資料No. : NS090211
I-1 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題1 (1) TOEIC 1. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 After checking the laundry, I found the colors _______ (A) had run (B) running (C) runner (D) run 2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 They've all been _______ away already. (A) took (B) taken (C) taking (D) take 3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 That's the store _______ I bought it. (A) that (B) where (C) which (D) there 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 His students _______ that his class was very boring. (A) continued (B) produced (C) complained (D) bothered 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 He carried himself with _______. (A) assured (B) assurance (C) assurances (D) assure 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 She was still wearing the _______ white dress. (A) flowering (B) flower (C) flowery (D) flowers 7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The sight was simply _______. (A) with magnificence (B) magnificent (C) magnificently (D) magnificence 8. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 With my administrative assistant sick, I had no one to schedule appointments and ----- calls. (A) repeat (B) handle (C) organize (D) record 9. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Not only has the price of labor increased this year, the cost of our raw materials has, -----. (A) so (B) either (C) too (D) neither 10. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The pension plan called for one ----- a month from each employee and a matching contribution from the employer. (A) subtraction (B) invoice (C) commitment (D) payment 11. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 A)Of all the emerging Eastern European B)nation, none C)has a brighter future D)than Hungary. 12. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 A)Before our company started B)using the new ball bearings, we had C)much shutdowns D)on our assembly line. 13. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 Every (A)cog (B)in the machine fit (C)precisely into (D)it's correct position. (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 Most professional sports have venues, such as the Baseball Hall of Fame, designed specifically to honor -----. (A) an outstanding players (B) its outstanding players (C) their outstanding players (D) its outstanding player 2. 空所補充問題 The evolutionary changes by which snakes have evolved from crawling reptiles include not just the loss of the limbs, but also ----- of one lung and the elongation of many organs. (A) the reduction or loss (B) reducing or losing (C) to reduce or lose (D) reduced or lost 3. 空所補充問題 Initially a Roman Soldier, Spartacus deserted, was captured and sold as a gladiator slave, escaped, and went on ----- several successful battles against Roman forces from 72-71 B.C. (A) leading (B) led (C) lead (D) to lead 4. 空所補充問題 An international treaty signed in 1959 dedicated Antarctic exploration and development exclusively to -----. (A) the peaceful purposes (B) their peaceful purpose (C) peaceful purpose (D) peaceful purposes 5. 空所補充問題 The importance of the works of Rodin to 20th century sculpture ----- overstated. (A) could hardly (B) is hard to (C) can hardly be (D) is hard to be 6. 正誤問題 (A)Game theory is the mathematical study of strategic (B)phenomena and their influence (C)on the probability of achieving a favorable outcome in games (D)for example poker or chess. (A) Game (B) phenomena (C) on (D) for example 7. 正誤問題 (A)Merchants and political refugees (B)from India began (C)arrive in Indonesia (D)more than 2000 years ago. 8. 正誤問題 Rag paper (A)made from textile fibers provided (B)the least expensive, (C)more convenient writing surface than the specially prepared leather known (D)as parchment. 9. 