資料No. : NS090304
I-1 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題 (1) TOEIC 1. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 This sauna's _______ hot; I can hardly stand it. (A) to (B) too (C) this (D) not 2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 If I were going to college, _______ live on campus. (A) I'd (B) I'll (C) I had (D) I did 3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 When do you think _______ boys will be done with the game? (A) them (B) that (C) those (D) they're 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Since I didn't speak Russian, I could barely make myself _______. (A) communicative (B) understanding (C) communication (D) understood 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 We recommend that _______ a higher grade of steel. (A) you use (B) you are using (C) you to use (D) you used 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 You _______ to try that new Thai restaurant across from the bank. (A) should (B) always (C) ought (D) could 7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Reducing manufacturing expenses is our number one _______. (A) priority (B) prediction (C) probability (D) promotion 8. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Everyone was --- the consultant's advice about the project. (A) heeding (B) listening (C) careful (D) following to 9. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 I am afraid that my sheos need ---. (A) mending (B) to be mending (C) to be fixing (D) adjust 10. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Humans will be able to go to Mars in the ---. (A) nearly future (B) moment (C) near future (D) far time 11. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 Many Japanese people (A)enjoy sitting (B)under a kotatsu and (C)watching television (D)in the winter. 12. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 I (A)use to prefer American food (B)to (C)Japanese, but not (D)any more. 13. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 (A)Because he worked (B)so hardly, he (C)finished his project with (D)time to spare. (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 It seems ----- just when the Asian art of paper folding emerged, although it is likely to have developed out of an older tradition of the decorative folding of cloth. (A) not being clear (B) to have been unclear (C) unclear (D) unclearly 2. 空所補充問題 The design of a building requires the architect ----- in a continuous dialogue between theoretical and practical considerations. (A) to engage (B) engaging (C) engage (D) engaged 3. 空所補充問題 The Treaty of Versailles formally ending World War I was harshly criticized not only by the vanquished, -----. (A) and by the victors as well (B) but by the victors as well (C) but by the victors indeed (D) or by the victors too 4. 空所補充問題 Since ancient boats were typically constructed out of perishable materials, archaeologists ----- find them intact and often must rely on contemporary artistic depictions of them. (A) unlikely (B) almost not ever (C) hardly never (D) rarely 5. 空所補充問題 ----- the most valuable and endangered tree species of tropical South America are the hardwoods teak and mahogany. (A) Within (B) Throughout (C) Among (D) Without 6. 正誤問題 It was (A)after German author Thomas Mann received (B)the Nobel Prize for literature in 1929 that he (C)goes on to create his most mature and distinguished (D)works. 7. 正誤問題 (A)Historic linguistics (B)is the study of the (C)changes languages (D)undergo over the centuries. 8. 正誤問題 (A)A controversy is currently (B)being raged in the field of artificial intelligence (C)over whether 'intelligent' computers reproduce human intelligence, or (D)merely mimic it. 9. 正誤問題 Cryogenics (A)is the science, (B)while still in its infancy, of preserving dead animals in a frozen state and (C)attempting to revive (D)them at a later date. 10. 正誤問題 (A)The human vertebral column (B)are also known (C)as the backbone, the spine (D)and the spinal column. I-2 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題解答 (1) TOEIC 1. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 This sauna's _______ hot; I can hardly stand it. (A) to (B) too (C) this (D) not 訳:このサウナは暑すぎる。我慢できません。 ※正解(B)。(A)の"to"では意味をなさない。「我慢できない」のだから、「暑すぎる」という意味にしたい。 2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 If I were going to college, _______ live on campus. (A) I'd (B) I'll (C) I had (D) I did 訳:もし大学に行くとすれば、キャンパス内に住みます。 ※正解(A)。仮定法過去の文型。助動詞の過去形が必要。 3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 When do you think _______ boys will be done with the game? (A) them (B) that (C) those (D) they're 訳:あの男の子たちはいつゲームを終えると思いますか ※正解(C)。(A)them は文法的につながらない。