Whether 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 I have _______ many CDs as Henry. (A) three times so (B) three time as (C) as three times (D) three times as 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The estimate we agreed upon was _______ of the two. (A) a lower (B) the lower (C) the lowest (D) the most lowest 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 When it comes to the atmosphere, this restaurant is not _______ as the one we went to last week. (A) as good (B) so better (C) more better (D) such the best 7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 _______ he survived such a terrible accident is a mystery to us. (A) As (B) How (C) Though (D) Therefore 8. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 I can't find my glasses in the usual place. They seem to have been --- . (A) placed (B) placing (C) misplaced (D) replaced 9. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 You shouldn't be hesitant to demand a --- on unsatisfactory goods. (A) refund (B) return (C) retrerat (D) recall 10. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 I had a splitting headache that evening, --- I went to bed much earlier than usual. (A) owing to (B) so (C) however (D) even when 11. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 I was a (A)little (B)hungry and asked the flight attendant (C)for a (D)glass of waqter. 12. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 (A)When I visited America, I (B)liked California (C)more better than (D)New York. 13. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 A raccoon, (A)which is a nocturnal (B)animal, is (C)active during the (D)day. (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 ----- the body's ability to produce proteins called antibodies upon exposure to infectious disease, no animal could survive an epidemic. (A) Were it not for (B) For it were not (C) It were not for (D) Not were in for 2. 空所補充問題 According to some economists, ----- primitive form of commodity transaction is not barter exchange, but theft. (A) most (B) the most (C) many (D) the much 3. 空所補充問題 ----- the theories developed to explain allergic reactions, no single one can explain all the observed phenomena. (A) Into (B) Of all (C) Out on (D) Throughout 4. 空所補充問題 Locks ----- those built on the Suez and Panama Canals allow ships to pass between bodies of water with varying water levels. (A) such as (B) as (C) that are (D) for 5. 空所補充問題 -----, an area of rain forest the size of 10-12 city blocks is lost to fire, logging and other forms of destruction. (A) For a minute (B) All minutes (C) The minutes (D) Every minute 6. 正誤問題 Plumbing was (A)virtually unknown in North American (B)homes (C)until the second half of (D)a 19th century. 7. 正誤問題 Students haven't reached a consensus (A)on whether we should switch (B)to a (C)two-semester year, and neither (D)the faculty has. 8. 正誤問題 (A)Which social insects such as ants and bees die, their bodies emit (B)hormones (C)that alarm other members of (D)their nest. 9. 正誤問題 Rising sea levels (A)resulted from global warming are (B)expected to pose the danger of major flooding in (C)heavily populated coastal areas (D)worldwide. 10. 正誤問題 Moscow is an inland city, (A)but (B)a system of canals makes (C)them accessible (D)from five seas. I-2 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題解答 (1) TOEIC 1. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 I don't suppose he's serious, _______? (A) do I (B) is he (C) has he (D) isn't he 訳:彼は本気じゃありませんよね。 ※正解(B)。【着眼点】I(don't)suppose [think, believe, guess, etc.] (that) ... の構文では、付加疑問は主節のI(don't)thinkからではなくthat節のほうからつくられる。また、この構文では、I don't suppose (that) ... のように形式上は主節が否定されているが、実質上のnotの作用はthat節が受けるものと見なされる。したがって、I don't suppose he's serious. から付加疑問をつくる際は、I suppose he isn't serious. からつくるのと同じ要領で考えることになる。なお、以上述べたことは、主節の主語がIでsupposeなどの動詞が単純現在時制のときにのみ当てはまる。 2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The sales manager seldom ever visits our branch, _______? (A) did he (B) does he (C) isn't it (D) doesn't it 訳:販売部長がうちの支店に顔を出すことはまずないよね。 ※正解(B)。【着眼点】先行節の主語は単数名詞で人 (sales manager) だから、付加疑問の部分にはheまたはsheが現れていないといけない。また、先行節の述語動詞は助動詞を含まない単純現在時制の一般動詞 (visits) であり、付加疑問の時制は先行節の時制に合わせるから、ここではdoesを用いることになる。seldomは生ずる位置によっては否定の力が弱まり、否定の付加疑問をとることもあるが、問題文のように動詞の前にきた場合は肯定の付加疑問が続いてさしつかえない。 