資料No. : NS090128
I-1 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題 (1) TOEIC 1. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Not only her children but also her mother _______ in the park. (A) was (B) have been (C) being (D) were 2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Are you sure we ought _______ this on the air later tonight? (A) to show (B) to be shown (C) have shown (D) show 訳:これを今晩遅くに放送するべきだと本当に思いますか? 3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 He asked me to check all _______ major hotels while I was there. (A) a (B) an (C) the (D) some 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Show me that report when he _______ out of the room. (A) goes (B) will go (C) is gone (D) went 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 These _______ distributed at next week's meeting. (A) were (B) have been (C) will (D) are being 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 I'm sorry we were so late. The train was _______. (A) been delayed (B) delay (C) delayed (D) delaying 7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 You'd better hit the _______ if you want to pass that exam. (A) roof (B) bottle (C) books (D) road 8. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The goal of our customer service department is to answer all inquiries -----. (A) promptly (B) resentfully (C) provokingly (D) painfully 9. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 If the conveyor belt had not broken down last week, we ----- able to fill that order on time. (A) would be (B) will have been (C) had been (D) would have been 10. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Please ----- our company-wide policy of no smoking in work areas. (A) follow (B) neglect (C) regard (D) compare 11. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 My mother (A)told me (B)that I (C)to have to stay at home (D)over the weekend. 12. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 His (A)resignation (B)came as a huge (C)surprises to (D)all of us. 13. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 (A)As we are both (B)a student, let's (C)share the expenses (D)half and half. (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 The present-day gar is an example of fishes, much more common in Paleozoic and Mesozoic times, whose bodies ----- in an armor of thick enamel-like scales. (A) are encasing (B) do encase (C) encase (D) are encased 2. 空所補充問題 In the manufacture of advanced passenger aircraft, the cockpit and main wing are considered the most complex, difficult and costly -----. (A) to build (B) in building (C) for building (D) of to build 3. 空所補充問題 Paleobotany is the branch of botany exclusively concerned ----- fossil plants. (A) at (B) with (C) for (D) on 4. 空所補充問題 Scottish mathematician Colin Maclaurin was considered by some to be an equal of Newton, although many modern students of math are not aware of -----. (A) he was who (B) who he was (C) he who was (D) who was he 5. 空所補充問題 The depletion of whale stocks contributed to the decline of the American whaling industry, ----- the discovery of plentiful crude oil reserves in the state of Pennsylvania. (A) as did (B) like as (C) and so (D) same so 6. 正誤問題 The Australian gold rush that began (A)around 1851 caused a massive shift toward gold production (B)that demanded (C)the more manpower from (D)nearly every other field of labor. 7. 正誤問題 The distribution of soybean cultivation in (A)ancient Japan and China (B)was (C)far greater than (D)the West. 8. 正誤問題 The faun, (A)which is the Italian (B)counterpart of the satyr of ancient Greek mythology, (C)are mythical creatures half man and half beast (D)closely associated with Dionysus. 9. 