資料No. : NS090513
I-1 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題 (1) TOEIC 1. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Some herbs can cause serious side effects, including severe liver damage, _______ taken in the wrong combinations or in the wrong amounts. (A) if (B) though (C) during (D) they are 2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Mr. Brown must have called it a day, _______ I saw him locking his office door. (A) until (B) despite (C) because (D) even although 3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 _______ you work all night, you won't finish by the morning. (A) Even (B) Even if (C) Furthermore (D) Nevertheless 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The man you just asked about is sitting near the window _______ the host and his wife. (A) among (B) besides (C) between (D) closely 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 In that area a lot of people carry concealed weapons _______ being attacked by bandits. (A) in case (B) just in case (C) in any case (D) in case of 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 We regret that _______ the typhoon we were not able to finish the project on time. (A) due for (B) owing from (C) because of (D) because 7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 I'm getting a little worried about Bill because I haven't heard from him _______. (A) lately (B) on late (C) now-a-day (D) in these days 8. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Even though Timothy has studied Chinese for five years, he ----- visit China itself. (A) has not (B) want to not (C) not wanting (D) has yet to 9. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Herman's secretary took some time off because of ----- last week. (A) her sick (B) she was sick (C) her illness (D) illness of hers 10. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 His father ----- him to study accounting. (A) encouraged (B) demanded (C) made (D) agreed 11. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 You (A)must give yourself (B)a chance if you (C)are to have any hope of (D)to succeed. 12. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 (A)Even though she (B)be only sixteen, she (C)is attending the university as (D)a full time student. 13. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 (A)I've had so much (B)trouble with this car that I'll never buy (C)another one (D)for that dealer. (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 ----- the mass extinction of 65 million years ago never occurred, humans may never have evolved. (A) Having (B) Has (C) Had (D) To have 2. 空所補充問題 Preschool programs are generally designed ----- the need for daycare and to provide opportunities for stimulation of physical, emotional and intellectual growth. (A) to fulfill both (B) fulfilling to both (C) both to fulfill (D) both in fulfillment 3. 空所補充問題 The steam-powered submarines ----- for the British navy in 1915 were never put into military action. (A) building (B) to build (C) build (D) built 4. 空所補充問題 In 1835, Joice Heth was reputed to ----- over 160 years old, and to have served as George Washington's nurse. (A) be (B) grow (C) age (D) live 5. 空所補充問題 Anna Pavlova, ----- lived from 1881 to 1931, is generally recognized as the foremost ballerina of the early 20th century. (A) which (B) where (C) whereby (D) who 6. 正誤問題 (A)As military global positioning systems become (B)available to the civilian sector, anyone (C)who with the right equipment can find (D)their exact location with ease. 7. 正誤問題 Jet fuel is (A)far more (B)high refined (C)than the fuel oil (D)used in diesel engines. 8. 正誤問題 Sympathetic magic often involves (A)attempt to cause events (B)to happen (C)by manipulating symbolic or representational (D)objects. 9. 