資料No. : NS090121
I-1 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題 (1) TOEIC 1. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Come on, we've finished now. Let's call it a _______. (A) day (B) spade (C) completion (D) job 2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 To _______ matters worse, we can't do anything till next week. (A) produce (B) make (C) do (D) infuriate 3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 It was difficult at first but now I've got the _______ of it. (A) art (B) technique (C) way (D) hang 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 We'll have to get rid of him sooner or _______. (A) later (B) better (C) after (D) not 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 I know him by _______ but I've never spoken to him. (A) seeing (B) mistake (C) sight (D) chance 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 With this recession our sales are going from bad to _______. (A) bad (B) worse (C) terrible (D) the worst 7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 It's difficult not to reply _______ to that kind of an intrusive question. (A) rudely (B) kindly (C) desperately (D) politely 8. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The whole world is subject --- the laws of nature. (A) in (B) on (C) of (D) to 9. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 That morning there was heavy --- on the street because of the snowfall on the previous night. (A) passing (B) traffic (C) rides (D) driving 10. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Correspondents are supposed to send back --- reports on international events as quickly as possible. (A) detailed (B) details (C) detailing (D) detail 11. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 Have you (A)ever (B)appeared on a (C)living television (D)program? 12. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 I (A)proposed to Kathy (B)under the stars (C)on a (D)moonlight summer night. 13. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 The (A)advertisement (B)on the newspaper (C)drew (D)a lot of new customers to our store. (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 It is universally accepted that the airspace over a country is part of its territory, ----- orbital flight space above the atmosphere. (A) of the same, is not true (B) but the same is not true of (C) but the same is true, not of (D) not but the same is true of 2. 空所補充問題 ----- concrete combines the compressive strength of concrete with the tensile strength of steel to form an extremely resilient structural material. (A) To reinforce (B) Reinforce (C) Reinforces (D) Reinforced 3. 空所補充問題 In the U.S., the anticommunist sentiment of the Cold War ----- peak during the McCarthy era of the 1950s. (A) reaching it (B) had it reached (C) reached its (D) to reach it 4. 空所補充問題 The writings of the 17th century scholar and preacher Robert Fuller blend ----- observations with amusing puns and other conceits. (A) weightily, moralistic and profound (B) weighty, morally and profoundly (C) weight, moral and profound (D) weighty, moralistic and profound 5. 空所補充問題 The tradition of "manifest destiny" was the embodiment ----- the American expansionists' desire in the 1840s to extend U.S. territory westward to the Pacific. (A) on (B) for (C) to (D) of 6. 正誤問題 A paravane (A)can described as an underwater kite (B)that can be towed (C)by (D)a boat and maintained at a preset depth. 7. 正誤問題 (A)In the early days of photography, photographers (B)had not only to make their own equipment, (C)and perform all their chemical processing (D)themselves. 8. 正誤問題 The (A)oldest (B)knowing record of the practice of snow skiing is (C)a Norwegian rock carving (D)dating from 2000 B.C. 9. 正誤問題 (A)Crudely versions of underwater breathing apparatus for divers (B)were first developed in the (C)1870s, but practical scuba gear did not appear (D)until the 1940s. 10. 正誤問題 Saudi Arabia is a kingdom (A)that occupying most of (B)the Arabian Peninsula, and bordered (C)on the north and south by Arab neighbors (D)including Iraq and Kuwait. I-2 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題解答 (1) TOEIC 1. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Come on, we've finished now. Let's call it a _______. (A) day (B) spade (C) completion (D) job 訳:さあ、やっと終わったぞ。