正誤問題 The history of the game badminton begins in India, (A)where British soldiers (B)developed it in (C)the early 1870s, originally (D)called it "poona". 10. 正誤問題 (A)The most distinctive (B)characteristic of limestone is that it (C)contain (D)at least 50% calcium carbonate. I-2 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題解答 (1) TOEIC 1. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Not only her children but also her mother _______ in the park. (A) was (B) have been (C) being (D) were 訳:彼女の子供たちだけでなく、彼女の母親もその公園にいた。 ※正解(A)。 only 〜 but also ... 「〜だけでなく…もまた」が主語の位置にある場合、動詞は ... に一致させます。したがって、ここでは her mother に呼応する、(A) の was が正解です。 2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Are you sure we ought _______ this on the air later tonight? (A) to show (B) to be shown (C) have shown (D) show 訳:これを今晩遅くに放送するべきだと本当に思いますか? ※正解(A)。ought は後ろにがくるので (C)、(D) は不適切です。(B) は受動態で、「〜されるべきだ」という意味。 3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 He asked me to check all _______ major hotels while I was there. (A) a (B) an (C) the (D) some 訳:そこにいる間に、すべての一流ホテルを調べるように彼に頼まれた。 ※正解(C)。で、その名詞の指すものすべてを表します。したがって、正解は (C) です。all は the の前にくるという語順に注意してください。 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Show me that report when he _______ out of the room. (A) goes (B) will go (C) is gone (D) went 訳:彼が部屋から出ていったら、そのレポートを見せてよ。 ※正解(A)。彼が「部屋から出ていく」のは未来のことですが、when を使った「時」を表す副詞節の中では、未来のことでも現在形で表します。したがって、正解は (A) になります。I don't know when he will come back.「彼がいつ帰るかわかりません」など、名詞節のときは未来形を使いますから、注意しましょう。 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 These _______ distributed at next week's meeting. (A) were (B) have been (C) will (D) are being 訳:これは来週の会議で配布されます。 ※正解(D)。「来週の会議で」という未来の内容を表す副詞句がヒントです。(A) の過去形や (B) の現在完了では不適切です。また、(C) の未来を表す助動詞 will の後には distributed はきません。正解は (D) で、受動態の進行形で未来を表しています。 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 I'm sorry we were so late. The train was _______. (A) been delayed (B) delay (C) delayed (D) delaying 訳:遅れてすみません。電車が遅れたんです。 ※正解(C)。delay は「遅らせる」という意味の他動詞です。ここでは the train が主語なので受動態になります。(A) や (B) では直前の be 動詞の was につながりません。 7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 You'd better hit the _______ if you want to pass that exam. (A) roof (B) bottle (C) books (D) road 訳:その試験に合格したいなら、猛勉強しなさい。 ※正解(C)。どの選択肢にも hit と結びついたイディオムがあるので、それぞれの意味を知らなければ迷うかもしれません。正解は(C) の hit the books で「(猛烈に)勉強する」です。Hit the roof は「かんしゃくを起こす;(物価などが)うなぎ登りに上がる」、hit the bottle は「大酒を飲む」、hit the road は「(車などで)出かける;旅に出る」という意味です。 8. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The goal of our customer service department is to answer all inquiries -----. (A) promptly (B) resentfully (C) provokingly (D) painfully 訳:わが社のお得意様係は、すべての問い合わせに迅速にこたえることをモットーとしている。 ※正解(A)。解説 選択肢がすべて副詞なので、どの副詞が一番文脈にふさわしいかを判断しなければならない。 (B)resentfully (憤慨したように)、 (C)provokingly (腹立たしく)、 (D)painfully (苦労して)では意味が合わない。正解は (A)promptly (敏速に)。 9. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 If the conveyor belt had not broken down last week, we ----- able to fill that order on time. (A) would be (B) will have been (C) had been (D) would have been 訳:もし先週ベルトコンベヤーが故障していなかったら、納期までにあの注文に十分こたえられたのだが。 ※正解(D)。解説 事実は、「先週ベルトコンベヤーが故障したから注文に間に合わなかった」ということである。これを過去の事実の反対を仮定する仮定法過去完了を用いて述べているので、文法的に正しいのは (D) のみ。 10. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Please ----- our company-wide policy of no smoking in work areas. (A) follow (B) neglect (C) regard (D) compare 訳:全社内の仕事場での禁煙の方針に従ってください。 ※正解(A)。解説 company-wide policy は「全社に適用された方針」という意味。 (B)neglect (〜を無視する)、 (C)regard (〜を [ …と ] 見なす)、 (D)compare (〜を [ …と ] 比較する)、ではいずれも文の意味が通らない。正解は (A) の follow (〜に従う)。 11. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 My mother (A)told me (B)that I (C)to have to stay at home (D)over the weekend. 