3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 _______ they can meet the deadline or not is the question. (A) If (B) When (C) That (D) Whether 訳:彼らが締め切りに間に合わせられるかどうかが問題だ。 ※正解(D)。【着眼点】SV or notの節と結びついて全体として主語節を形成できるのは (D) のWhetherのみ。ifは主語節は導けない。 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 I have _______ many CDs as Henry. (A) three times so (B) three time as (C) as three times (D) three times as 訳:私はヘンリーの3倍多くのCDを持っている。 ※正解(D)。【着眼点】原級を用いた倍数表現ではas ... asの最初のasの直前にtwice, three [four, five, etc.] timesなどの倍数詞が置かれる。したがって正解は (D)。 【選択肢】 (A) はsoが不可だが、これは倍数表現に限らないので注意( → He is as [×so] tall as I.)。肯定文で用いられたas ... asをso ... asに代えた出題は誤文訂正問題でも頻出。(B) はtimeが単数形なので不可。(C) は語順が不可。 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The estimate we agreed upon was _______ of the two. (A) a lower (B) the lower (C) the lowest (D) the most lowest 訳:2つの提示額のうち、話がまとまったのは安いほうの見積りだった。 ※正解(B)。【着眼点】空所の後のof the twoに注目。2者間の比較で「より〜なほう」という文脈であるから (C) や (D) は不可だが、(D) のほうは最上級のlowestにmostがついていることからしても問題外。なお、(D) のような組み合わせは誤文訂正問題ではよく出されている。(A) は冠詞のaが問題。「2つのうちのより〜なほう」のように指し示す対象が1つに定まる文脈ではtheを用いる。 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 When it comes to the atmosphere, this restaurant is not _______ as the one we went to last week. (A) as good (B) so better (C) more better (D) such the best 訳:雰囲気ということで言えば、このレストランは先週行ったレストランほどは良くない。 ※正解(A)。【着眼点】比較の対象がas the oneとasで導入されているから原級比較であり、(A) を選ぶことになる。oneはここではrestaurantをくり返す代わりに用いられた代用表現。when it comes to 〜 は「〜に関して言えば、〜という点になると」の意の慣用表現。 7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 _______ he survived such a terrible accident is a mystery to us. (A) As (B) How (C) Though (D) Therefore 訳:あんな大事故に遭いながら彼がどうやって助かったのか不思議だ。 ※正解(B)。【着眼点】he survived such a terrible accidentは、これ自体が文として独立できる構造を備えており、その後には「is(V)+a mystery(C)+to us(副詞句)」という主語を欠く構造が続いている。このことから文頭にはhe ... accidentの節全体を主語として機能できる名詞節にまとめ上げる語が要求されているとわかる。そして、それが可能なのはhowだけである( → how ... = いかにして…したかというその方法)。 8. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 I can't find my glasses in the usual place. They seem to have been --- . (A) placed (B) placing (C) misplaced (D) replaced 訳:いつものところに眼鏡が見えない。どこかに置き忘れたらしい。 ※正解(C)。(C) misplace「(〜を)置き忘れる」(D) replace「(〜をもとの場所へ)戻す」 9. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 You shouldn't be hesitant to demand a --- on unsatisfactory goods. (A) refund (B) return (C) retrerat (D) recall 訳:満足のいかない商品の返金請求を、ためらうべきではない。 ※正解(A)。heitant「(〜するのを)ためらって」(A) refund「払戻(金)、返金」(C) retreat「退却」(D) recall「(欠陥商品の)回収、リコール」 10. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 I had a splitting headache that evening, --- I went to bed much earlier than usual. (A) owing to (B) so (C) however (D) even when 訳:その晩、頭が割れるように痛かった。それで、普段より早く床についた。 ※正解(B)。(A) owing to ...「〜のために、〜のおかげでて」(B) so [2つの文をつないで]「それで、そこで(理由や結果を述べる)」 11. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 I was a (A)little (B)hungry and asked the flight attendant (C)for a (D)glass of waqter. 訳:のどが少し渇いたので、スチュワーデスに水を1杯頼んだ。 ※正解(B)。hungry → thirsty。(B)「のどが渇いて」はthirsty 12. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 (A)When I visited America, I (B)liked California (C)more better than (D)New York. 訳:アメリカに行ったとき、ニューヨークよりカリフォルニアの方が気に入った。 ※正解(C)。more better → better / much better。(C) moreは比較級を修飾できない。much [形容詞・副詞の比較級を修飾して]「はるかに、ずっと、断然」 13. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 A raccoon, (A)which is a nocturnal (B)animal, is (C)active during the (D)day. 訳:アライグマは夜行性の動物で、夜間活発に動き回る。 ※正解(D)。day → night。raccoon「アライグマ」nocturnal「夜間活動する、夜行性の」 (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 ----- the body's ability to produce proteins called antibodies upon exposure to infectious disease, no animal could survive an epidemic. (A) Were it not for (B) For it were not (C) It were not for (D) Not were in for ※正解(A)。【解説】 ここでポイントとなっているのは語順倒置された仮定法の文Were it not for... 「もし……がなかったら」を知っているかどうかである。antibody「抗体」。 2. 空所補充問題 According to some economists, ----- primitive form of commodity transaction is not barter exchange, but theft. (A) most (B) the most (C) many (D) the much ※正解(B)。【解説】 manyとmuchが使えないのは明らか。primitive formの前に最上級のmostを使うには冠詞theが必要になる。commodity transaction「商品取引」、barter exchange「物々交換」。 3. 空所補充問題 ----- the theories developed to explain allergic reactions, no single one can explain all the observed phenomena. (A) Into (B) Of all (C) Out on (D) Throughout ※正解(B)。【解説】 Of all the theories... とすれば、「……の理論の内、どれ一つとして〜を説明できるのもはない」の意味になる。 4. 