正誤問題 The social security number is, (A)in effect, a national I.D. number (B)through which all manner of personal (C)informations on U.S. citizens can (D)be accessed. 10. 正誤問題 Many flowering plants, (A)such as the carnation, (B)having been native (C)to areas surrounding (D)the Mediterranean Sea. I-2 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題解答 (1) TOEIC 1. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Some herbs can cause serious side effects, including severe liver damage, _______ taken in the wrong combinations or in the wrong amounts. (A) if (B) though (C) during (D) they are 訳:薬草の中には調合の仕方や分量を間違えて飲むと、深刻な肝機能障害を含む重大な副作用を引き起こすものもある。 ※正解(A)。【着眼点】ifなどに導かれる副詞節中では「主語(=主節の主語と同一)+be動詞」が省かれる場合があることを思い出す。問題文の場合はif they (= some herbs) are taken ... のthey areが省かれたもの。 【選択肢】(C) は前置詞で問題外。(D) を選ぶとSome herbs ... damageとthey are ... amountsという2つの節を接続詞を介さずただコンマで結んだ形となってしまう。(B) のthoughはifと同様「主語+be動詞」の省略を許すが、文脈に合致しないのでこちらは意味的基準から不可。 2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Mr. Brown must have called it a day, _______ I saw him locking his office door. (A) until (B) despite (C) because (D) even although 訳:ブラウンさんはきっと仕事を切り上げたんでしょう。事務所のドアにカギをかけているところを見ましたから。 ※正解(C)。【着眼点】「must+have+過去分詞 (called) 」は過去の事柄に関する現在の推量を表し「〜したに違いない」の意。call it a dayは「(その日の仕事などを)切り上げる」の意。「仕事を切り上げたに違いない」と推量することと「事務所のドアにカギをかけているところを見た」ということの関連性を考えると、後者は前者のように推量することの根拠・理由として述べられていることがわかる。 【選択肢】(B) は前置詞。(D) のevenはalthoughと結びつくこと自体ない。 3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 _______ you work all night, you won't finish by the morning. (A) Even (B) Even if (C) Furthermore (D) Nevertheless 訳:たとえ徹夜でやっても、朝までに仕上がることはないだろう。 ※正解(B)。【着眼点】文頭にきて後続する2つの節を文法的・意味的に結合できるのは従位接続詞のifを含む (B) のみ。even if 〜 は「たとえ〜でも」の意。 【選択肢】evenだけが独立して従位接続詞機能を果たすことはない。furthermore(さらにその上に)やnevertheless(それにもかかわらず)は、「前に言われたこと」とのつながりを示すもので、後続する2つの節どうしをこれらによって結ぶことはできない。 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The man you just asked about is sitting near the window _______ the host and his wife. (A) among (B) besides (C) between (D) closely 訳:あなたが今し方お尋ねになった方は、窓の近くでホスト夫妻にはさまれて座っているあの方です。 ※正解(C)。【着眼点】消去法でいくと、amongは3人以上に用いるから (A) は不可。besidesには位置関係の近さを表す用法はないから (B) も不可。closelyは副詞で問題外。ということで正解は (C) となる。英語では、このようにまずnear the windowと大まかなほうを言って、続くbetween the host and his wifeで絞り込む、という形が好まれる (cf. out in the garden)。 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 In that area a lot of people carry concealed weapons _______ being attacked by bandits. (A) in case (B) just in case (C) in any case (D) in case of 訳:その地域では、追いはぎに遭ったときの用心に多くの人が武器を隠し持って歩いている。 ※正解(D)。【着眼点】空所の後の -ing形(動名詞)とうまくつながるものをさがすと、群前置詞の (D) となる。in case of 〜は「〜に備えて、〜の用心のために」ということで、この意の場合は文の後半に位置するのが通例。もう1つ「〜の場合は、〜が起こったら」の意もあるが、その場合は文頭がふつう。 【選択肢】(A) はifの意の群接続詞または「万一に備えて」の意の副詞句。(B) は副詞句としての (A) にjustがついたもの。(C) は「とにかく、いずれにせよ」の意の副詞句。 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 We regret that _______ the typhoon we were not able to finish the project on time. (A) due for (B) owing from (C) because of (D) because 訳:台風のためにプロジェクトが予定どおり終了できなかったのが残念である。 ※正解(C)。【着眼点】「台風のために」の意を伝える正しい群前置詞を選ぶ問題。 【選択肢】dueとowingはいずれもtoと結びついて「〜のために」の意になる。(D) のbecauseは接続詞。 7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 I'm getting a little worried about Bill because I haven't heard from him _______. (A) lately (B) on late (C) now-a-day (D) in these days 訳:このところビルから連絡がないので少し心配になってきてるところだ。 ※正解(A)。【着眼点】「このところ彼から連絡がない」という文脈。latelyは「最近」の意で通例完了形とともに用いる。 【選択肢】(B) はof late(=lately)なら可。(C) は「今日[当節]の」の意の形容詞。「今日[近頃]では」はthese daysとは言うがinはつけない( → cf. in those days)。 8. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Even though Timothy has studied Chinese for five years, he ----- visit China itself. (A) has not (B) want to not (C) not wanting (D) has yet to 訳:ティモシーは5年間中国語を勉強しているが、まだ実際に中国を訪れたことはない。 ※正解(D)。解説 have yet to do は「まだ〜したことがない」の意味。