資料No. : NS090318
I-1 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題 (1) TOEIC 1. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 I couldn't believe how _______ Tom solved the puzzle. (A) haste (B) speedy (C) quickly (D) swift 2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Those _______ looking clouds mean a storm is coming. (A) mysterious (B) ominous (C) menace (D) trouble 3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Her husband was _______ to her plans for divorce. (A) knowledge (B) scheming (C) oblivious (D) secret 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Everyone at the party was in a _______ mood. (A) festive (B) fertile (C) furtive (D) furious 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Those kids have got to understand that their homework is an _______. (A) obligate (B) obligation (C) obligator (D) oblige 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The new lighting system in the studio _______ very beautiful. (A) are (B) is (C) is being (D) were 7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 These are the types of problems that _______ eliminated before production begins. (A) need (B) need to be (C) needs to be (D) necessary to be 8. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 As the stock index rose, money ----- the market. (A) poured into (B) withdrawn from (C) compiled (D) accumulated at 9. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The research required the use of ----- new technology. (A) several (B) a lot (C) many (D) much 10. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The president insisted on being informed as to ----- be ready. (A) when would the new product (B) when the new product would (C) which new product (D) the new product which 11. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 (A)To smoke is not (B)permitted (C)inside the (D)newly constructed theater. 12. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 I have (A)been able to save a (B)large sum of (C)moneys (D)lately for some reason or another. 13. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 (A)All of the newly (B)elected council members (C)introduced (D)theirselves to the audience. (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 The U.S. presidential election of 2000 was the first in a century in which the candidate who lost the popular vote -----. (A) won the election (B) winning the election (C) he won the election (D) was winning the election 2. 空所補充問題 Working conditions and wages are issues that have had a major importance in the national politics of Argentina since -----. (A) more than a century (B) over 100 years (C) a century or more (D) the late 1800s 3. 空所補充問題 Hypnotism, once known as 'mesmerism', is still a ----- understood psychological phenomenon. (A) poor (B) poorly (C) poorest (D) poorer 4. 空所補充問題 Eskimos traditionally made canoes known as kayaks by fastening animal skins to a wooden frame and ----- them. (A) to stretch (B) stretch (C) stretched (D) stretching 5. 空所補充問題 It has often been said that ----- who do not learn from history are doomed to repeat it. (A) them (B) theirs (C) those (D) their 6. 正誤問題 (A)During the tulip craze in Europe several centuries (B)ago, the bulbs of certain varieties of the flower (C)were (D)valuable fortunes. 7. 正誤問題 (A)Polymers are formed by (B)to link (C)relatively simple segments together (D)into long chains or strings. 8. 正誤問題 (A)Without proper training, children can be (B)successfully taught to swim (C)as early as one year after (D)birth. 9. 正誤問題 (A)Had invented movable type thousands of years (B)before other civilizations, Chinese technicians never fully exploited (C)its potential as (D)a public medium. 10. 正誤問題 (A)One of the truisms of computer science is (B)that processing power (C)to double every 18 months, as prices drop (D)by half. I-2 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題解答 (1) TOEIC 1. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 I couldn't believe how _______ Tom solved the puzzle. (A) haste (B) speedy (C) quickly (D) swift 訳:トムがあんなに速くパズルを解くなんて信じられなかった。 ※正解(C)。「速く」は副詞でなければならない。(B)は speedily、(D)は swiftly であれば考えうる。 2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Those _______ looking clouds mean a storm is coming. (A) mysterious (B) ominous (C) menace (D) trouble 訳:あの不吉な雲は嵐が来ることを示している。 ※正解(B)。知っている単語で、意味が不自然なものから除去する。menace は「脅威」。 3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Her husband was _______ to her plans for divorce. (A) knowledge (B) scheming (C) oblivious (D) secret 訳:彼女の夫は、彼女の離婚の計画に関心がなかった。 ※正解(C)。「人+ was ... to 〜」のパターンにあてはまる語をさがし出す。be oblivious to ... で、「…に無関心な」の意。 