正誤問題 (A)Although we often associate gardening with (B)a appreciation of the natural environment, this hobby is a (C)larger source of pesticide pollution than the factories (D)that produce the chemicals. 10. 正誤問題 There (A)are several occasions (B)on which the Magna Carta was revised and (C)reissued (D)between 1215 and 1217. I-2 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題解答 (1) TOEIC 1. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 After checking the laundry, I found the colors _______ (A) had run (B) running (C) runner (D) run 訳:洗濯物を見てみると、色落ちしていることがわかった。 ※正解(A)。この場合の run は「(色などが洗濯で)落ちる」という意味の自動詞です。(B) の running という現在分詞は、この場合は After checking 〜 という副詞節があるので不適切です。(D) の run を原形不定詞と考えると、find は原形不定詞を補語にはとりませんし、run は自動詞なので「〜させられた」という意味で過去分詞ととることもできません。正解は (A) で found の後に that 節 の that が省略された形です。 2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 They've all been _______ away already. (A) took (B) taken (C) taking (D) take 訳:それらはもう持っていかれてしまいました。 ※正解(B)。They've (all) been に注目すると、 という完了時制であることがわかります。過去分詞 been の後に続く語は、(B) か (C) にしぼられます。take away は「〜を持ち去る」という他動詞句で目的語を伴うので、(C) は不可。受動態の完了時制となる (B) が正解になります。 3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 That's the store _______ I bought it. (A) that (B) where (C) which (D) there 訳:私がそれを買ったのはその店です。 ※正解(B)。That's the store. と I bought it there. の2文をつなぐ関係詞が入ります。the store を先行詞として接続詞と副詞の働きをする (B) の関係副詞 where が正解です。関係代名詞の (C) which を用いる場合、in which と前置詞が必要です。 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 His students _______ that his class was very boring. (A) continued (B) produced (C) complained (D) bothered 訳:生徒たちは彼の授業はとても退屈だと文句を言った。 ※正解(C)。選択する動詞の目的語となる that 節の「授業がとても退屈だ(boring)」をヒントに、適切な語を選択します。(A) は「続けた」、(B) は 「生み出した」、(D) は 「困らせた」という意味です。(C) のcomplained「不平を言った」が文意に合います。 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 He carried himself with _______. (A) assured (B) assurance (C) assurances (D) assure 訳:彼は堂々と振る舞った。 ※正解(B)。「with+抽象名詞」で副詞の働きをし、with assurance「確信をもって」という意味になります。名詞の複数形の (C) assurances はここでは適切ではありません。過去分詞の (A) assured、動詞 (D) assure は with の後にはきません。 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 She was still wearing the _______ white dress. (A) flowering (B) flower (C) flowery (D) flowers 訳:彼女は花柄の白い服をまだ着ていました。 ※正解(C)。空所には white dress を修飾する形容詞が入りますが。したがって、(B) flower、(D) flowers は不適切です。(A) の flowering も「花の咲く、花を開く」という意味の形容詞でここでは適切ではありません。(C) の flowery「花模様の」が正解になります。 7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The sight was simply _______. (A) with magnificence (B) magnificent (C) magnificently (D) magnificence 訳:その眺めは実に見事だった。 ※正解(B)。第2文型の文で、空所に主語の補語となる語が入ることになります。前に副詞の simply があるので (A) with magnificence という副詞句や、副詞の (C) magnificently、(D) の名詞 magnificence「壮大さ」は不適切です。形容詞である (B) の magnificent「見事な」 が正解となります。 8. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 With my administrative assistant sick, I had no one to schedule appointments and ----- calls. (A) repeat (B) handle (C) organize (D) record 訳:私の補佐官が病気だったため、面会の予約を入れたり電話を処理したりしてくれる人間がいなかった。 ※正解(B)。解説 空所の目的語 calls (電話)は、 phone calls と言ってもよい。 (A)repeat (〜を繰り返す)、 (C)organize (〜を組織する)、 (D)record (〜を記録する)では意味が通らない。正解は (B) の handle (〜を処理する)。 9. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Not only has the price of labor increased this year, the cost of our raw materials has, -----. (A) so (B) either (C) too (D) neither 訳:今年は賃金が上がったばかりでなく、原料費も上がった。 ※正解(C)。解説 (A)so は、 too や also の意味で文末に用いることはできない。 (B)either は否定文に用いられて肯定文の too に相当する。 (D)neither は neither A nor B ( A も B も〜ない)という形で用いられる。正解は (C)too 。 10. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The pension plan called for one ----- a month from each employee and a matching contribution from the employer. (A) subtraction (B) invoice (C) commitment (D) payment 訳:その年金計画では、各従業員から月1回の納入金とこれと同額の分担金を各雇用主に求めた。 ※正解(D)。解説 call for 〜は「〜を要求する」という意味。 (A)subtraction (引き算)、 (B)invoice (送り状)、 (C)commitment (約束)、 (D)payment (支払い、納入)のうち、文脈から判断して最もふさわしいのは (D) 。 11. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 A)Of all the emerging Eastern European B)nation, none C)has a brighter future D)than Hungary. 訳:すべての東欧の新興国のうちでハンガリーほど明るい未来を持った国はない。 ※正解(B)。解説 (B)nation は all に修飾されているので nations と複数形にするのが正解。なお、この none ( =no nation )は単数なので (C) の has は正しい。 12. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 A)Before our company started B)using the new ball bearings, we had C)much shutdowns D)on our assembly line. 訳:わが社が新しいボールベアリングを使用し始める前は、組み立てラインの操業がしばしば停止した。 ※正解(C)。解説 shutdowns は可算名詞 shutdown (操業休止)の複数形なので、 (C) の much は many としなければならない。 13. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 Every (A)cog (B)in the machine fit (C)precisely into (D)it's correct position. 訳:機械の歯車はどれも、きちんとあるべき所におさまっていた。 ※正解(D)。it's → its。(A) cog「(歯車の)歯」(C) precisely「正確に、精密に」(D) it's [it is, it hasの短縮形] its [itの所有格]「それの、あれの、その」 (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 Most professional sports have venues, such as the Baseball Hall of Fame, designed specifically to honor -----. (A) an outstanding players (B) its outstanding players (C) their outstanding players (D) its outstanding player ※正解(C)。【解説】 anと複数形の組み合わせはあり得ないので(A)は除外できる。問題はitsとtheirが何を指しているかである。Most professional sportsにおけるoutstanding playersのことを言っているので、正解はtheirを使っている(C)になる。 2. 空所補充問題 The evolutionary changes by which snakes have evolved from crawling reptiles include not just the loss of the limbs, but also ----- of one lung and the elongation of many organs. (A) the reduction or loss (B) reducing or losing (C) to reduce or lose (D) reduced or lost ※正解(A)。【解説】 not just ... but alsoの構文である。not justの後にはthe lossと名詞形が使われているので、それに合わせてbut alsoの後にも名詞形the reduction or lossを使うことになる。 3. 空所補充問題 Initially a Roman Soldier, Spartacus deserted, was captured and sold as a gladiator slave, escaped, and went on ----- several successful battles against Roman forces from 72-71 B.C. (A) leading (B) led (C) lead (D) to lead ※正解(D)。【解説】 went on leadingでもよさそうだが、それでは「 ……し続けた」の意味になる。ここはwent on to ... で「... するようになった」を使わなくては意味が通らない。 4. 空所補充問題 An international treaty signed in 1959 dedicated Antarctic exploration and development exclusively to -----. (A) the peaceful purposes (B) their peaceful purpose (C) peaceful purpose (D) peaceful purposes ※正解(D)。【解説】 (B)はtheirが何を指すのかが分からない。purpose「目的」は可算名詞である。したがった、(C) peaceful purposeは冠詞を付けるか、複数形にしなければならない。theの有無で悩むところだが、具体的な目的について述べているわけではないので、(D) peaceful purposesが正解となる。 5. 空所補充問題 The importance of the works of Rodin to 20th century sculpture ----- overstated. (A) could hardly (B) is hard to (C) can hardly be (D) is hard to be ※正解(C)。【解説】 could hardlyとis hard toの後にoverstatedを続けることはできないのは明らかである。正解は(C)か(D)のどちらかである。can hardly be overstatedで「……を誇張し過ぎることはない」の意味になる。 6. 正誤問題 (A)Game theory is the mathematical study of strategic (B)phenomena and their influence (C)on the probability of achieving a favorable outcome in games (D)for example poker or chess. (A) Game (B) phenomena (C) on (D) for example ※正解(D)。【解説】 for example → such as。Game theory「ゲーム理論」に冠詞は必要ない。phenomenaはphenomenon「現象」の複数形である。influence「影響」の後に来る前置詞onに問題はない。この文脈ではfor exampleではなくsuch asを使わなくてはいけない。for exampleを用いる場合には、例えば、次のように言う。... in games such as poker or chess, for example / ... in games, for example, poker or chess 7. 正誤問題 (A)Merchants and political refugees (B)from India began (C)arrive in Indonesia (D)more than 2000 years ago. ※正解(C)。【解説】 arrive → to arrive / arriving。複数形Merchantsと前置詞fromに問題はない。beganの後のarriveはto arrive、あるいは、arrivingにしなければならない。more than ... 「……以上」。 8. 正誤問題 Rag paper (A)made from textile fibers provided (B)the least expensive, (C)more convenient writing surface than the specially prepared leather known (D)as parchment. ※正解(B)。【解説】 the least → a less。thanが使われていることに注目する。したがって、moreに問題はない。the leastは最上級なので、ここはa lessと比較級にしなければ後に来るthanと対応しなくなる。madeの前にはthat isを補って考える。known as ... 「……として知られている」。 9. 