訳:母が週末は家にいるように言った。 ※正解(C)。to have to → have to / had to。[ヒント]「that S + V」that I have to 12. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 His (A)resignation (B)came as a huge (C)surprises to (D)all of us. 訳:彼が辞任し、われわれは皆、非常に驚いた。 ※正解(C)。surprises → surprise。(A) resignation「辞職、辞任」(C) surprise「おどろき」「驚くべきこと」 13. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 (A)As we are both (B)a student, let's (C)share the expenses (D)half and half. 訳:わたしたち学生なんだから、費用は割り勘にしましょう。 ※正解(B)。a student → students。expense [複数で]「費用」(D) half and half「同量に、半分に」[ヒント]主語の名詞と補語の名詞の数に注意。 (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 The present-day gar is an example of fishes, much more common in Paleozoic and Mesozoic times, whose bodies ----- in an armor of thick enamel-like scales. (A) are encasing (B) do encase (C) encase (D) are encased ※正解(D)。【解説】 動詞encase「(箱などに)入れる」をどう使えばいいか。受け身にすれば、whose bodies are encased in an armor of thick enamel-like scales.で「身体が厚いエナメルのような鱗の鎧に包まれている」の意味になる。gar「ガー、ガーパイク(魚)」。 2. 空所補充問題 In the manufacture of advanced passenger aircraft, the cockpit and main wing are considered the most complex, difficult and costly -----. (A) to build (B) in building (C) for building (D) of to build ※正解(A)。【解説】 不定詞to buildを使えば、the cockpit and main wingがto buildの目的語になり、「コックピットと主翼は、造り上げるには最も複雑で、難しく、費用がかかる」という意味になる。 3. 空所補充問題 Paleobotany is the branch of botany exclusively concerned ----- fossil plants. (A) at (B) with (C) for (D) on ※正解(B)。【解説】 concernedの後に来る前置詞は? be concerned with ... で「……関係する、係わる」の意味になる。botanyの後にthat/which isが省略されている。 4. 空所補充問題 Scottish mathematician Colin Maclaurin was considered by some to be an equal of Newton, although many modern students of math are not aware of -----. (A) he was who (B) who he was (C) he who was (D) who was he ※正解(B)。【解説】 are not aware of .... で「……を知らない」の意味。「誰であったのか知らない」の意味にするには、ofの後に間接疑問文who he wasを続ける。 5. 空所補充問題 The depletion of whale stocks contributed to the decline of the American whaling industry, ----- the discovery of plentiful crude oil reserves in the state of Pennsylvania. (A) as did (B) like as (C) and so (D) same so ※正解(A)。【解説】 空所を挟んで前後の文を並列している。選択肢からして、空所には「... (と同じ)ように」の意味を表す語句が入るはずである。正解はas didである。本来はas the discovery of plentiful crude oil reserves in the state of Pennsylvania didであった語順を、didに比して主語が長いのでas did ... と倒置したのである。ちなみにsameを使うなら、in the same way as ... のように言う。 6. 正誤問題 The Australian gold rush that began (A)around 1851 caused a massive shift toward gold production (B)that demanded (C)the more manpower from (D)nearly every other field of labor. ※正解(C)。【解説】 the more → more。aroundは前置詞で「……頃」の意味。接続詞thatの用法に問題はない。文脈から考えてmoreの前に冠詞theは必要ない。nearly「ほとんど」は副詞。 7. 正誤問題 The distribution of soybean cultivation in (A)ancient Japan and China (B)was (C)far greater than (D)the West. ※正解(D)。【解説】 the West → in the West。ancient Japanの前に冠詞はいらない。wasはこの文の主語The distributionに呼応している。farはgreaterを強調する副詞である。残るはthe Westである。the Westの前にinを入れなければならない。 8. 正誤問題 The faun, (A)which is the Italian (B)counterpart of the satyr of ancient Greek mythology, (C)are mythical creatures half man and half beast (D)closely associated with Dionysus. ※正解(C)。【解説】 are mythical creatures → is a mythical creature。関係代名詞which is、counterpart「似たもの、相当するもの」の用法に問題はない。mythical creaturesはこの文の主語faun「ファウヌス(ローマ神話)」を受けているので、areではなくis a mythical creatureと単数にしなければならない。be closely associated with ... は「深く関連している」の意味。 9. 正誤問題 The history of the game badminton begins in India, (A)where British soldiers (B)developed it in (C)the early 1870s, originally (D)called it "poona". ※正解(D)。【解説】 関係副詞where、動詞developedの用法に問題はない。in the early 1870sで「1870年代初期」の意味になる。過去形developedの後に、また、動詞の過去形calledを続けるのはおかしい。ここでは分詞callingを使う。 10. 正誤問題 (A)The most distinctive (B)characteristic of limestone is that it (C)contain (D)at least 50% calcium carbonate. ※正解(C)。