資料No. : NS090204
I-1 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題 (1) TOEIC 1. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Are you sure that he's pronouncing it _______? (A) proper (B) with properness (C) proper way (D) properly 2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 He was _______ than I thought. (A) impression (B) greatly impressive (C) more impressive (D) greater impression 3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 When would they have _______ to see it? (A) to been (B) able to be (C) been able (D) able 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Behind the current economic strength _______ the concern over exchange rates. (A) will lurk (B) lurking (C) has lurked (D) lurks 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 We should try very _______ to improve our relationship with our customers. (A) hardly (B) probably (C) hard (D) possible 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 There is a 3% _______ if you order more than 100. (A) reduce (B) discount (C) cheaper (D) inexpensive 7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The key to our future success _______ increased productivity. (A) depends (B) had to be (C) will be (D) is likely 8. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 All contracts ----- first by the subcontractor and then by our vice president. (A) are signed (B) signed (C) signing (D) must sign 9. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Although she was not prepared, she delivered her speech -----. (A) smoothly (B) carefully (C) fearfully (D) sharply 10. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 In response ----- your recent query, I am enclosing a catalogue of our firm's products. (A) of (B) for (C) with (D) to 11. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 Mr. Banks A)wants to know B)if it is C)total impossible to persuade the bank D)to reconsider the loan. 12. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 When A)do you B)expect to finish C)processing last D)month invoices? 13. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 A)Almost the vehicles we B)shipped last month C)have been sold D)already. (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 Throughout most of human history, fur has been obtained through ----- of wild animals, but today the vast majority of fur comes from ranches and fur farms. (A) to hunt and trap (B) the hunting and trapping (C) the hunted and trapped (D) hunt and trap 2. 空所補充問題 The primary function of a space suit is ----- from the deadly radiation, extreme decompression and temperature extremes of space. (A) the wearer is kept safe (B) keeping the wearer safe (C) to keep the wearer safe (D) keeps the wearer safe 3. 空所補充問題 James K. Polk ----- into office on March 4, 1845 as the 11th American president. (A) was sworn (B) swore (C) sworn (D) had sworn 4. 空所補充問題 Spanish explorers conceived of the construction of a canal linking the Atlantic and Pacific oceans as early as 1502, but ----- was successfully carried out until the Panama Canal was finally opened in 1914. (A) none plan like it (B) no such plan (C) never such a plan (D) nor any plan 5. 空所補充問題 "Wearable" computer equipment will begin to emerge as soon as comfortable, aesthetically pleasing fabrics incorporating insulated, electrically conductive fibers ----- developed. (A) can (B) are to be (C) are being (D) are 6. 正誤問題 (A)Hundreds of plays by Sophocles (B)have been lost, (C)with only short fragments or second-hand references (D)to remain. 7. 正誤問題 George Washington (A)was considered (B)a war hero when (C)was elected (D)America's first president. 8. 正誤問題 Some public policy experts have argued (A)that the system should not let welfare recipients (B)to receive benefits (C)without proving that they are actively seeking out (D)employment. 