よって正解は (D) の has yet to となる。そのほかの選択肢では、いずれも文が成り立たない。 9. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Herman's secretary took some time off because of ----- last week. (A) her sick (B) she was sick (C) her illness (D) illness of hers 訳:ヘルマン氏の秘書は先週、病気のためにしばらく休んだ。 ※正解(C)。解説 because of の後には名詞が来るべきなので、 (C) の her illness を選ぶ。 (A) 、 (B) の sick は「病気の」という意味の形容詞であることに注意。また、 (D) の illness of hers は冠詞( a 、 the )がないために当てはまらない。 10. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 His father ----- him to study accounting. (A) encouraged (B) demanded (C) made (D) agreed 訳:父親は会計学を勉強するよう彼を励ました。 ※正解(A)。解説 (A)encouraged (〜を励ました)、 (B)demanded (〜を要求した)、 (C)made (〜を作った)、 (D)agreed (〜ということを認めた)のうち、「動詞 + 〜 +to do 」の形を取れるのは (A) のみ。 11. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 You (A)must give yourself (B)a chance if you (C)are to have any hope of (D)to succeed. 訳:成功したいと思うのなら、自分自身でチャンスをつかまなければならない。 ※正解(D)。to succeed → success / succeeding。hope<または複数形で用いられる> [+ of, + for]「期待、有望な見込み」 12. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 (A)Even though she (B)be only sixteen, she (C)is attending the university as (D)a full time student. 訳:彼女はわずか16歳だが、正規の大学生として学校に行っている。 ※正解(B)。be → is。(A) even though「〜であるのに、〜だが」[ヒント]三人称単数の主語に呼応する動詞の形。 13. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 (A)I've had so much (B)trouble with this car that I'll never buy (C)another one (D)for that dealer. 訳:この車は故障ばかり起こすので、あのディーラーからは二度と買わない。 ※正解(D)。for that dealer → from that dealer。(D)ものを「〜から」買うのはfrom ...を用いる。 (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 ----- the mass extinction of 65 million years ago never occurred, humans may never have evolved. (A) Having (B) Has (C) Had (D) To have ※正解(C)。【解説】 問題文は、If the mass extinction of 65 million years ago had never occurred... のHadを文頭に移動しifを省略した仮定法過去完了の文である。 2. 空所補充問題 Preschool programs are generally designed ----- the need for daycare and to provide opportunities for stimulation of physical, emotional and intellectual growth. (A) to fulfill both (B) fulfilling to both (C) both to fulfill (D) both in fulfillment ※正解(C)。【解説】 and to provide ... に着目する。(C) both to fulfillを空所に入れればboth to fulfill... and to provide... とboth A and Bの形になる。 3. 空所補充問題 The steam-powered submarines ----- for the British navy in 1915 were never put into military action. (A) building (B) to build (C) build (D) built ※正解(D)。【解説】 空所に過去分詞builtを入れれば、were never putがこの文の動詞になり文が成立する。builtの前にはthat wereが略されている。 4. 空所補充問題 In 1835, Joice Heth was reputed to ----- over 160 years old, and to have served as George Washington's nurse. (A) be (B) grow (C) age (D) live ※正解(A)。【解説】 難しく考えることはない。beを空所に入れればwas reputed to be over 160 years old... 「160歳以上であったと言われていた」の意味になる。 5. 空所補充問題 Anna Pavlova, ----- lived from 1881 to 1931, is generally recognized as the foremost ballerina of the early 20th century. (A) which (B) where (C) whereby (D) who ※正解(D)。【解説】 Anna Pavlovaはロシアの舞踏家であるので、関係代名詞whoを使えば、lived... 以下がAnna Pavlovaを後ろから説明することになる。 6. 正誤問題 (A)As military global positioning systems become (B)available to the civilian sector, anyone (C)who with the right equipment can find (D)their exact location with ease. ※正解(C)。【解説】 who → カットする。anyone以下の文の動詞部はcan find... なので、anyoneの後のwhoは不必要である。 7. 正誤問題 Jet fuel is (A)far more (B)high refined (C)than the fuel oil (D)used in diesel engines. ※正解(B)。【解説】 high → highly。farはmoreを強調する副詞。highは形容詞refinedを修飾しているのでhighlyと副詞 形にしなければならない。thanとusedに問題はない。 8. 正誤問題 Sympathetic magic often involves (A)attempt to cause events (B)to happen (C)by manipulating symbolic or representational (D)objects. ※正解(A)。【解説】 attempt → an attempt/attempts。attemptは「試み」の意味の加算名詞なので、an attempt、あるいは、attemptsと複数形にする必要がある。sympathetic magic「共感呪術」。 9. 正誤問題 The social security number is, (A)in effect, a national I.D. number (B)through which all manner of personal (C)informations on U.S. citizens can (D)be accessed. ※正解(C)。