今日はこれで切り上げよう。 ※正解(A)。call it a day は口語で「(その日の仕事などを)終わりにする、切り上げる」という意味です。(B) spade は農具の「すき」という意味で、call a spade a spade「そのものをずばりと言う」というイディオムがあります。(C) は complete「〜を完成する」の名詞形です。 2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 To _______ matters worse, we can't do anything till next week. (A) produce (B) make (C) do (D) infuriate 訳:なお悪いことに、来週まで私たちには何もできないのです。 ※正解(B)。to make matters worse で「さらに悪いことには」という意味のイディオムです。to make things worse とも言います。(D) infuriate は「(人)を激怒させる」という意味の他動詞です。 3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 It was difficult at first but now I've got the _______ of it. (A) art (B) technique (C) way (D) hang 訳:最初は難しかったのですが、今ではこつをのみ込みました。 ※正解(D)。get the hang of 〜 で「〜のこつをのみ込む;〜を理解する」という意味になります。ここでの hang は「扱い方、こつ」という意味です。 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 We'll have to get rid of him sooner or _______. (A) later (B) better (C) after (D) not 訳:遅かれ早かれ、彼と手を切らなければならなくなるだろう。 ※正解(A)。sooner or later で「遅かれ早かれ」という意味です。ただし、日本語の言い回しとは英語の語順は逆ですから、注意して覚えることが大切です。 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 I know him by _______ but I've never spoken to him. (A) seeing (B) mistake (C) sight (D) chance 訳:彼のことは見知ってはいるけど、口をきいたことはない。 ※正解(C)。know 〜 by sight で「〜を見知っている(だけである)」というイディオムです。by mistake は「誤って」、by chance は「偶然に」という意味です。 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 With this recession our sales are going from bad to _______. (A) bad (B) worse (C) terrible (D) the worst 訳:この景気後退で、うちの売り上げもますます悪くなってきている。 ※正解(B)。go from bad to worse で「ますます悪くなる」という意味のイディオムです。recession は「(一時的な)景気後退」、それに対して「(長期の)不況」を depression と言います。 7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 It's difficult not to reply _______ to that kind of an intrusive question. (A) rudely (B) kindly (C) desperately (D) politely 訳:あんなぶしつけな質問に、礼儀にはずれないように答えるのは難しい。 ※正解(A)。intrusive 「でしゃばった」質問と言っているので、(B)「やさしく」や (D)「礼儀正しく」、また (C) の「必死に」では文脈上当てはまりません。(A) の rudely なら、「不作法に答えないでいるのは難しい」となり、意味が通ります。 8. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The whole world is subject --- the laws of nature. (A) in (B) on (C) of (D) to 訳:世界全体が、自然の摂理に支配されている。 ※正解(D)。(D) be subject to ...「〜に支配を受ける、〜に従属する」 9. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 That morning there was heavy --- on the street because of the snowfall on the previous night. (A) passing (B) traffic (C) rides (D) driving 訳:前夜に降った雪のため、その日の朝は交通渋滞があった。 ※正解(B)。(b) traffic「(車・人などの)往来、交通量」 10. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Correspondents are supposed to send back --- reports on international events as quickly as possible. (A) detailed (B) details (C) detailing (D) detail 訳:特派員は国際的な事件に関し、できるだけ詳しい報告書を送り返すことになっている。 ※正解(A)。correspondent「(新聞・放送などの)通信員、特派員」be supposed to「(〜する)ことになっている」reportsの前には形容詞が入る。(A) detailed「詳細な」(B) detail<複数形で>「詳細な記述」(C) detail「詳述する」(D) detail「細かい点、細部」 11. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 Have you (A)ever (B)appeared on a (C)living television (D)program? 訳:これまでテレビの生放送に出演したことありますか。 ※正解(C)。living television → live television。(B) appear [+on, +in]「(俳優などが〜に)出演(出場)する」(C) living「生きている、活発な」live「生きている、活気のある、(放送・演奏など)録音でない、生の 12. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 I (A)proposed to Kathy (B)under the stars (C)on a (D)moonlight summer night. 訳:キャシーにプロポーズしたのは、月明かりの夏の夜、星空の下でだった。 ※正解(D)。moonlight → moonlit。(A) propose [+to+ (代)名]「(男が女に)結婚を申し込む」(D) moonlight「月光」moonlit「月光に照らされた、月明かりの」 13. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 The (A)advertisement (B)on the newspaper (C)drew (D)a lot of new customers to our store. 訳:新聞に載せた広告のお陰で、新しいお客がたくさんわたしたちの店に来てくれた。 ※正解(B)。on → in。(A) advertisement「広告(すること)」「(具体的な個々の)広告」(B)「新聞紙上の」というにはonではなくinを用いる。 (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 It is universally accepted that the airspace over a country is part of its territory, ----- orbital flight space above the atmosphere. (A) of the same, is not true (B) but the same is not true of (C) but the same is true, not of (D) not but the same is true of ※正解(B)。【解説】 (A)の語順がおかしいのはすぐに分かるだろう。(C)、(D)共にnotの位置に問題がある。正解は(B)である。be true of ... 「... にあてはまる」。 2. 空所補充問題 ----- concrete combines the compressive strength of concrete with the tensile strength of steel to form an extremely resilient structural material. (A) To reinforce (B) Reinforce (C) Reinforces (D) Reinforced ※正解(D)。【解説】 この文の動詞はcombinesである。