空所補充問題 Locks ----- those built on the Suez and Panama Canals allow ships to pass between bodies of water with varying water levels. (A) such as (B) as (C) that are (D) for ※正解(A)。【解説】 空所の後にはthose built... で具体的なLocks「閘門(運河で水位を調節して船舶を上・下降させる装置)」の例が挙げられているので、ここではsuch asを使うことになる。 5. 空所補充問題 -----, an area of rain forest the size of 10-12 city blocks is lost to fire, logging and other forms of destruction. (A) For a minute (B) All minutes (C) The minutes (D) Every minute ※正解(D)。【解説】 熱帯雨林が毎分どれだけ失われているかが述べられている。「毎分」はevery minuteで表現する。 6. 正誤問題 Plumbing was (A)virtually unknown in North American (B)homes (C)until the second half of (D)a 19th century. ※正解(D)。【解説】 a → the。virtually unknown「ほとんど知られていない」、可算名詞homes、前置詞untilの用法に問題はない。「19世紀」はthe 19th centuryと冠詞theを使う。 7. 正誤問題 Students haven't reached a consensus (A)on whether we should switch (B)to a (C)two-semester year, and neither (D)the faculty has. ※正解(D)。【解説】 the faculty has → has the faculty。neitherと否定語が前に出ていることに注目。このような場合には、has the facultyと語順倒置をしなくてはならない。 8. 正誤問題 (A)Which social insects such as ants and bees die, their bodies emit (B)hormones (C)that alarm other members of (D)their nest. ※正解(A)。【解説】 Which → When。Whichで始めてはこの文は成り立たない。Whenにすれば意味が通るようになる。emit「出す」。 9. 正誤問題 Rising sea levels (A)resulted from global warming are (B)expected to pose the danger of major flooding in (C)heavily populated coastal areas (D)worldwide. ※正解(A)。【解説】 resulted → resulting。この文の動詞はare expected ... である。resultedのままでは動詞が2つあることになる。ここはresultingと分詞にしなければならない。副詞heavily、worldwideの用法に問題はない。 10. 正誤問題 Moscow is an inland city, (A)but (B)a system of canals makes (C)them accessible (D)from five seas. ※正解(C)。【解説】 them → it。接続詞butと冠詞aに誤りはない。themはMoscowを指しているので、itにしなければ文が成り立たない。accessible from... 「……から近づきやすい」。 II.時事英文 Vitamins (その4;15回シリーズ) This brings us back to Casimir Funk. His studies of rice were part of a long search for foods that could cure disease. One of the first people involved in that search was James Lind of Scotland. In the seventeen-forties, Lind was a doctor for the British Navy. He was investigating a problem that had existed in the Navy for many years. The problem was the disease scurvy. So many sailors had scurvy that the Navy's fighting strength was very low. The sailors were weak from bleeding inside their bodies. Even the smallest wound would not heal. Doctor Lind thought the sailors were getting sick because they failed to eat some kinds of foods when they were at sea for many months. III - a. 雑知識
III -b. 英語でどう言う? タクシーを拾う get a taxi 【例文】I got a taxi in front of the station. タクシーに相乗りする share a taxi 【例文】We shared a taxi to the hotel. 運転手に料金を支払う pay the fare to the driver 【例文】Our boss paid the fare to the driver. タクシーから降りる get out of the taxi 【例文】Kate got out of the taxi at the entrance to the hospital. III-c Phrases in the News ネットいじめ 例文:Internet sites have in recent months become a vehicle for "Net bullying" among schoolchildren who use online bulletin boards to insult and harass each other. 例文:最近、小中学生の間で、インターネットの掲示板に悪口や嫌がらせを書きこむ「ネットいじめ」が横行している。 IV. Jokes a. My friend received a letter from her solicitor detailing the costs incurred during the purchase of her first flat. She made various sounds of woe as she read out a list of search fees and other payments she had failed to budget for. After the loudest exclamation of disgust, "I know the cost of postage has risen but this is absolutely outrageous - $3750 for stamp duty. And most of my correspondences with the solicitor has been by e-mail!" b. A friend of mine, a harried mother of four, had to renew her vehicle registration as one of her many chores she had one day. Mission accomplished, she left the license office and placed the sticker on the rear plate of her car. Then she stood up and said with satisfaction, "There, all done for another year!" To which an elderly gentleman watching replied, "Yes, but that's my car." c. On a brutally humid day, I walked past a miniature golf course and saw a dad following three small children from hole to hole. "Who's winning?" I asked. "I am," said one kid. "Me," said another. "No, me," yelled the third. Sweat dripping down his face, the dad gasped, "Their mother is." d. Service in the restaurant was abysmally slow. My husband was starting to flip out, so I tried to distract him with small talk. "You know," I said, "our friend Christi should be having her baby anytime now." "Really?" my husband snapped. "She wasn't even pregnant when we walked in here." |