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資料No. ： NS090422
I-1 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題 (1) TOEIC 1. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 When she threatened to leave him, Tony thought _______ was only a bluff. (A) he (B) she (C) it (D) itself 2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 I think all managers must help _______ employee develop his or her potential. (A) each one of the (B) every of their (C) an every (D) each 3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Dr. Schneider has been engaged in _______ for ten years. (A) making cancer research (B) many cancer researches (C) a cancer research (D) cancer research 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Please be sure to include _______ on the application form. (A) all information (B) all the informations (C) your all information (D) the all pieces of information 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Not only Vince but also Tim _______ to part of Max's fortune. (A) are heirs (B) is the heir (C) is an heir (D) is a heir 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 _______ first reached us in early September regarding this problem. (A) Word (B) A word (C) A news (D) Informations 7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 I've heard that Sid _______ to Yale. (A) is scholarship (B) got scholarship (C) won a scholarship (D) winned a scholarship 8. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The first men to set foot --- the moon were Americans. (A) over (B) on (C) into (D) toward 9. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 He rudely --- our conversation. (A) cut in on (B) cut in (C) cut (D) cut on 10. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Do you have anything --- ? (A) of worrying (B) to worry (C) worried (D) to worry about 11. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 Peter asked me (A)meeting his (B)parents (C)at the station as he was unable (D)to take off from work. 12. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 I was (A)apprenticed to (B)a plumber (C)when I (D)reach the age of sixteen. 13. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 I (A)was invited to (B)the open house of the play by my friend (C)who was (D)appearing in it. (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 When the tunnel connecting France ----- England was completed in the 1990s, they created the first dry connection between the two land masses since the Ice Age. (A) for (B) with (C) while (D) where 2. 空所補充問題 The fiber produced by some species of spider ----- that it has up to 200 times the tensile strength of steel wire of the same thickness. (A) so resilient (B) is so resilient (C) is resilient (D) which is so resilient 3. 空所補充問題 The lack of detailed information on the private life of Shakespeare has led to ----- that he may be a legendary figure. (A) speculate (B) speculating (C) speculation (D) speculative 4. 空所補充問題 According to Einstein's theory of relativity, the speed of light is not relative, ----- constant. (A) but (B) and (C) or (D) despite 5. 空所補充問題 The controversy over whether the solar system ----- heliocentric began before, and continued long after Copernicus formally proposed the idea. (A) being (B) were (C) is (D) has been 6. 正誤問題 (A)Beer was (B)considered an important source of nutrition in (C)a 17th century, especially (D)on long sea voyages. 7. 正誤問題 (A)Given a limited supply of essential nutrients, the rate (B)which a population of microorganisms (C)increases will limit the duration of (D)its growth. 8. 正誤問題 As is (A)the cases with many artists, the genius of French (B)critic, composer and conductor Louis Hector Berlioz (C)was not understood (D)until decades after his death in 1869. 9. 正誤問題 (A)Ever since the earliest (B)existing texts were set down, writers have always used similes (C)or metaphors to get a point (D)around. 