資料No. : NS090225
I-1 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題 (1) TOEIC 1. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 We take great pride _______ the opening of our Singapore office. (A) to expand (B) to announce (C) in concluding (D) in announcing 2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The new president _______ increase R&D spending. (A) provides for (B) intends to (C) rejects the (D) supports an 3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 _______ you have made the copies, please take them down to accounting. (A) While (B) After (C) During (D) Before 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 In this _______ case, the difficulty seems to lie with the shippers. (A) exactly (B) probably (C) also (D) particular 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 _______ you been able to install the software yet? (A) Had (B) Will (C) Were (D) Have 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 As you _______ imagine, we are very worried about the delay. (A) can (B) will (C) perhaps (D) ever 7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The contract was mailed the day _______ yesterday, so it should arrive soon. (A) after (B) beside (C) next (D) before 8. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 His uncle set up the firm --- five years ago, without assistance from anyone. (A) himself (B) his own (C) his (D) by his 9. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Were they any --- while I was out? (A) phones (B) calls (C) callings (D) calls on 10. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The new --- in city planning was a complete failure. (A) excursion (B) explain (C) experimental (D) experiment 11. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 The (A)greying of Japan is the (B)most important (C)social problem that it will face (D)for the future. 12. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 Do you have (A)any idea of (B)the amount of (C)troubles that you have (D)caused? 13. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 Peter (A)came to age just (B)in time (C)to enlist in the navy (D)during the Gulf War. (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 Throughout the history of Indian philosophy ----- a strong tendency toward metaphysical speculation. (A) there have been (B) has there been (C) have there been (D) there has been 2. 空所補充問題 A lobotomy is a crude surgical operation in which a lobe brain is physically destroyed in an attempt ----- the symptoms of dementia. (A) easing (B) eased (C) to ease (D) is eased 3. 空所補充問題 The Mediterranean fruit fly, a major agricultural pest, reappeared in Florida in 1957 ----- it had been thought to have been eliminated in 1931. (A) despite of that (B) despite the fact that (C) in spite of (D) in spite of that fact 4. 空所補充問題 An armistice is an agreement between two or more enemies to cease hostilities indefinitely, ----- a truce is a temporary and often localized cease-fire. (A) when (B) while (C) thus (D) during 5. 空所補充問題 Killed in a skirmish with natives of the Philippine island of Mactan, Ferdinand Magellan never personally completed the circumnavigation of the globe which he made ----. (A) possible (B) possibly (C) possibility (D) possibilities 6. 正誤問題 Some experts (A)are believing that (B)the most important contribution of robotic science will be (C)to produce ever more humanoid (D)robots. 7. 正誤問題 (A)A comparison of titanium with other metals (B)reveals that (C)is it far stronger relative to (D)its density and weight. 8. 正誤問題 (A)Being able to afford a comfortably large house in a safe neighborhood with a (B)two-cars garage (C)has always been a part of the ideal materialistic lifestyle (D)known as the American Dream. 9. 正誤問題 The frequency (A)with which strikes occur in an industry (B)are a good indication of (C)whether workers are satisfied (D)or not. 10. 正誤問題 (A)Unlike other animals, human beings have developed technologies (B)that allow (C)we to live successfully in virtually any climate (D)on earth. I-2 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題解答 (1) TOEIC 1. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 We take great pride _______ the opening of our Singapore office. (A) to expand (B) to announce (C) in concluding (D) in announcing 訳:当社シンガポール支店の開店を発表することは大変な誇りです。 ※正解(D)。expand the opening of ...「開店を拡大する」では意味の上で不可。「発表する」の意味の announce が適切ですが、「誇りに思う」の take pride は通常 take pride in ... の形で用います。 2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The new president _______ increase R&D spending. (A) provides for (B) intends to (C) rejects the (D) supports an 訳:新しい社長は研究開発予算の増加を意図しています。 ※正解(B)。increase が「増加」の意味の名詞なのか、「増加させる」の意味の動詞なのかが問題。名詞であれば increase in R&D spending となるはず。前置詞 for や冠詞 the、an は名詞の前に置かれているはずです。 3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 _______ you have made the copies, please take them down to accounting. (A) While (B) After (C) During (D) Before 訳:コピーを取り終わったら、会計に持っていってください。 ※正解(B)。While や During は「…の間」の意味ですから、意味上不適切です。After か Before かの選択では、時間の前後関係を考えてみれば、難しい問題ではないはずです。 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 In this _______ case, the difficulty seems to lie with the shippers. (A) exactly (B) probably (C) also (D) particular 訳:この特殊なケースでは、問題は輸出者側にあるように思えます。 ※正解(D)。lie with ... は「…に在る」。意味の上よりも、むしろ文法的に考えたほうが分かり易いでしょう。case という名詞を修飾するのは形容詞でなければなりません。 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 _______ you been able to install the software yet? (A) Had (B) Will (C) Were (D) Have 訳:もうソフトウェアのインストールは済みましたか。 ※正解(D)。software と install はすでに日本語と考えてもいいでしょう。yet があるところからも、この文の時制は明らかと言えるでしょう。Will であれば、be 動詞は原形 be でなければなりません。Were では be 動詞が二つになってしまいます。 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 As you _______ imagine, we are very worried about the delay. (A) can (B) will (C) perhaps (D) ever 訳:お察しいただけるように、当方では遅れを大変に心配しています。 ※正解(A)。文法的に助動詞が入ることは間違いなさそうです。ただし文法的に何が可能かを考える前に、As ..., の部分を見たことがあるか聞いたことがあることが重要です。多くの例文に接していれば必ずと言っていいほど出てくるはずの表現のひとつです。 7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The contract was mailed the day _______ yesterday, so it should arrive soon. (A) after (B) beside (C) next (D) before 訳:契約書は一昨日郵送されましたので、直ぐに着くでしょう。 ※正解(D)。まずは文脈から the day ------- yesterday がひとつの時を表す表現であることを理解することが重要です。あとはひとつひとつの選択肢を入れてみて、意味をなすものを探しましょう。 8. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 His uncle set up the firm --- five years ago, without assistance from anyone. (A) himself (B) his own (C) his (D) by his 訳:彼の叔父は、だれにも手伝ってもらわずに、5年前に会社を設立した。 ※正解(A)。(A) oneself「自分自身で」強調用法。(B) one's own [代名詞的に用いて]「自分自身のもの」 9. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Were they any --- while I was out? (A) phones (B) calls (C) callings (D) calls on 訳:わたしの外出中に、電話はありましたか。 ※正解(B)。(A) phone「電話機」(B) call「電話をかけること、通話」(C) calling「職業」(D) call on「(人を)訪問する」 10. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The new --- in city planning was a complete failure. (A) excursion (B) explain (C) experimental (D) experiment 訳:都市計画の新しい試みは、完全な失敗だった。 ※正解(D)。(A) excurtion「小旅行、遠足(通例、団体による行楽のためのものをいう)」(C) experimental「実験の」(D) experiment「実験」 11. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 The (A)greying of Japan is the (B)most important (C)social problem that it will face (D)for the future. 訳:高齢化は、将来の日本が直面する最も重要な社会問題である。 ※正解(D)。for the future → in the future。(D) in (the) future「将来は、今後」in the ...はとくにin the past, in the prsentと対照的な意味を表す時に用いる。 12. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 Do you have (A)any idea of (B)the amount of (C)troubles that you have (D)caused? 訳:きみがどれほどの問題を引き起こしたのかわかっているのか? ※正解(C)。troubles → trouble。(C) trouble「手数、迷惑、やっかい」 13. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 Peter (A)came to age just (B)in time (C)to enlist in the navy (D)during the Gulf War. 訳:ピーターは湾岸戦争中に成人になり、ちょうど海軍にはいることができた。 ※正解(A)。came to age → came of age。(A) come of age「成人に達する、大人になる」(B) in time「間に合って」(C) enlist「(人を)兵籍に入れる」[+in + (代)名]「(軍隊に)入る」 (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 Throughout the history of Indian philosophy ----- a strong tendency toward metaphysical speculation. (A) there have been (B) has there been (C) have there been (D) there has been ※正解(D)。【解説】 問題文は疑問文ではない。また、空所の後にはa strong tendencyと単数形の名詞が続いている。したがって、正解は(D) there has beenになる。metaphysical speculation「形而上学思索」。 2. 空所補充問題 A lobotomy is a crude surgical operation in which a lobe brain is physically destroyed in an attempt ----- the symptoms of dementia. (A) easing (B) eased (C) to ease (D) is eased ※正解(C)。【解説】 in an attempt to ...(動詞) で「... しようとする」の意味になる。正解は(C)。lobotomy「脳葉切開術」。 3. 空所補充問題 The Mediterranean fruit fly, a major agricultural pest, reappeared in Florida in 1957 ----- it had been thought to have been eliminated in 1931. (A) despite of that (B) despite the fact that (C) in spite of (D) in spite of that fact ※正解(B)。【解説】 despiteの後に前置詞ofは必要ない。また、in spite ofの後に文を続けることはできない。さらに、in spite of that factの後にit had been .. と文を続けることもできない。正解は(B) despite the fact thatである。 4. 空所補充問題 An armistice is an agreement between two or more enemies to cease hostilities indefinitely, ----- a truce is a temporary and often localized cease-fire. (A) when (B) while (C) thus (D) during ※正解(B)。【解説】 前半でarmistice「休戦」について、後半でtruce「停戦」について説明している。この2つの文を繋ぐには(B) while「一方」を使えばいい。 5. 