資料No. : NS090603
I-1 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題 (1) TOEIC 1. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 A man in a black coat _______ me of my wallet. (A) attacked (B) stole (C) robbed (D) asked 2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 _______ our opinion, it would be better to ship them by air. (A) In (B) For (C) Of (D) As 3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Your prompt _______ to our proposal would be highly appreciated. (A) respond (B) response (C) to respond (D) responded 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Let them _______ as they like. They'll never listen to us. (A) do (B) to do (C) to be doing (D) to have done 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 I was just about to leave home, _______ the phone rang. (A) that (B) why (C) when (D) at that time 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Your children have passed the age _______ they need to worry about such illnesses. (A) why (B) how (C) when (D) which 7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The real estate agent has three apartments to show you _______ is very near your workplace. (A) , one of them (B) , one of which (C) none of whom (D) some of which 8. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The judge put a --- of the blame for the accident on him. (A) promise (B) process (C) portion (D) promotion 9. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 An attempt was --- to save the company. (A) done (B) had (C) caused (D) made 10. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 --- your papers to the committee by the end of this month. (A) Cut in (B) Turn in (C) Give up (D) Try on 11. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 I (A)needed one cup of (B)raisins, a banana, and (C)a apple (D)to make the fruit salad. 12. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 Milk is (A)usually sold (B)by the (C)pound (D)in America. 13. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 I (A)checked the (B)group's progress (C)every hour on (D)an hour. (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 James Monroe ----- the first U.S. president to tour the country while in office. (A) became (B) made (C) decided (D) strove 2. 空所補充問題 There is ----- debate these days about whether to put daylight saving time into effect all year round. (A) many (B) lots (C) much (D) a great deal 3. 空所補充問題 Negative comments can be helpful, as long as they embody ----- criticism, rather than gratuitous insults or complaints. (A) constructive (B) construction (C) constructing (D) constructed 4. 空所補充問題 ----- Charles Lindbergh attempted his solo flight across the Atlantic, he brought with him five sandwiches and a quart of water. (A) If (B) Whereas (C) Because (D) When 5. 空所補充問題 The Australian baobab tree is also called the bottle tree because ----- its distinctive bottle-shaped trunk. (A) for (B) to (C) of (D) as 6. 正誤問題 (A)Had the potential applications for the electronic computer (B)been better understood, personal computers might (C)be available decades (D)earlier. 7. 正誤問題 Historians generally agree (A)that New Zealander Richard William Pearse designed, (B)was building and flew (C)a powered monoplane several months (D)before the Wright brothers did. 8. 正誤問題 (A)The Roanoke, James and Potomac rivers, all in the state of Virginia, (B)have eroded gaps (C)in the portion of the Appalachian mountains (D)know as the Blue Ridge. 9. 正誤問題 Nanotechnology could make (A)it possible to inject (B)microscopically machines into the bloodstream, (C)which would carry (D)out a variety of health maintenance functions. 10. 正誤問題 (A)They are an obvious and intuitive (B)fact (C)that children learn more effectively about topics they are interested (D)in. I-2 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題解答 (1) TOEIC 1. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 A man in a black coat _______ me of my wallet. (A) attacked (B) stole (C) robbed (D) asked 訳:黒いコートを着た男が私の財布を奪いました。 ※正解(C)。「奪う、盗む」という意味の動詞が入るのではないかということは比較的容易に察しがつきます。だからといって、安易に(B)stole を選んではいけません。単語の用法が違うのです。動詞+人+ of +物の形をとる「奪う」でなければなりません。 2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 _______ our opinion, it would be better to ship them by air. (A) In (B) For (C) Of (D) As 訳:私たちの意見では、航空便で発送したほうがよいでしょう。 ※正解(A)。「私の意見では」という表現を、英語でそのまま覚えておくのが最も近道です。opinion に対しての前置詞が何になるのかを理屈で覚えようとしてもなかなか理解しきれるものではありません。 3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Your prompt _______ to our proposal would be highly appreciated. (A) respond (B) response (C) to respond (D) responded 訳:当社の提案に早急にお返事願えれば幸いです。 ※正解(B)。ビジネス・レターでよく使用される文です。Your の後ろには名詞があることが予想されますが、prompt の品詞を見極めることがまず大切です。これが「迅速な」の意味の形容詞であることが分かれば、その後ろに名詞がこなければいけないことが明らかになります。 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Let them _______ as they like. They'll never listen to us. (A) do (B) to do (C) to be doing (D) to have done 訳:彼らのしたいようにさせよう。私たちの言うことなんて聞かないだろうから。 ※正解(A)。「…させてあげる」の意味の使役動詞 let は、let +目的語+原形動詞の形をとります。 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 I was just about to leave home, _______ the phone rang. (A) that (B) why (C) when (D) at that time 訳:ちょうど家を出ようとしていたそのときに、電話が鳴った。 ※正解(C)。【着眼点】選択肢のうちで、接続詞機能を有し、かつコンマを介して2つの節を連結できるのは非制限用法をもつ関係副詞のwhenのみである。なお、この場合のwhenは前の節全体を先行詞とする。be about to 〜 は「まさに[今にも]〜しようとしている」の意。 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Your children have passed the age _______ they need to worry about such illnesses. (A) why (B) how (C) when (D) which 訳:あなたのお子さんたちは、そういった病気を心配する年齢はもう過ぎました。 ※正解(C)。【着眼点】選択肢はすべて関係詞だが、先行詞がthe ageという「時」を表す名詞句であるから (A) と (B) は消える。次に、このthe ageを受けてthey need to worry about such illnessesの節にどう結びつけていくかだが、the ageという名詞句のままではどこにも差し込む適当な場所はない。したがって、名詞句だけの代用となる関係代名詞 (which) は不可。whenであれば「その年齢において[その年齢のときに]they need to以下である」が成立するのでうまくつながることになる。 7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The real estate agent has three apartments to show you _______ is very near your workplace. (A) , one of them (B) , one of which (C) none of whom (D) some of which 訳:その不動産屋にはあなたに見せるアパートの物件が3つあるが、そのうちの1つはあなたの職場にとても近い。 ※正解(B)。【着眼点】whichやwhomがofを介して数[量]詞と結びつく'one [some, any, none, all, both, several, enough, many, few, etc.] of which [whom]'の形は非制限用法なので、コンマのない (C) , (D) は不可。加えて (C) は先行詞 (three apartments) が人でない点、(D) は関係詞節内の動詞が単数 (is) である点でも不可。コンマだけで節を結ぶ (A) も不可。 8. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The judge put a --- of the blame for the accident on him. (A) promise (B) process (C) portion (D) promotion 訳:裁判官は、その事故の責任の一端は彼にあるとした。 ※正解(C)。(B) process「過程、経過」(C) portion「部分」a portion of blame「責任の一端」(D) promotion「進級、昇進、助長」 9. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 An attempt was --- to save the company. (A) done (B) had (C) caused (D) made 訳:会社救済の試みがなされた。 ※正解(D)。(D) make an attempt to ...「〜しようと企てる、試みる」 10. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 --- your papers to the committee by the end of this month. (A) Cut in (B) Turn in (C) Give up (D) Try on 訳:今月までに委員会に書類を提出しなさい。 ※正解(B)。(A) cut in「口をはさむ、割り込む」(B) turn in「(書類などを)提出する」(D) try on「試着する」 11. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 I (A)needed one cup of (B)raisins, a banana, and (C)a apple (D)to make the fruit salad. 訳:フルーツ・サラダを作るのに、レーズン1カップ、バナナ1本、りんご1個必要だった。 ※正解(C)。a → an。(C) appleは母音aで始まるので冠詞はanを使う。 12. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 Milk is (A)usually sold (B)by the (C)pound (D)in America. 訳:アメリカでは、ミルクは普通1ガロンいくらで売られている。 ※正解(C)。pound → gallon。by [by the …の形で単位を表して]「〜を単位にして、〜で」(C) pound「ポンド(重量の単位)」gallon「ガロン(液量の単位)) 13. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 I (A)checked the (B)group's progress (C)every hour on (D)an hour. 訳:そのグループがどう進歩するのか、きっかり1時間ごとに観察した。 ※正解(D)。an → the。(D) (every hour) on the hour「(毎)正時に」 (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 James Monroe ----- the first U.S. president to tour the country while in office. (A) became (B) made (C) decided (D) strove ※正解(A)。【解説】 難しく考える必要はない。became the first U.S. president to... で「……した最初の合衆国大統領になった」の意味になる。strive「努力する」。 2. 空所補充問題 There is ----- debate these days about whether to put daylight saving time into effect all year round. (A) many (B) lots (C) much (D) a great deal ※正解(C)。【解説】 この場合のdebate「討論」は不可算名詞である。したがって、正解は(C)のmuchになる。 3. 空所補充問題 Negative comments can be helpful, as long as they embody ----- criticism, rather than gratuitous insults or complaints. (A) constructive (B) construction (C) constructing (D) constructed ※正解(A)。【解説】 embody「包含する」が動詞、criticismが目的語。ということは、空所には形容詞が入ることになる。