資料No. : NS090311
I-1 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題 (1) TOEIC 1. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 When I returned home I discovered that I _______ my wallet at the party. (A) leave (B) did leave (C) left (D) had left 2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Do you think Steve _______ be hired for the new vice-president's position? (A) would (B) will (C) must (D) shall 3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 When I lived in Italy last July, I _______ a beach-side villa for the whole time. (A) rent (B) rented (C) had been renting (D) had rented 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 If we don't sell all our stock now, we _______ lose everything. (A) are (B) did (C) will (D) would 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 We need to find out _______ the new area manager will be. (A) whom (B) who's (C) whose (D) who 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 In the commotion, the diamond ring _______. (A) lost (B) is lost (C) was lost (D) won't be lost 7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 When you go out for coffee, please _______ a newspaper too. (A) pick (B) pick up (C) read (D) buy up 8. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The international conference --- nine o'clock on May third. (A) opened in (B) began with (C) was from (D) started at 9. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 "Are you married or --- ?" asked the policeman of the suspect. (A) self (B) alone (C) single (D) one 10. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Jane --- as a secretary by IBM Corporation before she married and went over to America. (A) worked (B) was employed (C) was belonging to (D) labored 11. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 (A)The movie was (B)so (C)violence that it (D)received an X rating. 12. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 This new (A)personal computer is so (B)convenient (C)using that I'm sure it (D)will be popular. 13. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 It is now (A)possibly (B)to make a reservation (C)for an airplane flight (D)over the Internet. (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 According to the 5th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, witnesses at hearings ----- forced to testify against their will. (A) they cannot be (B) cannot being (C) they cannot being (D) cannot be 2. 空所補充問題 ----- in the Middle Ages, they would have radically altered history. (A) The railroad and telegraph had been available (B) Being available, had the railroad and telegraph (C) Had the railroad and telegraph been available (D) The railroad and had been available telegraph 3. 空所補充問題 The koala, -----, is a marsupial native to Australia. (A) like the kangaroo (B) like kangaroos (C) like to the kangaroo (D) it's like the kangaroo 4. 空所補充問題 Marble is a granular limestone that has been recrystallized under -----, as well as pressure. (A) both heat (B) heat (C) hot (D) with heat 5. 空所補充問題 The pangolin is a scaly anteater that gets its name from the Malayan word meaning "roller", ----- its defensive tactic of rolling itself into a ball. (A) to describe (B) described (C) describe (D) describing 6. 正誤問題 The forest-dwelling bulldog bat is (A)so named because (B)of the resemblance (C)among its snout and the mouth and (D)nose of the well-known canine. 7. 正誤問題 Slugs are snails (A)or mollusks (B)which the shell has been reduced (C)to a small internal plate or (D)is entirely absent. 8. 正誤問題 (A)One of the dangers of the (B)overusing of pesticides (C)is that pests can develop (D)a tolerance to them. 9. 正誤問題 Ergonomics (A)is the study of (B)how the body interacts physically (C)on manmade (D)surroundings. 10. 正誤問題 The invention of the telephone (A)necessitated the accurate reproduction of (B)human voice (C)from electrical (D)impulses. I-2 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題解答 (1) TOEIC 1. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 When I returned home I discovered that I _______ my wallet at the party. (A) leave (B) did leave (C) left (D) had left 訳:家に帰った時、財布をパーティーに忘れてきたことが判りました。 ※正解(D)。全体が過去形で統一されているので、(A)は不可。(C)はleaveの過去および過去分詞。 2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Do you think Steve _______ be hired for the new vice-president's position? (A) would (B) will (C) must (D) shall 訳:スティーブが新副社長の地位に雇われると思いますか。 ※正解(B)。意味上適切なものはひとつ。would は時制が問題。 3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 When I lived in Italy last July, I _______ a beach-side villa for the whole time. (A) rent (B) rented (C) had been renting (D) had rented 訳:去年の 7 月にイタリアで過ごした時は、浜辺の別荘をずっと借りていました。 ※正解(B)。難しく考えないように。普通に時制を一致させる。明確に定まった過去を表す when 節とともに現在完了は用いない。 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 If we don't sell all our stock now, we _______ lose everything. (A) are (B) did (C) will (D) would 訳:すぐに在庫を全部売らなければ、私たちはすべてを失うでしょう。 ※正解(C)。lose が原形動詞なので(A)は不可。意味上(B)も無理がある。If に続く節が don't なので、(D)would にする必要はない。 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 We need to find out _______ the new area manager will be. (A) whom (B) who's (C) whose (D) who 訳:新しい支部長が誰になるのか探らなくてはならない。 ※正解(D)。「誰が…だ」という時の疑問代名詞。あとの will be という(助)動詞に対する主格が必要。 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 In the commotion, the diamond ring _______. (A) lost (B) is lost (C) was lost (D) won't be lost 訳:暴動の最中にダイヤの指輪がなくなりました。 ※正解(C)。「失われた」と受け身のニュアンスで考えることが必要。 7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 When you go out for coffee, please _______ a newspaper too. (A) pick (B) pick up (C) read (D) buy up 訳:コーヒーを買いに行くとき、新聞も買って(取って)きてください。 ※正解(B)。pick up には「拾い上げる」という意味がある。obtain や get と同じ意味で使う。 8. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The international conference --- nine o'clock on May third. (A) opened in (B) began with (C) was from (D) started at 訳:国際会議は、5月3日の9時に始まった。 ※正解(D)。(D) at「(時の一点)〜に、〜から、〜で」ex. at three in the afternoon「午後3時に」 9. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 "Are you married or --- ?" asked the policeman of the suspect. (A) self (B) alone (C) single (D) one 訳:「既婚か未婚か」と警察官が容疑者に尋ねた。 ※正解(C)。(C) single「独身の」suspect「容疑者、注意人物」 10. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Jane --- as a secretary by IBM Corporation before she married and went over to America. (A) worked (B) was employed (C) was belonging to (D) labored 訳:ジェーンは結婚して渡米する前、IBM社に秘書として雇われていた。 ※正解(B)。(B) employ「(人を)雇用する、雇う」(C) belong toは受身・進行形にはできない。by IBM Corporationとあるから、受動態。 11. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 (A)The movie was (B)so (C)violence that it (D)received an X rating. 訳:その映画は非常に暴力的だったので、成人指定になった。 ※正解(C)。violence → violent。(C) violence「猛烈、暴力」violent「もう「猛烈な、乱暴な、暴力的な」 12. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 This new (A)personal computer is so (B)convenient (C)using that I'm sure it (D)will be popular. 訳:この新機種のコンピューターは、とても便利なので人気が出るだろう。 ※正解(C)。using → to use。(C) 「〜するのに都合がよい」はconvenient to do 13. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 It is now (A)possibly (B)to make a reservation (C)for an airplane flight (D)over the Internet. 訳:今では飛行機の予約がインターネットでできる。 ※正解(A)。possibly → possible。(A) possibly [文全体を修飾して]「あるいは、ことによると」possible「(もの・事が)可能で」(D) over「(電話など)によって、〜で」 (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 According to the 5th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, witnesses at hearings ----- forced to testify against their will. (A) they cannot be (B) cannot being (C) they cannot being (D) cannot be ※正解(D)。【解説】 witnesses「証人」がこの文の主語である。したがって、theyを含む(A)と(C)は除外できる。cannotの後にbeingが来ることはないので、正解は(D)のcannot beになる。Amendment「(アメリカ憲法)修正箇条」。 2. 空所補充問題 ----- in the Middle Ages, they would have radically altered history. (A) The railroad and telegraph had been available (B) Being available, had the railroad and telegraph (C) Had the railroad and telegraph been available (D) The railroad and had been available telegraph ※正解(C)。【解説】 they would have ... からこの文が仮定法過去完了であることが分かる。選択肢にはIfを含む文はないが、Had the railroad ... がIf the railroad and telegraph had been availableと同じ意味を表すので、(C)が正解となる。 3. 空所補充問題 The koala, -----, is a marsupial native to Australia. (A) like the kangaroo (B) like kangaroos (C) like to the kangaroo (D) it's like the kangaroo ※正解(A)。【解説】 The koalaとtheがついていることに注目。これに合わせてkangarooにもtheをつけ、like the kangarooで「カンガルーと同様に」の意味になる。marsupial「有袋目の哺乳動物」。 4. 空所補充問題 Marble is a granular limestone that has been recrystallized under -----, as well as pressure. (A) both heat (B) heat (C) hot (D) with heat ※正解(B)。【解説】 前置詞underの後には形容詞hotではなく名詞heatが来る。すでにas well asが使われているのでbothは不要である。また、前置詞withをつける必要もない。granular「粒からなる」。 5. 空所補充問題 The pangolin is a scaly anteater that gets its name from the Malayan word meaning "roller", ----- its defensive tactic of rolling itself into a ball. (A) to describe (B) described (C) describe (D) describing ※正解(D)。【解説】 目的を表すto describeを空所に入れても意味が通らない。getsがあるので、過去形described、現在形describeは使えない。which describesと同じ働きをする現在分詞describingが正解となる。pangolin「センザンコウ(角質のうろこで覆われた動物)」。 6. 正誤問題 The forest-dwelling bulldog bat is (A)so named because (B)of the resemblance (C)among its snout and the mouth and (D)nose of the well-known canine. ※正解(C)。【解説】 among → between。is so namedで「そう名付けられた」の意味になる。because of ... に問題はない。