10. 正誤問題 (A)Any birth that occurs (B)less than 37 weeks (C)after conception is considered premature, (D)requires special medical attention. I-2 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題解答 (1) TOEIC 1. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 When she threatened to leave him, Tony thought _______ was only a bluff. (A) he (B) she (C) it (D) itself 訳：彼女が別れるとおどしをかけてきたとき、ただのはったりだろうとトニーは思った。 ※正解（C）。【着眼点】threaten to 〜 は「〜すると言っておどしをかける」で、leave himはここでは「彼と別れる」の意。himは後方照応的用法でTonyを指す。Tony thought以下はsheのおどしに対するTonyの内心の反応だが_____ (S) was (V) a bluff (C) → S = C → bluff=「はったり」の流れで考えるとitが正解とわかる。itは「彼女が行ったおどし行為」を指す（ → itは先行文脈の「内容」を受けて用いることも可能）。 【選択肢】「人＝a bluff」も「単独再帰代名詞＝主語」も成立しない。 2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 I think all managers must help _______ employee develop his or her potential. (A) each one of the (B) every of their (C) an every (D) each 訳：管理職にある人間は皆、各社員が自己の潜在的能力を開発できるよう援助していかねばならないと思う。 ※正解（D）。【着眼点】空所の後のemployeeは可算名詞の#単数形#。「each (one) of the＋名詞」の形式自体は存在するが、#この場合の名詞は複数#でないといけない。したがって (A) は不可。everyは代名詞用法をもたず、また冠詞を伴うこともないので (B), (C) も誤り。eachを形容詞で用いて単数名詞のemployeeにかける (D) であれば問題はない。 3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Dr. Schneider has been engaged in _______ for ten years. (A) making cancer research (B) many cancer researches (C) a cancer research (D) cancer research 訳：シュナイダー博士は10年来ガン研究に従事している。 ※正解（D）。【着眼点】research（研究）の語法は少々やっかいで、基本的には不可算だが、複数形で用いることも可能。ただし、複数形の場合でもmanyや数詞と結びつくのは通例不可。数えるにはtwo[three...] pieces of researchのような形をとる必要がある。なお、a researchという言い方もしない。 【選択肢】(A) については、そもそもmake research自体が誤った言い回し（ → do researchとは言う）。 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Please be sure to include _______ on the application form. (A) all information (B) all the informations (C) your all information (D) the all pieces of information 訳：申し込み用紙にはすべてにわたって記入漏れのなきようにお書きください。 ※正解（A）。【着眼点】all, some, noなどは可算名詞の他に不可算名詞とも結びつく（with all speed（全速力で））。informationが不可算名詞であることは完全に頭に入れておくべき。 【選択肢】allは他の限定詞に先行する場合はよい（all the[your] 〜 ）が後続する形は不可 （×the [your] all 〜 ）なので (C), (D) は消える。(B) は不可算のinformationが複数形になっている点で不可。 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Not only Vince but also Tim _______ to part of Max's fortune. (A) are heirs (B) is the heir (C) is an heir (D) is a heir 訳：ヴィンスだけでなくティムもマックスの財産の一部を相続する1人である。 ※正解（C）。【着眼点】定冠詞が「唯一性」の意味を含むのに対し、不定冠詞は「複数個の中の任意の1つ」を表すという性質をもつ（X is the heir to Y.（ＸはＹの（唯一の）相続人だ）；X is an heir to Y.（相続人（の1人）だ））。空所部分の主語はTimのほうだが相続人 (heir) は彼以外にVinceもいるわけであり、候補にあがるのは不定冠詞のついたheirとなる。その上で大事なのは、heirが母音で始まる語だという点（ → 語頭のhは黙字で発音されない）。なお、(A) は主語 （=Tim） との呼応に問題がある。 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 _______ first reached us in early September regarding this problem. (A) Word (B) A word (C) A news (D) Informations 訳：この問題についての知らせは9月の初旬になって初めて私どものもとに届きました。 ※正解（A）。【着眼点】newsやinformationは不可算名詞で不定冠詞のついた (C) や複数形の (D) が誤りなのは明らかだが、問題は (A), (B) におけるwordの用法。wordは「単語」などの意では可算名詞であるのに対し、「知らせ、便り」を意味するときは不可算名詞として用いられる。問題文の文脈では後者の意なのでa wordは不可。同じ語が可算・不可算の両用法をもつ場合は文脈の見極めが大事。 7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 I've heard that Sid _______ to Yale. (A) is scholarship (B) got scholarship (C) won a scholarship (D) winned a scholarship 訳：シドはエール大学に入る奨学金を得たそうだ。 ※正解（C）。【着眼点】「奨学金」の意のscholarshipは可算名詞なのでaのついた (C) と (D) が候補だが、win（＝不規則活用動詞）の過去形はwonだから (C) のほうが正解。 【選択肢】(A) についてはis on a scholarship（奨学金をもらっている）という言い方はある。(B) はaをつければ通る。 8. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The first men to set foot --- the moon were Americans. (A) over (B) on (C) into (D) toward 訳：月に最初に足を踏み入れたのは、アメリカ人だった。 ※正解（B）。(B) set foot on ...「〜に足を踏み入れる」 9. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 He rudely --- our conversation. (A) cut in on (B) cut in (C) cut (D) cut on 訳：彼は、われわれの会話に突然口をはさんできた。 ※正解（A）。(A) cut in on ...「〜に口をはさむ」 10. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Do you have anything --- ? (A) of worrying (B) to worry (C) worried (D) to worry about 訳：何か心配事があるの？ ※正解（D）。worry [形] (D) worry about ...「〜のことで心配する、気に病む」to worry aboutはanythingを修飾する不定詞の形容詞的用法。 11. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 Peter asked me (A)meeting his (B)parents (C)at the station as he was unable (D)to take off from work. 訳：仕事から手が離せないため、ピーターは両親を駅に迎えに行ってくれるようわたしに頼んだ。 ※正解（A）。meeting → to meet。(A) (人に)〜するように頼むときは「ask +目+ to do」 12. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 I was (A)apprenticed to (B)a plumber (C)when I (D)reach the age of sixteen. 訳：16歳になったとき、水道業者に奉公に出た。 ※正解（D）。reach → reached。(A) apprentice [+目+ to + (代)名]「(人を〜の所へ)年季奉公に出す」(B) plumber「配管工、水道業者」[ヒント]時制に注意。 13. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 I (A)was invited to (B)the open house of the play by my friend (C)who was (D)appearing in it. 訳：わたしは友人の出演者から、初日に招待された。 ※正解（B）。the open house → the opening night。(B) open house「自宅解放パーティー、オープンハウス(だれでも来客を気軽に迎えてもてなすパーティー)」opening night「(演劇・映画などの)初演、初日(の夜)」(D) appear [+ on, + in]「(俳優などが〜に)出演する」 (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 When the tunnel connecting France ----- England was completed in the 1990s, they created the first dry connection between the two land masses since the Ice Age. (A) for (B) with (C) while (D) where ※正解（B）。【解説】 空所に接続詞while、関係副詞whereが入るはずがない。動詞connectingと一緒に用いられる前置詞は何か？正解は(B) withである。 2. 空所補充問題 The fiber produced by some species of spider ----- that it has up to 200 times the tensile strength of steel wire of the same thickness. (A) so resilient (B) is so resilient (C) is resilient (D) which is so resilient ※正解（B）。【解説】 接続詞thatの前にこの文の動詞がなければこの文は成立しない。is so resilientを空所に入れればso...that構文になる。 3. 空所補充問題 The lack of detailed information on the private life of Shakespeare has led to ----- that he may be a legendary figure. (A) speculate (B) speculating (C) speculation (D) speculative ※正解（C）。【解説】 leadの後のtoは前置詞である。したがって、この後には名詞が来るはずである。正解は(C)speculationである。lead to speculation that... 「……だという憶測を呼ぶ」。 4. 空所補充問題 According to Einstein's theory of relativity, the speed of light is not relative, ----- constant. (A) but (B) and (C) or (D) despite ※正解（A）。【解説】 not... but〜を使えば、「……ではなく〜である」の意味になる。 5. 空所補充問題 The controversy over whether the solar system ----- heliocentric began before, and continued long after Copernicus formally proposed the idea. (A) being (B) were (C) is (D) has been ※正解（C）。【解説】 空所にはwhether節の動詞が入る。ここは（不変の）事実を述べているのでbe動詞はisを用いる。heliocentric「太陽を中心とした」。 6. 正誤問題 (A)Beer was (B)considered an important source of nutrition in (C)a 17th century, especially (D)on long sea voyages. ※正解(C)。【解説】 a → the。Beerの前に冠詞は必要ない。受け身としてのconsideredに問題はない。17th centuryの前ではaではなくtheを使わなくてはいけない。前置詞onの用法に誤りはない。 7. 正誤問題 (A)Given a limited supply of essential nutrients, the rate (B)which a population of microorganisms (C)increases will limit the duration of (D)its growth. ※正解(B)。【解説】 which → at which。Givenは分詞構文である。whichの前にatがなければ前後の文が繋がらない。increasesとitsに問題はない。 8. 正誤問題 As is (A)the cases with many artists, the genius of French (B)critic, composer and conductor Louis Hector Berlioz (C)was not understood (D)until decades after his death in 1869. ※正解(A)。【解説】 the cases → the case。As isの後に複数形のthe casesが来るのはどう見てもおかしい。As is the case with... で「……の場合と同様に」の意味になる。 9. 正誤問題 (A)Ever since the earliest (B)existing texts were set down, writers have always used similes (C)or metaphors to get a point (D)around. ※正解(D)。【解説】 around → across。Ever since「……以来」、existing「存在する」、orの用法に誤りはない。aroundをacrossにすれば、get... acrossで「……伝える」の意味になる。 10. 正誤問題 (A)Any birth that occurs (B)less than 37 weeks (C)after conception is considered premature, (D)requires special medical attention. ※正解(D)。【解説】 requires → requiring / and requires。is consideredがこの文の動詞である。その後にrequiresを使うと動詞が２つになってしまう。ここはrequiring（分詞構文）、あるいは、and requiresにしなければ文が成り立たない。 II.