正解は(A) constructive「建設的な」である。gratuitous「根拠のない」。 4. 空所補充問題 ----- Charles Lindbergh attempted his solo flight across the Atlantic, he brought with him five sandwiches and a quart of water. (A) If (B) Whereas (C) Because (D) When ※正解(D)。【解説】 If、Whereas、Becauseでは後ろの文と意味がつながらない。正解は(D) Whenである。 5. 空所補充問題 The Australian baobab tree is also called the bottle tree because ----- its distinctive bottle-shaped trunk. (A) for (B) to (C) of (D) as ※正解(C)。【解説】 because of ...で「……のために」の意味になる。したがって、正解は(C) ofである。baobab「バオバブ(熱帯アフリカ産の大木)」。 6. 正誤問題 (A)Had the potential applications for the electronic computer (B)been better understood, personal computers might (C)be available decades (D)earlier. ※正解(C)。【解説】 be → have been。問題文は仮定法過去完了If the potential applications had been... のHadを前に出して倒置した文である。したがって、might beではなく、might have beenとしなくてはならない。 7. 正誤問題 Historians generally agree (A)that New Zealander Richard William Pearse designed, (B)was building and flew (C)a powered monoplane several months (D)before the Wright brothers did. ※正解(B)。【解説】 was building → built。動詞designed, was building and flewに注目。was buildingだけ進行形になっているのはおかししい。他の2つに合わせて過去形builtにする。 8. 正誤問題 (A)The Roanoke, James and Potomac rivers, all in the state of Virginia, (B)have eroded gaps (C)in the portion of the Appalachian mountains (D)know as the Blue Ridge. ※正解(D)。【解説】 know → known。冠詞the、riversに呼応するhave、前置詞inの用法に問題はない。knowを過去分詞形knownにしなければ「……として知られている」の意味にならない。 9. 正誤問題 Nanotechnology could make (A)it possible to inject (B)microscopically machines into the bloodstream, (C)which would carry (D)out a variety of health maintenance functions. ※正解(B)。【解説】 microscopically → microscopic。itは不定詞to以下を指す代名詞。名詞machinesの前では副詞microscopicallyではなくmicroscopicを用いる。whichはmachinesを修飾する関係代名詞。carry out... で「……を実行する」の意味。Nanotechnology「ナノテクノロジー」。 10. 正誤問題 (A)They are an obvious and intuitive (B)fact (C)that children learn more effectively about topics they are interested (D)in. ※正解(A)。【解説】 They are → It is。【解説】an obvious factと単数形になっているので、文頭のThey areはIt isにしなければならない。 II.時事英文 Vitamins (その3;15回シリーズ) Funk was not able to separate the anti-berberi substance from the rice hulls; it was later shown to be thiamine. Other studies found that not all vitamines were amines. So the name was shortened to vitamin. But Funk was correct in recognizing their importance. Scientists have discovered fourteen kinds of vitamins. They are known as vitamins A, the B group, C, D, E and K. Scientists say vitamins help to carry out chemical changes within cells. If we do not get enough of the vitamins we need in our food, we are at risk of developing a number of diseases. III - a. 雑知識
III -b. 英語でどう言う? ストッキングが伝線する get a run in a stocking 【例文】Oh my, I've got a run in my stocking. 靴下に穴があく get a hole in one's sock 【例文】I've got a hole in my sock. セーターを裏返しに着る wear one's sweater inside out 【例文】Mike didn't notice he was wearing his sweater inside out. 体が大きくなって(衣服が)着られなくなる outgrow 【例文】My son has outgrown his pants. III-c Phrases in the News 耐震基準 例文:Only 50 percent of hospital buildings across Japan meet quake-resistance standards set by the central government, a health ministry survey shows. (IHT/Asahi: Jan. 12, 2009) 国の耐震基準を満たしている病院は全国で半数に過ぎないことが、厚生労働省の調査でわかった。 IV. Jokes a. When my mother-in-law passed away a year ago, she was buried next to her cottage. I took my grandchildren to gather leaves and pine cones to put on her grave. When we arrived at the grave, I asked if one of them would like to say a prayer. Oscar, six, said he knew one. We all held hands as he recited a French prayer he'd learn in school. Then he concluded as he and his classmates did every day: "Bon appetit!" Bon appetit (フランス語)旺盛な食欲、十分に召し上がれ b. The Fresno Bee is always fair and balanced. Reporting the weather, it forecast, "Precipitation is likely to be lower than normal, higher than normal or roughly the same as normal." c. Usually there's no computer problem I can't solve. But I met my match when I turned on my machine and was greeted with the message "Keyboard not detected. Hit any key to continue." d. Both retired, my wife and I were expecting our share of senior moments. One day, she came in the room I was in, stopped and looked around. "What did I come here for?" she said. I didn't want her to feel alone, so I replied, "Who are you?" |