its snoutとthe mouth and nose of the well-known canineの類似(resemblance)について言っているので前置詞はamongではなくbetweenを用いる。the mouthのtheがnoseにもかかっている。snout「鼻、鼻先」、canine「犬」。 7. 正誤問題 Slugs are snails (A)or mollusks (B)which the shell has been reduced (C)to a small internal plate or (D)is entirely absent. ※正解(B)。【解説】 which → in which。orに問題はない。前置詞inをつけてin whichとしなければ文が繋がらない。be reduced to ... で「... に変わる、なる」の意味。isの主語はthe shellである。slug「ナメクジ」、mollusk「軟体動物」。 8. 正誤問題 (A)One of the dangers of the (B)overusing of pesticides (C)is that pests can develop (D)a tolerance to them. ※正解(B)。【解説】 overusing → overuse。One of the dangers ... に誤りはない。overuseには名詞として「過度の使用」の意味を表すので、この場合はoverusingと動名詞形にする必要はない。isは文頭のOneに呼応している。この場合のtolerance「耐性」は可算名詞である。 9. 正誤問題 Ergonomics (A)is the study of (B)how the body interacts physically (C)on manmade (D)surroundings. ※正解(C)。【解説】 on → with。isはErgonomics「人間工学、生物工学(単数)」に呼応している。疑問詞howに問題はない。interactに続く前置詞はonではなくwithである。surroundings「環境」。 10. 正誤問題 The invention of the telephone (A)necessitated the accurate reproduction of (B)human voice (C)from electrical (D)impulses. ※正解(B)。【解説】 human voice → a/the human voice。necessitateは動詞で「必要とする」の意味。具体的な人間の声について言っているのでa human voiceと冠詞が必要である。aの代わりにtheを用いてもいい。前置詞fromに問題はない。impulses「インパルス、衝撃」は可算名詞。 II.時事英文 Sports Doping (その3:全11回シリーズ) Most sports organizations have banned the non-medical use of steroids. But some athletes continue to take them. They believe these substances help them in competition. Steroids are used to increase muscle strength. But steroids can damage the liver and halt the production of testosterone. They can also cause personality changes. People who take steroids may become increasingly angry. Some become dependent on steroids and feel they cannot live without them. Users can become depressed and, in some cases, even want to kill themselves. III - a. 雑知識
III-b. 英語のことわざ ◆Where there's a will, there's a way.◆ If you want something so much that you will do anything to get it, you will get it. If you want to do something so much that you will do anything to do it, you will be able to do it. "Will" means determination, and so this proverb means: if you have the determination, you can do anything you want. III -c. 英語でどう言う? マフラーを首に巻く put on a scarf around one's neck 【例文】It's cold outside, so you had better put on a scarf around your neck. セーターを2枚重ね着する wear one sweater over another 【例文】My grandmother is wearing one sweater over another to keep herself warm. 電気ストーブをつける turn on the electric heater 【例文】It's pretty cold in here. Could you turn on the electric heater? こたつに入る warm oneself in the kotatsu 【例文】We warmed ourselves in the kotatsu and played cards. III-d 今週のイディオム get wind of (人から聞いて)〜のことを知る、かぎつける (hear about something) 動物が風にのってきた他の動物の臭いをかぎつけることから生まれた表現。間接的または、こっそりと物事を「察知する」という場合に使います。 I got wind of the schedule change from our new supervisor. (私は予定変更について、新しい上司から聞いて知った) As soon as we got wind of the concert, I bought the tickets. (そのコンサートのことを聞きつけて、すぐにチケットを手に入れた) Don't tell this sales tactics to anyone. Once our rivals get wind of it, we'll lose our advantage. (この販売戦略は誰にも話したらだめだぞ。ライバルにかぎつけられたら、せっかくの優位な立場をふいにしてしまうからね) IV. Jokes a. Following a terrible fall, my cousin Peter was in a coma. Weeks later, he finally came out of it. "Peter," said his wife, "how do you feel?" Slowly looking around at the hoses, tubes, wires and monitors attached to his body, he responded weakly, "Overaccessorised." b. Because patient files are confidential, the government requires that our hospital keep them safe from prying eyes. Hence, this sign at the nurse's station just off a heavily travelled corridor: "All patient information is kept locked up. It is in the locker in the top corner. The combination is 32, 16, 24." c. Our local paper reported that police had set up sobriety checkpoints, then gave the locations. The item in The Exponent Telegram (Clarksburg, West Virginia) added. "The following are alternate routes that may be taken to avoid the sobriety checks … " d. The harried dad in the supermarket had a very bad case of parental burnout. His toddler would not sit down in the grocery cart, and he finally snapped. "If you fall and break your leg," he scolded her, "don't come running to me." e. "Could we reschedule?" my friend asked. "I have to take my dogs to obedience school?" "Obedience school?" I answered. "What if they don't want to go?" f. Shortly after the ban on fluids on airplanes was announced, my husband was stopped by airport security because they found a bottle of water in one of his carry-on bags. "Sorry," the officer said, tossing the bottle into a bin of confiscated items, "but water is now considered a liquid." |