9. 正誤問題 The philosophical tradition (A)originated by Aristotle (B)has been (C)highly regarded in the world of medieval Islamic (D)thought. 10. 正誤問題 (A)The Galician language is very (B)closely (C)related to (D)that of Portuguese. I-2 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題解答 (1) TOEIC 1. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Are you sure that he's pronouncing it _______? (A) proper (B) with properness (C) proper way (D) properly 訳:本当に彼はそれを正しく発音していると思いますか? ※正解(D)。that 以下の従属節の動詞 pronounce を修飾する副詞が入ります。(A) proper には副詞の意味もありますが、「完全に、ひどく」という意味で文意が合いません。正解は (D) の副詞の properly「適切に」です。accurately を用いても同様の意味になります。 2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 He was _______ than I thought. (A) impression (B) greatly impressive (C) more impressive (D) greater impression 訳:思っていたより彼には感銘を受けた。 ※正解(C)。比較級の基本的用法は<形容詞・副詞の比較級+than 〜>となります。そうすると、まず最初に (A) や (B) は消去されます。(D) は文型上、He = impression ではないので不適切であることに気づくでしょう。形容詞 impressive に more をつけて比較級を表している (C) が正解となります。 3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 When would they have _______ to see it? (A) to been (B) able to be (C) been able (D) able 訳:彼らはいつそれを見ることができたのでしょうか? ※正解(C)。would と have をヒントに仮定法過去完了であることがわかります。の形で「過去の事柄に関する不確実な推量」を表します。正解は (C) の been able で、「たぶん見られなかっただろう」という含みをもつ反語的な意味になります。 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Behind the current economic strength _______ the concern over exchange rates. (A) will lurk (B) lurking (C) has lurked (D) lurks 訳:現在の経済の強さの裏には為替レートに関する不安が潜んでいる。 ※正解(D)。"The concern over exchange rates ( ) behind the current economic strength."の倒置と考えればよい。 ( ) の中には動詞が入ることが容易に分かるはず。will lurk は時制が問題。has lurked も意味上不自然。 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 We should try very _______ to improve our relationship with our customers. (A) hardly (B) probably (C) hard (D) possible 訳:私たちは顧客との関係を向上させるために一所懸命に努めねばなりません。 ※正解(C)。probably「おそらく」は意味上、possible「可能な」は意味と構文上不可。hardly は否定の副詞で、「まず…ではない」の意味。 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 There is a 3% _______ if you order more than 100. (A) reduce (B) discount (C) cheaper (D) inexpensive 訳:100 個以上ご注文の場合には 3% の割引があります。 ※正解(B)。a があるところから「値引き、割引」の意味の名詞が入ることが分かるはずです。reduce は「削減する、低下させる」の意味の動詞。cheaper は形容詞 cheap(「安い」の意味で、inexpensive と同義)の比較級。 7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The key to our future success _______ increased productivity. (A) depends (B) had to be (C) will be (D) is likely 訳:当社の将来的な成功の鍵は生産性の向上です。 ※正解(C)。depends「…に拠る」を使う時は、Our future success depends on increased productivity. likely は「たぶん」の意味では、通常 very または most を伴います。「…しそうだ」の意味では、be likely to ... または be likely that ...です。 8. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 All contracts ----- first by the subcontractor and then by our vice president. (A) are signed (B) signed (C) signing (D) must sign 訳:すべての契約書は、最初に下請け業者が署名してから、わが社の副社長が署名することになっている。 ※正解(A)。解説 All contracts (すべての契約書)が主語なので、文法的に正しいのは、 sign (〜に署名する)の受動態である (A)are signed のみ。 9. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Although she was not prepared, she delivered her speech -----. (A) smoothly (B) carefully (C) fearfully (D) sharply 訳:彼女は準備していなかったが、流ちょうにスピーチをした。 ※正解(A)。解説 ここでの deliver は、「(演説など)をする」という意味。文法的にはどの選択肢を入れても成り立つので、内容から最もふさわしい選択肢を判断しなければならない。 (A)smoothly (流ちょうに)、 (B)carefully (注意深く)、 (C)fearfully (びくびくと)、 (D)sharply (鋭く)のうち、文意に合うのは (A) 。 10. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 In response ----- your recent query, I am enclosing a catalogue of our firm's products. (A) of (B) for (C) with (D) to 訳:先日のお問い合わせにおこたえし、わが社の製品のカタログを同封いたします。 ※正解(D)。解説 In response to 〜は「〜にこたえて、〜に応じて」という意味。 answering 〜より堅苦しい言い方で、ビジネスレターの決まり文句。よって正解は (D) 。 11. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 Mr. Banks A)wants to know B)if it is C)total impossible to persuade the bank D)to reconsider the loan. 訳:バンクスさんは、そのローンを再検討するように銀行を説得することがまったく不可能かどうかを知りたいのです。 ※正解(C)。解説 impossible (不可能な)は形容詞なので、修飾する (C) は形容詞 total ではなく、副詞 totally でなくてはならない。 12. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 2. 空所補充問題 When A)do you B)expect to finish C)processing last D)month invoices? 訳:先月の送り状の整理が終わるのはいつごろになりそうですか。 ※正解(D)。解説 (C) の process ( [ 書類・資料など ] を整理する)の目的語は「先月の送り状」。よって last month invoices は、 last month's invoices としなければならない。正解は (D) 。 13. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 A)Almost the vehicles we B)shipped last month C)have been sold D)already. 訳:わが社が先月出荷した車はもうほとんど売り切れている。 ※正解(A)。解説 (A) の Almost は副詞なので、名詞 the vehicles を修飾することはできない。「ほとんどすべての車両」というには、形容詞 all を入れて Almost all the vehicles とするのが正しい。 (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 Throughout most of human history, fur has been obtained through ----- of wild animals, but today the vast majority of fur comes from ranches and fur farms. (A) to hunt and trap (B) the hunting and trapping (C) the hunted and trapped (D) hunt and trap ※正解(B)。【解説】 前置詞thoughの後にto hunt ... と不定詞が来るはずがない。through the hunting and trapping ... とすれば「野生動物を狩ったり、捕らえたりすることで」の意味になる。theの後にhuntedとtrappedを続けては、意味が成り立たない。 hunt and trapを名詞と考えても、of以下から限定されているのでその前に冠詞のtheが必要である。しかし、この場合には、名詞ではなく、the hunting and trappingと動名詞を使う。 2. 空所補充問題 The primary function of a space suit is ----- from the deadly radiation, extreme decompression and temperature extremes of space. (A) the wearer is kept safe (B) keeping the wearer safe (C) to keep the wearer safe (D) keeps the wearer safe ※正解(C)。【解説】 空所の前にisがあるので、正解はkeeping ... かto keep ... のどちらかである。このような場合には、動名詞ではなく、to不定詞を用いる。正解はto keep the wearer safeである。 3. 空所補充問題 James K. Polk ----- into office on March 4, 1845 as the 11th American president. (A) was sworn (B) swore (C) sworn (D) had sworn ※正解(A)。【解説】 swearの用法を知らなければ答えは分からない。be sworn into ... で「宣誓をして……に就任する」の意味になる。 4. 空所補充問題 Spanish explorers conceived of the construction of a canal linking the Atlantic and Pacific oceans as early as 1502, but ----- was successfully carried out until the Panama Canal was finally opened in 1914. (A) none plan like it (B) no such plan (C) never such a plan (D) nor any plan ※正解(B)。【解説】 文意からして空所には「そのような計画は……ない」の意味になるはずである。この意味を表すのはno such planである。 5. 空所補充問題 "Wearable" computer equipment will begin to emerge as soon as comfortable, aesthetically pleasing fabrics incorporating insulated, electrically conductive fibers ----- developed. (A) can (B) are to be (C) are being (D) are ※正解(D)。【解説】 as soon asの後は、主語+( )+developedの形になっている。このことから空所に受け身のbeが入ることが分かるだろう。これで「……が開発されたらすぐに」の意味になる。 6. 正誤問題 (A)Hundreds of plays by Sophocles (B)have been lost, (C)with only short fragments or second-hand references (D)to remain. ※正解(D)。【解説】 to remain → remaining。hundreds of ... 「多くの(何百もの)……」と完了形have been ... の用法に問題はない。前置詞withは状況を表している。to remainはremaining「残った」としなければいけない。 7. 正誤問題 George Washington (A)was considered (B)a war hero when (C)was elected (D)America's first president. ※正解(C)。【解説】 was → he was。すぐにwhenの後のwasがおかしいことに気づいたのではないか。このままではwhen以下の文に主語がないことになる。heを補わなければ文が成立しない。 8. 正誤問題 Some public policy experts have argued (A)that the system should not let welfare recipients (B)to receive benefits (C)without proving that they are actively seeking out (D)employment. ※正解(B)。【解説】 to receive → receive。接続詞thatに問題はない。letがあるので、to receiveは原形のreceiveになる。without proving that ... で「……を証明せずに」の意味になる。employment「職」に冠詞は必要ない。 9. 正誤問題 The philosophical tradition (A)originated by Aristotle (B)has been (C)highly regarded in the world of medieval Islamic (D)thought. ※正解(B)。【解説】 has been → was。originated byの前にはthat wasが略されている。