boys が複数形であるから、(B)that も不可。 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Since I didn't speak Russian, I could barely make myself _______. (A) communicative (B) understanding (C) communication (D) understood 訳:私はロシア語を話さないので、あまり自分の意思を伝えられませんでした。 ※正解(D)。make はここでは「…にする」の意味。myself は understanding「理解している」の側ではなく、understood「理解されている」の側のはずです。 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 We recommend that _______ a higher grade of steel. (A) you use (B) you are using (C) you to use (D) you used 訳:もっと質の高い鋼鉄を使用することをお勧めします。 ※正解(A)。recommend「勧める、薦める」のように人に何かを勧める意味の動詞や、他人に何かを要求する意味の動詞が目的語に that 節をとる場合、that 以下が主語+動詞の原形をとります。このような動詞の代表的なものには demand, urge, request などがあります。 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 You _______ to try that new Thai restaurant across from the bank. (A) should (B) always (C) ought (D) could 訳:銀行の向かい側の新しいタイ料理レストランに行ってみるべきです。 ※正解(C)。文中、空所の後ろの to が最大のポイントです。should や could といった助動詞は後ろが動詞の原形のはずです。 副詞 always の場合も to は不要です。ought to ... でひとつの助動詞扱いで、「…すべきである」の意味。 7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Reducing manufacturing expenses is our number one _______. (A) priority (B) prediction (C) probability (D) promotion 訳:製造コストの削減が我々の第一の優先課題です。 ※正解(A)。ボキャブラリーの問題。priority「優先、優先課題」。prediction「予測」。probability「可能性」。promotion「促進、昇格」。 8. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Everyone was --- the consultant's advice about the project. (A) heeding (B) listening (C) careful (D) following to 訳:その企画に関するコンサルタントの助言に、皆留意していた。 ※正解(A)。(A) heed「(〜に)気をつける、注意する」(D) followは「(忠告・命令などに)従う」toは不要。[ex.] You should follow her advice. 9. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 I am afraid that my sheos need ---. (A) mending (B) to be mending (C) to be fixing (D) adjust 訳:靴を修理しなければならないかしら。 ※正解(A)。(A) need ...ing()[ex.] This house needs repairing. = This house needs to be repaired. 10. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Humans will be able to go to Mars in the ---. (A) nearly future (B) moment (C) near future (D) far time 訳:近い将来、人間は火星に行けるだろう。 ※正解(C)。(C) in the (near) future「(近い)未来に、将来に」 11. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 Many Japanese people (A)enjoy sitting (B)under a kotatsu and (C)watching television (D)in the winter. 訳:多くの日本人は、冬はコタツに入ってテレビを見るのを楽しむ。 ※正解(B)。under a kotatsu → in a kotatsu。(B)「コタツに入っては前置詞inを使う。 12. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 I (A)use to prefer American food (B)to (C)Japanese, but not (D)any more. 訳:以前は日本食よりもアメリカの食べ物を好んだが、今はそうではない。 ※正解(A)。use to prefer → used to prefer。(A) used to do過去の習慣的行動を表して「〜するのが常であった」現在と対照的に過去の事実・状態を表して「以前は〜でふった」prefer [+目+ to + (代)名]「(煮り)むしろ(〜の)ほうを好む」 13. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 (A)Because he worked (B)so hardly, he (C)finished his project with (D)time to spare. 訳:彼は必死に働いたので、プロジェクトが終わったあと少し時間があった。 ※正解(B)。so hardly → so hard。(B) hardly「ほとんど〜でない(しない)」hard「一生懸命に、熱心に」 (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 It seems ----- just when the Asian art of paper folding emerged, although it is likely to have developed out of an older tradition of the decorative folding of cloth. (A) not being clear (B) to have been unclear (C) unclear (D) unclearly ※正解(C)。【解説】 seemsの後に形容詞unclearを続ければ、「アジアの芸術である折り紙(paper folding)がいつ登場した(emerged)のか、その時期ははっきりしていないようである」の意味になる。 2. 空所補充問題 The design of a building requires the architect ----- in a continuous dialogue between theoretical and practical considerations. (A) to engage (B) engaging (C) engage (D) engaged ※正解(A)。【解説】 require ... to〜で「……に〜することを必要とする」の意味になる。正解は(A) to engageである。 3. 空所補充問題 The Treaty of Versailles formally ending World War I was harshly criticized not only by the vanquished, -----. (A) and by the victors as well (B) but by the victors as well (C) but by the victors indeed (D) or by the victors too ※正解(B)。【解説】 not only ... の後に来るのはbut alsoだが、alsoは省略されることがあるので、正解は(B) not by the victors as wellである。このas wellがalsoと同じ働きをしている。The Treaty of Versailles「ベルサイユ条約」。 4. 空所補充問題 Since ancient boats were typically constructed out of perishable materials, archaeologists ----- find them intact and often must rely on contemporary artistic depictions of them. (A) unlikely (B) almost not ever (C) hardly never (D) rarely ※正解(D)。【解説】 「古代の船は腐りやすい(perishable)材質で出来ていたので、そのままのかたちで(intact)見つけることは……」。この後に続く副詞は?rarely「めったにない」を使えば意味が通るようになる。 5. 空所補充問題 ----- the most valuable and endangered tree species of tropical South America are the hardwoods teak and mahogany. (A) Within (B) Throughout (C) Among (D) Without ※正解(C)。【解説】 amongには「……の仲間である」という意味がある。The hardwoods teak and mahogany are among ... のamong ... が文頭に倒置されていることに注意。 6. 正誤問題 It was (A)after German author Thomas Mann received (B)the Nobel Prize for literature in 1929 that he (C)goes on to create his most mature and distinguished (D)works. ※正解(C)。