時事英文 Sports Doping (その9：全11回シリーズ) One method of doping is called blood doping. This is the use of substances like hormones or blood itself to increase the production of red blood cells. That way the blood moves more oxygen to the muscles, increasing their strength and performance. One such hormone is EPO. It is said to be most useful to athletes in endurance sports such as cycling and distance running. Doctors say hormones used for blood doping thicken the blood and increase the chances of heart disease and stroke. Also, the use of blood from another person can spread viruses. But doctors say even the use of a person's own blood to increase the level of red blood cells in the body can raise the risk of heart disease and stroke. III - a. 雑知識
III-b. 英語のことわざ ◆You don't get something for nothing◆ According to this proverb, you will never achieve anything unless you try. You have to take action, you have to do something, before you get what you want. If you do nothing, you get nothing. III -c. 英語でどう言う？ 丸刈りにしてもらう get one's hair clisely cropped 【例文】I got my hair closely cropped at the barbershop last week. 髪を染める dye one's hair 【例文】My son has dyed his hair brown. 三つ編みにする wear one's hair in braids 【例文】That girl always wears her hair in braids. パーマをかける get a permanent 【例文】My mother gets a permanent once a month at a beauty parlor. III-d 今週のイディオム try (something) on for size 自分に合うかどうか試してみる (test something so you can form an opinion about it) 洋服や靴などを、店で試しに着たり履いたりすることから生まれた慣用表現です。現在では、試着に限らず計画や提案などが有効かどうか「検討してみる」という意味でも使われます。 If you like this dress, why don't you try it on for size? (このドレスが気に入ったなら、試着してみたらどう？) You can take this dining set home, try it on for size, and return it if you are unhappy. (このダイニングセットを家に持ち帰って、試しに使ってみていいよ。気に入らなければ返品すればいいんだから) I'm not sure if it works or not, but I would like to try his idea on for size. (うまく行くかどうかわからないけど、彼のアイデアを検討してみたいのです) This is the most expensive car we've got. Would you like to try this on for size? (これが当店で一番高価な車です。試乗してみたいですか？) IV. Jokes a. Because he works in construction, my husband thinks he can figure out pretty much any home repair himself. So after a wheel broke off the foot of our bed, I was surprised when he asked, "Hey, hon, can you get me that fix-it book you bought?" The next day, I looked down to where the broken wheel had been. In its place, propping up the bed, was the book. b. Our office manager is a real tyrant when it comes to keeping the printer area obsessively clean. Recently, a colleague printed something, but when he went over to pick up the document, it was gone. "You know I throw out everything that's more bthan 24 hours old," the manager told him. "But I just printed it," my friend insisted. "Sorry," she said. "but I'm not in tomorrow." c. My secretary liked to yammer on the phone with friends. One day I was about to interrupt her chat to tell her to get back to work, when she looked up at the clock and put an end to the conversation. "Sorry, I have to hang up now," she said. "It's time for my break." d. Q: What does it mean when you find a bear with a wet nose? A: You're too close to the bear. e. The kids had been begging for weeks, so their mum gave in and bought them a hamster. Just as she feared, she was the one who ended up taking care of it. One evening, exasperated, she sat them down and asked, "Why did you even want that thing? How many times do you think it would have died if I hadn't been looking after it for you?" "I don't know," her son said. "Once?" f. The doctor's office was crowded as usual, but the doctor was painfully slow. After waiting for two hours, an old man slowly stood up and started walking towards the door. "Where are you going?" the receptionist called out. "Well," he said. "I figured I'd go home and die a natural death." g. The stressed-out clerk quits and becomes a cop. "How's the new job?" his friend asks. "The pay is bad and the hours are awful. But I love how the customer is always wrong." |