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Everyone at the party was in a _______ mood. (A) festive (B) fertile (C) furtive (D) furious 訳:パーティーの全員がお祭りムードでした。 ※正解(A)。party での話だから、fury「怒り」から派生している語よりも、festival「祭り」に関連した語を選びたい。 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Those kids have got to understand that their homework is an _______. (A) obligate (B) obligation (C) obligator (D) oblige 訳:あの子たちは宿題が義務であることを判らなければいけない。 ※正解(B)。「義務」という意味の名詞になるように語尾を考える。 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The new lighting system in the studio _______ very beautiful. (A) are (B) is (C) is being (D) were 訳:スタジオの新しい照明システムは大変に美しい。 ※正解(B)。主語の単複を考える。system が本主語で、単数形。それ以上は何も難しく考える必要はない。 7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 These are the types of problems that _______ eliminated before production begins. (A) need (B) need to be (C) needs to be (D) necessary to be 訳:これらが生産を開始する前に取り除かれなければならない問題の種類です。 ※正解(B)。関係代名詞 that の示すものは types で複数形であるから、(C)needs は続かない。eliminated「取り除かれる」と受け身のニュアンスであるので、前に be 動詞があると推測できる。 8. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 As the stock index rose, money ----- the market. (A) poured into (B) withdrawn from (C) compiled (D) accumulated at 訳:株価指数が上がったので、資金が市場に流入した。 ※正解(A)。解説 冒頭の As は「〜なので」という意味の接続詞。 As the stock index rose (株価指数が上がったので)と過去形になっているので、空所に入る動詞も過去形でなければならない。よって、過去分詞の (B)withdrawn from は文法的に正しくない。残る選択肢はすべて動詞の過去形だが、文脈上合うのは (A) の pour into 〜(〜に流れ込む)。 9. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The research required the use of ----- new technology. (A) several (B) a lot (C) many (D) much 訳:その研究は多くの新しい技術を使う必要があった。 ※正解(D)。解説 空所の後の new technology (新しい技術)は不可算名詞。 (A)several 、 (C)many の後には加算名詞が来るので不可。 (B) は a lot の後に of があれば可だがここでは不適当。正解は (D)much 。 10. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The president insisted on being informed as to ----- be ready. (A) when would the new product (B) when the new product would (C) which new product (D) the new product which 訳:社長は新製品がいつ準備できるかを知らせるよう強く要求した。 ※正解(B)。解説 空所の前の as to 〜は「〜に関して」という意味。 as to 〜の後は when the new product would be ready (新製品はいつ準備できるか)という名詞節になるので、正解は (B)when the new product would 。 11. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 (A)To smoke is not (B)permitted (C)inside the (D)newly constructed theater. 訳:その新築の劇場内では、喫煙は禁止されている。 ※正解(A)。To smoke → Smoking。(A)ある人・時・場所の特定の喫煙でなく、一般的に言及するときは動名詞の方が適当。to smokeも間違いとはいえない。(B) permit「(同意・許可を与える意味で)許す」(D) newly「近ごろ、新たに」 12. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 I have (A)been able to save a (B)large sum of (C)moneys (D)lately for some reason or another. 訳:最近、どうした訳か多額の貯金ができるようになってきた。 ※正解(C)。moneys → money。(C) moneyは不可算名詞。a large sum of money「多額の金」(D) lately「最近、近ごろ」for some reason or another「何らかの理由で」 13. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 (A)All of the newly (B)elected council members (C)introduced (D)theirselves to the audience. 訳:新たに選出された評議員が全員、聴衆に自己紹介した。 ※正解(D)。theirselves → themselves。(D) themselves [theyの複合人称代名詞]ここでは再帰代名詞の役割。 (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 The U.S. presidential election of 2000 was the first in a century in which the candidate who lost the popular vote -----. (A) won the election (B) winning the election (C) he won the election (D) was winning the election ※正解(A)。【解説】 which節の中ではthe candidate who lost the popular voteが主語になっている。したがって、空所にはこの文の動詞が来ることになる。正解は(A) won the electionである。意味からしてwas winningと進行形にする必要はない。popular vote「一般投票」。 2. 空所補充問題 Working conditions and wages are issues that have had a major importance in the national politics of Argentina since -----. (A) more than a century (B) over 100 years (C) a century or more (D) the late 1800s ※正解(D)。【解説】 この場合のsinceの意味は「……以来」。動詞部はhave had ... と完了形になっているので、「……以来ずっと〜してきた」という意味になるはずである。(A)と(B)は同じような意味を表すので、この2つは除外できる。since over... という表現では意味が通らない。正解は(D) the late 1800s「1800年後半」である。 3. 空所補充問題 Hypnotism, once known as 'mesmerism', is still a ----- understood psychological phenomenon. (A) poor (B) poorly (C) poorest (D) poorer ※正解(B)。【解説】 understood(過去分詞形)は、この場合、形容詞的に用いられている。そのunderstoodを修飾するには副詞を使わなくてはならない。正解は、(B) poorlyである。hypnotism「催眠(術)」。 4. 空所補充問題 Eskimos traditionally made canoes known as kayaks by fastening animal skins to a wooden frame and ----- them. (A) to stretch (B) stretch (C) stretched (D) stretching ※正解(D)。【解説】 by fasteningに注目。andの後にくる動詞もこの前置詞byに続いている。したがって、動名詞形(D) stretchingが正解。 5. 空所補充問題 It has often been said that ----- who do not learn from history are doomed to repeat it. (A) them (B) theirs (C) those (D) their ※正解(C)。【解説】 空所に入る語はthat節の文の主語になることは明らかである。peopleの意味を表す(C) thoseが正解である。 6. 正誤問題 (A)During the tulip craze in Europe several centuries (B)ago, the bulbs of certain varieties of the flower (C)were (D)valuable fortunes. ※正解(D)。