【解説】 goes → went。接続詞after、冠詞theに問題はない。この文の時制は過去形なので、goesはwentになる。worksは可算名詞で「作品」の意味。 7. 正誤問題 (A)Historic linguistics (B)is the study of the (C)changes languages (D)undergo over the centuries. ※正解(A)。【解説】 Historic → Historical。historicは「歴史的に有名な」という意味。歴史言語学はhistorical linguisticsと言う。undergo「受ける、経験する」。 8. 正誤問題 (A)A controversy is currently (B)being raged in the field of artificial intelligence (C)over whether 'intelligent' computers reproduce human intelligence, or (D)merely mimic it. ※正解(B)。【解説】 being raged → raging。この場合のcontroversy「論争」は可算名詞。rage「激怒する」は自動詞、したがって、being ragedはragingにしなくてはいけない。前置詞over、副詞merelyの用法に誤りはない。 9. 正誤問題 Cryogenics (A)is the science, (B)while still in its infancy, of preserving dead animals in a frozen state and (C)attempting to revive (D)them at a later date. ※正解(B)。【解説】 while still → still。cryogenics「低温学」は単数なのでisに問題はない。while stillのwhileは余分である。attemptingは前のofに続いている。themはanimalsのことである。 10. 正誤問題 (A)The human vertebral column (B)are also known (C)as the backbone, the spine (D)and the spinal column. ※正解(B)。【解説】 are → is。冠詞theに問題はない。human vertebral column「人間の脊椎」は単数であるので、areではなくisで受ける。is also known as ... で「……としても知られている」の意味。接続詞andの用法に誤りはない。 II.時事英文 Sports Doping (その2:全11回シリーズ) Alex Rodriguez Last week, a star of North American baseball announced he had used a banned substance to improve his performance. Alex Rodriguez apologized for using the substance during a three-year period beginning in two thousand one. Rodriguez is the highest-paid player in Major League Baseball. His comments came two days after a magazine reported that he failed a test for performance-improving drugs, also known as anabolic steroids. Sports Illustrated reported that Rodriguez failed the test in two thousand three. That same year, he won the first of his three most valuable player awards. The report said more than one hundred other players also failed the test. Major League Baseball did not begin punishing its players for using steroids until two thousand four. III - a. 雑知識
III-b. 英語のことわざ ◆Where ignorance is bliss, it is folly to be wise.◆ According to this proverb, there are some things that are better not known. If knowing something will bring you great unhappiness, then it is better not to know it. Ignorance means "not knowing something," "bliss" means happiness, and "folly" means a mistake. III -c. 英語でどう言う? 蛇口をひねる turn on the tap 【例文】He turned on the tap and ran the water. スポンジに洗剤をつける put detergent on the sponge 【例文】Be careful not to put too much detergent on the sponge. 食器を洗う do the dishes 【例文】Please do the dishes with dish washing detergent. テーブルをふく wipe the table 【例文】My mother cleared away the dishes and wiped the table. III-d 今週のイディオム add insult to injury 踏んだりけったりの目に合わせる (make a bad situation even worse for someone by doing something else to upset them) 「injury (傷)に侮辱(insult)を与える」が文字通りの意味。すでにひどい目にあわせた相手に、さらに追撃を加えるという発想で使われます。「泣きっ面に蜂(はち)」「踏んだりけったり」とよく似た表現です。 The robbers added insult to injury by smashing her window as they ran off with her money. (泥棒たちは彼女のお金を盗んだ上に、家の窓まで割っていった) You've hurt her enough already. Don't add insult to injury. (あなたは彼女をさんざん傷つけたのだから、これ以上ひどいことを言わないでね) First of all, John arrived an hour late and then, to add insult to injury, he started complaining my choice of restaurant. (まずジョンは1時間遅れてきたんだ、その上、ぼくが選んだレストランに文句まで言い始めたんだから、踏んだりけったりさ) IV. Jokes a. Recently, my eight-year-old granddaughter, Haylee, woke up at three in the morning, sobbing. Her parents went to see what was wrong. When she had calmed down, they asked her why she was crying. "I'm afraid to tell you because you'll be mad at me," Haylee sobbed. After her parents assured her that they wouldn't be mad, she said, "A boy in school said he is my boyfriend, and you told me that I can't have a boyfriend until I'm 30!" b. My daughter sells beauty products so she gave her daughter, Shanice, two foot-cream products as a gift for her music teacher. "I don't know why I had to give her foot cream," Shanice complained. Possibly trying to console his big sister, little Brian stated, "Maybe she has croe's feet?" c. While having dinner with my two children one night, I noticed that my youngest, three-year-old Alex, was not touching her food. "Are you on a diet?" I jokingly asked. "No," she blurted, "I am on a chair." d. Visiting his grandparents one afternoon, my eight-year-old son, Jacob, noticed his grandmother's reading glasses and tried them on. "Wow!" he said. "No wonder nanny thinks I've grown bigger every time she sees me!" e. After dinner at a fancy restaurant, the waiter asked our family if we had enjoyed our meal. "Yes," replied my eight-year-old brother. "My condolences to the chef." |