【解説】 informations → information。うっかりすると見逃してしまいそうな間違いである。informationは不可算名詞なので複数のsはつかない。 10. 正誤問題 Many flowering plants, (A)such as the carnation, (B)having been native (C)to areas surrounding (D)the Mediterranean Sea. ※正解(B)。【解説】 having been → are。having beenのままでは、この文には動詞がないことになる。areを使えばいいのである。 II.時事英文 Sports Doping (その11:全11回シリーズ) So what is wrong with doping? That is a question some people ask, even some health experts. These people support the idea of medically supervised doping. They say it would reduce the dangers. They say competitions would be fairer if all the competitors were openly permitted to take part in doping. The World Anti-Doping Agency published a statement from its medical director. Alain Garnier said doctors should have nothing to do with doping. Doctor Garnier said helping athletes perform better is not necessarily good for their health. And he called it wrong and irresponsible to say that permitting doping would create an equal playing field. To accept doping, he said, would permit economic resources and scientific expertise to decide competition. And, he said, only those with the resources and the expertise would win. III - a. 雑知識
III -b. 英語でどう言う? 地震が起こる have an earthquake 【例文】We had a strong earthquake this morning. 火事で全焼する be burned down in the fire 【例文】His house was burned down in the fire last night. 雷が落ちる be struck by lightning 【例文】The power pole was struck by lightning. 豪雨で浸水する be flooded by a heavy rain 【例文】Several hundred houses were flooded above / below floor level by the heavy rain. III-c 今週のイディオム shoot the breeze むだ話をする、雑談をする (have an informal conversation about unimportant things) 無駄な行為を「そよ風(breeze)を撃つ」ことにたとえた慣用表現で、「重要でもない話をだらだらとする」、「あてもなくおしゃべりをする」という意味です。口語の「だべる」や「(肝心な仕事をせずに)油を売る」という意味でも使います。 I had nothing to say. I just wanted to shoot the breeze with you. (特に伝えたいことがあったわけではない。ただ、君とおしゃべりをしたかっただけだ) Let's meet for coffee and simply shoot the breeze for a while. (会ってコーヒーでも飲みながら、しばらく雑談でもしましょう) Jack and his pals spend a lot of time drinking beer and shooting the breeze. (ジャックと彼の友達は、ビールを飲みながら延々と雑談する) Stop shooting the breeze and get back to work immediately. (油を売っていないで、すぐに仕事に戻りなさい) IV. Jokes a. When your last name is Angel, you hear all the jokes. Once, my wife and I dropped into a chapel for a cup of tea. Afterwards, we called a cab. A half-hour later, it finally pulled up. "Sorry about the delay," the driver said. "But when I read the message left on my board, I thought it was a hoax. It said, 'Pick up two angels from the Methodist church.' " b. Hygiene is in the eye of the beholder, I've decided. One lunchtime I watched the woman in the sandwich shop spreading mayonnaise on my bread, and noticed part of her grubby work shirt was dragging across it. "Excuse me," I ventured, "your sleeve is in the mayo." "No problem," she reassured me. "I need to wash it anyway." c. My husband was working away from home at one point and asked me to give him a call at 6 am to ensure he was awake. I did as he requested. He picked up the phone and said, "Good, now call me back at eight." "Why did you want me to call at six if you weren't going to get out of bed until eight?" I asked. "To make sure you were up," he replied. d. During a road trip, I got pretty hungry and stopped in a small town to grab a bite to eat. When I walked into a local pizza place, the first thing I noticed was a sign on the wall advising: "Quality. Service. Price. Pick Any Two." e. At first it was funny. Whenever our mother played the piano, our poodle, Mollie, would sing along enthusiastically, in an earsplitting howl. We would all laugh, but after a while my dad couldn't take it any longer. "For Pete's sake," he begged, "play something the dog doesn't know." |