【解説】 valuable → worth。前置詞during、副詞agoの用法に誤りはない。wereは複数形bulbsに呼応している。fortunesは「大金」の意味。これに形容詞valuable「高価な」が付くのはおかしい。ここはworth「……の価値がある、……に値する」を使えば意味が通る。 7. 正誤問題 (A)Polymers are formed by (B)to link (C)relatively simple segments together (D)into long chains or strings. ※正解(B)。【解説】 to link → linking。前置詞byのすぐ後にto不定詞ではなく動名詞を使わなくてはならない。linkingにすれば文が成立する。polymer「重合体、ポリマー」。 8. 正誤問題 (A)Without proper training, children can be (B)successfully taught to swim (C)as early as one year after (D)birth. ※正解(A)。【解説】 Without → With。副詞successfully及びas early asの使い方に問題はない。birth「誕生」の前に冠詞は必要ない。残るはWithoutである。Withにしなければ意味が通らない。 9. 正誤問題 (A)Had invented movable type thousands of years (B)before other civilizations, Chinese technicians never fully exploited (C)its potential as (D)a public medium. ※正解(A)。【解説】 Had invented → Having invented。文頭に注目。Had inventedのままではこの文の主語がないことになる。Having inventedとすれば分詞構文になり、次の文と繋がるようになる。 10. 正誤問題 (A)One of the truisms of computer science is (B)that processing power (C)to double every 18 months, as prices drop (D)by half. ※正解(C)。【解説】 to double → doubles / is (expected) to double。文頭のOne、接続詞thatに問題はない。to doubleのままではthat節の文に動詞がないことになる。doubles、あるいは、is (expected) to double(expectedは省略可)にすれば文が成立する。by half「半分(だけ)」。 II.時事英文 Sports Doping (その4:全11回シリーズ) What does it mean to have high levels of testosterone? Testosterone is a steroid hormone. Hormones are chemicals that help keep the body working normally. The effects of testosterone can be seen in boys when they become young men. They develop muscle power and become stronger. Testosterone is also important for other changes, like a deeper voice and the growth of hair. Testosterone is produced in the adrenal glands and reproductive organs. Both men and women produce testosterone. Men produce much more of it than women do. But not all males produce the same amounts. Some naturally have higher levels than others. III - a. 雑知識
III-b. 英語のことわざ ◆Worry often gives a small thing a big shadow◆ Little things can seem like major, important problems if you worry about them. Be calm and patient and remember that the problems are not as great as you might think they are. III -c. 英語でどう言う? クリスマスツリーに飾りつけをする decorate the Christmas tree 【例文】Our kids decorated the Christmas tree last week. ケーキを均等に切り分ける cut the cake into equal slices 【例文】My mother cut the cake into equal slices for each of us. 乾杯の音頭を取る propose a toast 【例文】Let me ask Mr. Kato to propose a toast. プレゼントを開ける open a present 【例文】Paul looked very happy when he opened the present. III-d 今週のイディオム would not be caught dead 死んでも〜したくない、〜するのはまっぴらだ (someone would never do something) 「死んだ後でさえも、こんな姿を人に見られるのはいやだ」という発想から生まれた表現で、いやな度合いを強調して使います。英国ではcaughtの代わりにseenが用いられることもあります。 No way! I wouldn't be caught dead going out with him. (冗談じゃない!彼と付き合うなんてまっぴらごめんよ) I wouldn't be caught dead in a dress like that. (そんな服を着るのは絶対にいやよ) My grandfather wouldn't be seen dead wearing a tie. (私の祖父は絶対にネクタイをしめようとしない) I wouldn't be caught dead doing ads for that company. (あの会社の宣伝をするなんて死んでもいやだ) IV. Jokes a. During my visit to the Metropolitan Museum of Art, I went to the desk to ask for a headset for the audio guide. The Met supplies these free to patrons with hearing aids. I said to the attendant, "One pair of earphones; I'm hard of hearing." She gave me the earphones. "That will be six dollars, please," she said. "But miss," I said, "I'm hard of hearing." "I'm so sorry," she said, "SIX DOLLARS, PLEASE!" b. While I was wandering around my hardware store, a young clerk came up tp me. "Can I help you with something?" he asked. "Where's the WD-40?" "Between the WD-39 and the WD-41," he replied with a straight face, then broke into a grin. "Sorry," he apologized. "I've been waiting a long time to say that to someone." c. Delighted at the birth of our new little boy, my wife was telling everyone about it - including the butcher. "I just gave birth to a beautiful ten-pound baby," she informed him. The butcher nodded absently, his mind on the piece of meat he was chopping. "Really?" he said. "Was that with or without bones?" d. As manager of an electronics shop, I ordered a part, number 669, from the factory. When it arrived, I noticed they'd sent me part 699 instead. I fired off an angry letter and sent it back. A few days later, I got the replacement. It was the same part, along with a note containing these four words: "Turn the box over." e. One crazy day in our paediatric clinic saw me hand a young patient a urine sample container and tell him to fill it up in the bathroom. A few minutes later, he returned to my nurses station with an empty cup. "I didn't need this after all," he said. "There was a toilet in there." |