正誤問題 (A)Although we often associate gardening with (B)a appreciation of the natural environment, this hobby is a (C)larger source of pesticide pollution than the factories (D)that produce the chemicals. ※正解(B)。【解説】簡単過ぎて見逃してしまいそうな誤りである。appreciationの前の冠詞はaではなくanである。 10. 正誤問題 There (A)are several occasions (B)on which the Magna Carta was revised and (C)reissued (D)between 1215 and 1217. ※正解(A)。【解説】 are → were。過去に起きたことについて述べているので、areはwereにしなければならない。 II.時事英文 Proverbs (その4:全5回シリーズ) Another proverb says "Love is blind." In other words, when you are in love with someone, you may refuse to see anything bad about that person. Here is another popular saying about love: "The way to a man's heart is through his stomach." Some people believe that a woman can win a man's love if she prepares his favorite foods. III - a. 雑知識
III-b. 英語のことわざ ◆Wake not a sleeping lion◆ It is best not to disturb something or to try and change something because it may lead to trouble. III -c. 英語でどう言う? タイヤがパンクする have / get a flat tire 【例文】We had a flat tire on the way to the station. エンストする have engine trouble 【例文】My car had engine trouble at the railroad crossing. ガス欠になる run out of gas 【例文】Jack's car ran out of gas in the middle of nowhere. ジャックの車は辺ぴな場所でガス欠になった バッテリーが上がる battery runs down 【例文】My car battery ran down the other day so I replaced it with a new one. III-d 今週のイディオム asleep at the wheel 注意散漫な、集中力を欠いた (not paying attention at a critical moment) 自動車を運転している最中に、居眠りをすることから生まれた慣用表現。at the wheelは「ハンドルを握って」の意味。猛スピードで走っている車の運転手が居眠りをして、大事故を引き起こす危険性を、不注意や集中力の欠如にたとえたイディオムです。文字通りの意味で使われることもあります。 This is a dangerous assignment so I don't want anyone falling asleep at the wheel. (これは危険な任務だから、だれもが注意散漫にならないようにしてもらいたい) Why was our government asleep at the wheel when the financial crisis began? (金融危機が始まったとき、なぜ政府は注意を怠ったのだろう?) He must have been asleep at the whell when he crashed into the parked bus. (停車中のバスに衝突したとき、彼は居眠りをしていたに違いない) IV. Jokes a. Because he's a chemist and I'm a personal trainer, my fiance and I don't always agree about what eating healthy means. I prefer foods with less fat and fewer calories while he watches for chemicals and additives. We were grocery shopping one day and I asked him to go and get some butter. "Which kind," he asked, "cancer or heart attack?" b. Following a sunny beach holiday, my hair was somewhat frazzled and bleached by the sea and scorching sun. I promptly made an appointment at my local hairdresser for a quick fix-up. When I arrived, a young woman introduced herself as Rose and led me to my seat. "Are you the girl who styled my hair the last time?" I asked. "Erm, I don't think so," she replied politely. "I've only worked here 18 months." c. A chart in my biology textbook rated different methods of contraception according to how effective studies showed they were. One entry just didn't make sense: "Abstinence - 32% failure." d. One day, I told my son the story of Noah and the ark. I gave him the full treatment, complete with animal sounds and detailed descriptions of the beasts arriving two by two. At the end, I asked him if he had any questions. He had just one: "Where were you hiding?" e. The minute I walked into the post office, the postmaster noticed the beautiful diamond earrings my husband had just given me. "Those must be real diamonds," she said. "Yes, they are." I was thrilled she'd noticed. "How could you tell?" "Because," she said, "nobody buys fake diamonds that small." f. Anticipating that I'd be in for a long wait at the hospital A&E waiting room, I'd brought the previous day's paper along. Four hours later, I'd read it from cover to cover and put it on the seat next to me. One of three teenage girls sitting opposite, who'd been complaining very loudly about their long wait, came over and asked if she could borrow it. She took it over to her friends, registered its date, then blurted out loudly, "That man's been here since yesterday!" |