過去の話をしているのでhas beenはwasにしなければならない。highly「大いに」はregardedにかかる副詞。thoughtは「思想」の意。 10. 正誤問題 (A)The Galician language is very (B)closely (C)related to (D)that of Portuguese. ※正解(D)。【解説】 that of Portuguese → Portuguese。冠詞theに問題はない。be very closely related to ... で「.……ととても密接に関係している」の意味になる。どう見てもthat of Portugueseのthat ofは必要ない。 II.時事英文 Proverbs (その3:全5回シリーズ) Here are other examples of proverbs that Americans use. The first ones are about love. Some people say, "All is fair in love and war." They mean that anything you do in a relationship or in battle is acceptable. Another proverb about love is, "Absence makes the heart grow fonder." This means you love someone even more when he or she is far away. But other people say, "Out of sight, out of mind." You may not even think about that person when he or she is not with you. Which of these proverbs do you think is most true? III - a. 雑知識
III-b. 英語のことわざ ◆United we stand, divided we fall.◆ This means that there is more chance that you will be stronger and safer if you are in a group than if you try to do something by working on your own or if everyone has a different opinion or is trying to do something different. The original image is military. It is easier to defeat an enemy that is not united and where different leaders have different ideas of what to do. III -c. 英語でどう言う? 紅葉狩りに行く (go to) see the fall leaf colors 【例文】We went to Nikko last week to see the fall leaf colors. 温泉につかる soak in a hot spring 【例文】In this hotel, guests can enjoy the beautiful scenary while soaking in a hot spring. 舌鼓を打つ smack one's lips 【例文】The local dishes were so good that we all smacked our lips. 〜におみやげを買う buy present for〜 【例文】I have to buy present for my busy friends who couldn't loin us on this hot springs trip. III-d 今週のイディオム throw someone under the bus 人に罪を負わせる、身代わりにする (sacrifice some other person, scapegoat) 人を「バスの下敷きにする」が文字通りの意味で、かつての同僚や友人を身代わりにするという場合に使います。身に覚えのないことで責任を負わされたり、誤りを隠ぺいするために利用されるという含みがあります。 To shift the blame, the politician threw his former assistant under the bus, accusing him of misdeeds. (責任転嫁するために、その政治家はかつての助手を身代わりにし、不正行為をしたと言って非難した) He threw me under the bus for his own political gain. (彼は政治的な利益を得るために私を身代わりにした) I'm upset because I'm the one who got thrown under the bus and lost my job. (私は動揺している。なぜなら責任を負わされて、仕事まで失ってしまったのだから) IV. Jokes a. My five-year-old granddaughter, Madison, loves to talk. One afternoon we were chatting when she suddenly said, "Grandma, I'm afraid to die." Wanting to reassure her, I said. "Honey, everything will be all right. Grandma will come and get you, you won't be alone." "Can I take my body?" Madison asked. "You won't need it," I said. "It'll slow us down; we'll be in the sky on our way to heaven." She was quiet for a few minutes. "Grandma," she said, "do you think maybe I could take my lips." b. A woman and her grandson were sitting in front of me in church. During the service the minister moved to the lectern to read the Biblical text. As he opened the large Bible, a small boy's voice rang out. "Oh, Grandma!" he exclaimed. "He isn't going to read the whole thing, is he?" c. My two granddaughters, Emily, four, and Samantha, nine, had been saving their money and were anxious to buy something, so I took them shopping one day. Everything Emily saw, she wanted. "Do I have enough money to buy this, Grandma?" she'd ask. "No, you don't have enough," I'd reply. Finally, she tilted her head to one side and asked, "Grandma, do you want me to help you spend some of your money?" d. I was reading Cinderella before tucking my two-year-old, Elizabeth, into bed. I got to the part where the evil step-sisters were making Cinderella mop, dust and sweep, when Elizabeth stopped me. "Cinderella," she announced, "need a vacuum cleaner." |