【解説】 最上級の前に来る冠詞Theに問題はない。この場合のcharasteristic「特性、特徴」は名詞である。itの後に来るcontainは、当然、sを付けてcontainsにしなければならない。at leastは「少なくとも」の意味。 II.時事英文 Proverbs (その2:全5回シリーズ) For many years, Franklin published a book called "Poor Richard's Almanac." He included many proverbs that he had heard or created. Some of them are still used today. Like this one: "Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise." Franklin is also remembered for other proverbs like, "A penny saved is a penny earned." This means that money should not be wasted. III - a. 雑知識
III-b. 英語のことわざ ◆Truth will out◆ No matter how much you try and hide the truth, no matter how much you lie and deceive, people will find out the truth in the end. "Will out" is short for "will come out into the open, "which means" will be revealed to all. III -c. 英語でどう言う? 洗濯する do the laundry 【例文】My wife does the laundry twice a week. 洗濯物を干す hang the laundry out to dry 【例文】It's our grandma's job at home to hang the laundry out to dry. シャツをクリーニングに出す take one's shirts to the laundry 【例文】Would you please take my shirts to the laundry? ズボンにアイロンをかける iron one's pants 【例文】My husband irons his pants by himself. III-d 今週のイディオム build castle in the air 非現実的な空想にふける (imagine plans or hopes that have very little chance of happening) 実現しそうにない計画や希望を、巨大な城(castle)を空中に建てることにたとえた表現。castle in the airは「空中楼閣」のことです。また、同じ意味で、in the airの代わりにin Spainを使った表現もあり、フランスの空想家たちが、遠くのスペインに空想の楼閣を描いていたことに由来します。 Instead of building castles in the air, why don't you set some realistic goals? (非現実的な空想にふける代わりに、現実的な目標を立てたらどうですか?) John's dreams of becoming an airline pilot are castle in the air. (飛行機のパイロットになるというジョンの夢は実現しそうにない) It's not a bad idea to build castles in Spain when one is young. (若いうちは、とんでもない空想にふけるのも悪くない) IV. Jokes a. A drunk guy slides up to a man who is looking under the bonnet of his car. "What's the matter, mate?" he asks. "Piston broke," says the driver. "Yeah?" replies the drunk, wandering off. "Me, too." b. Why should you never marry a tennis player? Love means nothing to them. c. Ninety-year-old Morris goes to his doctor for a check-up. A few weeks later, the doctor sees him in the street with a gorgeous, much younger woman on his arm. "You're really doing well, aren't you?" he tells the elderly gent. Morris replies, "Just doing what you said Doctor: 'Get a hot mama and be cheerful.' " "No," says the doctor. "I said, 'You've got a heart murmur - be careful.' " d. "What starting salary are you looking for?" the head of human resources asks the newly graduated engineer at the end of the job interview. Going for it, the guy says, "Well, sir, I was thinking about $125,000 a year, depending on the benefit package." "OK," the HR director says. "How about five weeks vacation, 14 paid holidays, full medical and dental benefits, a big office and a Porsche for your company car?" The engineer gasps and says, "Wow! Are you kidding?" "Yeah," he replied. "But you started it." e. A man walks into a psychiatrist's office. "Doc," he says, "every time I see ten cents, five cents, 20 cents and 50 cents, I have a panic attack. What's wrong with me?" "Oh, that's easy," said the doctor. "You're just afraid of change." f. A chicken and a cow break out of prison and make their way to the border. Hiding behind a bush, they peer out at the checkpoint on the other side of a road, the only thing that stands between them and freedom. The chicken looks at the cow and says sadly, "You go on, I'll have to turn back here." "But why?" the bewildered cow asks. The chicken's eyes move slowly from the armed guards at the checkpoint to the road in front of them. Then he says, "If I cross that road, it might raise a lot of questions." |