空所補充問題 Killed in a skirmish with natives of the Philippine island of Mactan, Ferdinand Magellan never personally completed the circumnavigation of the globe which he made ----. (A) possible (B) possibly (C) possibility (D) possibilities ※正解(A)。【解説】 madeの目的語はthe circumnavigation of the gloveである。he made the circumnavigation of the glove possibleとすれば意味が通る。circumnavigation「周航する(一周する)」。 6. 正誤問題 Some experts (A)are believing that (B)the most important contribution of robotic science will be (C)to produce ever more humanoid (D)robots. ※正解(A)。【解説】 are believing → believe。believe「信じる」は進行形にする必要はない。the most(最上級)、to(不定詞名詞用法)、robots(可算名詞)に誤りはない。humanoid「人そっくりの」。 7. 正誤問題 (A)A comparison of titanium with other metals (B)reveals that (C)is it far stronger relative to (D)its density and weight. ※正解(C)。【解説】 is it → it is。comparison「比較」は可算名詞である。revealsはA comparisonに呼応している。that節に続く文をis itと疑問文になっているのはおかしい。itsはtitaniumを指している。density「濃度」。 8. 正誤問題 (A)Being able to afford a comfortably large house in a safe neighborhood with a (B)two-cars garage (C)has always been a part of the ideal materialistic lifestyle (D)known as the American Dream. ※正解(B)。【解説】 two-cars → two-car。two-carsとハイフンがついていることに注目。この句は形容詞として用いられている。したがって、複数形のsは必要ない。materialistic「物質主義の」。 9. 正誤問題 The frequency (A)with which strikes occur in an industry (B)are a good indication of (C)whether workers are satisfied (D)or not. ※正解(B)。【解説】 are → is。with whichの用法に問題はない。この文の主語は単数the frequencyである。それに呼応してareはisにしなければいけない。whether ... or notに誤りはない。 10. 正誤問題 (A)Unlike other animals, human beings have developed technologies (B)that allow (C)we to live successfully in virtually any climate (D)on earth. ※正解(C)。【解説】 we → us。前置詞Unlikeと関係代名詞thatに問題はない。他動詞allowの目的語はweではなくusである。on earthで「地上の」という意味。 II.時事英文 Sports Doping (その1:全11回シリーズ) Sports have long been part of popular culture. In the United States, some players are as famous as movie stars or rock musicians. The lives of famous athletes are described not only in the news media, but in films and literature. Sports also have found their way into everyday sayings. One such example says: "It's not whether you win or lose, but how you play the game." That expression has been used for many years to define honor in sports. But today, many people question the honor of some athletes. III - a. 雑知識
III-b. 英語のことわざ ◆When in Rome, do as the Romans do◆ This proverb says that you should adapt to your surroundings. You should change your behavior and your habits to suit the people you are with. So, if you are in Rome, you should act like someone who lives in Rome. III -c. 英語でどう言う? (携帯電話で)メールを打つ text (a message) 【例文】Many people are texting while riding on a train. 迷惑メールを削除する delete junk mail 【例文】I have to delete junk mail every morning before I start working. 文字化けする turn into unreadable characters 【例文】All the text messages turned into unreadable characters. 着メロが鳴る ringtone ring out 【例文】Her ringtone rang out suddenly in the middle of the meeting. III-d 今週のイディオム have a good ear for 〜を聞き分ける力がある (have a well-developed sense or aptitude for listening) ear (耳)には音や外国語などを「聞き分ける力、観賞力」という意味があり、goodやkeen (鋭い)、nice (すばらしい)などを伴って「センスがある」という文脈で使われます。また、have no ear forとすれば「センスがない」の意味になります。 IV. Jokes a. "Honey, I have good news and bad news," a man tells his wife. "What is it?" she asks. "First, I think I'm losing my voice," he croaks. "OK," his wife says. "So what's the bad news?" b. A policeman was rushed to the hospital for an emergency appendectomy. The surgery went well, but afterwards he felt a weird pulling sensation on his chest. Worried that something else might be wrong with him, he lifted his hospital gown to take a look. Attached firmly to his chest hairs was a wide strip of tape. "Get well soon" was written on it, and it was signed "The nurse you gave a ticket to this morning." c. The windshield wiper and taillight had a staring contest. Who won? The windshield wiper - the taillight couldn't stop blinking. d. In Argentina< scientists have dug up the fossilized remains of a snake that had two legs. They say it's a direct ancestor of the modern lawyer. e. Trying to comfort an old lady whose husband had recently been killed in an accident, a social worker gently asked her about the terrible event. "Oh, it was so unexpected," said the widow. "Tom told me he was just going to the store to buy some lettuce for dinner. After a while, a policeman came to the door and said he'd been hit by a bus while crossing the road and had died instantly." "Oh, you poor dear," said the social worker. "Such terrible news. Whatever did you do?" "What could I do?" the old woman responded. "I had to open a can of peas." |