したがって、動詞Reinforce、Reinforcesは使えない。Reinforced concreteで「鉄筋コンクリート」の意味になる。正解は(D)である。 3. 空所補充問題 In the U.S., the anticommunist sentiment of the Cold War ----- peak during the McCarthy era of the 1950s. (A) reaching it (B) had it reached (C) reached its (D) to reach it ※正解(C)。【解説】 空所に入る語句と名詞peakで「ピークに達した」の意味になる。この意味を表すのは(C) reached itsである。 4. 空所補充問題 The writings of the 17th century scholar and preacher Robert Fuller blend ----- observations with amusing puns and other conceits. (A) weightily, moralistic and profound (B) weighty, morally and profoundly (C) weight, moral and profound (D) weighty, moralistic and profound ※正解(D)。【解説】 空所にはその後に来る名詞observationsを修飾する語句が入ることになる。(A) (B) (C)の選択肢には、形容詞、副詞、名詞が混在している。正解は形容詞が3つ並んでいる(D)である。 5. 空所補充問題 The tradition of "manifest destiny" was the embodiment ----- the American expansionists' desire in the 1840s to extend U.S. territory westward to the Pacific. (A) on (B) for (C) to (D) of ※正解(D)。【解説】 難しく考えることはない。the embodiment of ... で「... の具体化、実現」の意味になる。 6. 正誤問題 A paravane (A)can described as an underwater kite (B)that can be towed (C)by (D)a boat and maintained at a preset depth. ※正解(A)。【解説】 can → can be。canの後にdescribedが来ているのはどうみてもおかしい。ここはcan be described as ... と受け身にしなけらばならない。関係代名詞that、前置詞by、冠詞aの用法に誤りはない。 7. 正誤問題 (A)In the early days of photography, photographers (B)had not only to make their own equipment, (C)and perform all their chemical processing (D)themselves. ※正解(C)。【解説】 and → but。時を表す前置詞in、過去形hadに問題はない。not onlyがあるのでその後にはbut (also)が来るはずだが、andとなっている。andをbut (alsoは省略可)にしなくては意味が通らない。themselvesとはphotographersのことである。 8. 正誤問題 The (A)oldest (B)knowing record of the practice of snow skiing is (C)a Norwegian rock carving (D)dating from 2000 B.C. ※正解(B)。【解説】 knowing → known。最上級のoldestに問題はない。「知られている」の意味にするなら、knowingはing形ではなく過去分詞knownにしなくてはいけない。冠詞a、分詞dating (that datesと同じ働き)の用法に誤りはない。 9. 正誤問題 (A)Crudely versions of underwater breathing apparatus for divers (B)were first developed in the (C)1870s, but practical scuba gear did not appear (D)until the 1940s. ※正解(A)。【解説】 Crudely → Crude。名詞versionsの前では、副詞Crudelyではなく、形容詞Crudeを使う。wereはversionsに呼応している。in the 1870sで「1870年代に」の意味になる。前置詞untilの用法に問題はない。 10. 正誤問題 Saudi Arabia is a kingdom (A)that occupying most of (B)the Arabian Peninsula, and bordered (C)on the north and south by Arab neighbors (D)including Iraq and Kuwait. ※正解(A)。【解説】 that → thatをカットする。thatは関係代名詞だが、その直後に分詞occupyingが来ているので、ここでthatを使う必要はない。the Arabian Peninsulaとは「アラビア半島」のことである。border onで「接する」の意味。including「... を含む」は前置詞である。 II.時事英文 Proverbs (その1:全5回シリーズ) Today we talk about proverbs. A proverb is a short, well known saying that expresses a common truth or belief. Proverbs are found in most cultures and are often very old. In American history, Benjamin Franklin was famous for his proverbs. Franklin lived in the seventeen hundreds. He was a leader of the American Revolution against English rule. He was also a scientist, inventor and writer. III - a. 雑知識
III-b. 英語のことわざ ◆Too many cooks spoil the broth◆ According to this proverb, if too many people work on a project, the results won't be very good. The results will be worse than if the same project had been done by less people. "Spoil" here means "ruin," and "broth" is a type of soup. III -c. 英語でどう言う? 目薬をさす put eye drops in one's eyes 【例文】I put eye drops in my eyes several times a day while doing computer work. 湿布をする put a compress 【例文】The nurse put a compress on my bruised right leg. 傷口を消毒する disinfect the wound 【例文】The doctor disinfected my scraped knee by applying an antiseptic. ばんそうこうをはる apply a plaster 【例文】When I cut my finger on the broken glass, my mother immediately applied a plaster on the wound. III-d 今週のイディオム come along for the ride 形だけ仲間に加わる、傍観者として参加する (join in an activity without playing an important part in it) rideは車などの乗り物に「乗ること」。他人の車に乗せてもらうように、正式な仲間同士の集まりに部外者として参加する場合に用いられる慣用表現です。「積極的ではなく、面白半分で」といったニュアンスが伴います。動詞はcomeのほか、goが使われることもあります。 No, I'm not a club member yet. I just came along for the ride. (いいえ、私はまだ会員ではありません。見学者としてついて来ただけです) My husband is speaking at the dinner, and I'm just going along for the ride. (私の主人は夕食会でスピーチをするのですが、私は単なる付き添いとして行くだけです) We're having my mother's birthday party next week. Why don't you come along for the ride? (来週、我が家で母の誕生日パーティーを開くので、いらっしゃいませんか?) IV. Jokes a. A British newspaper, The Independent on Sunday, ran the following news flash: "Welsh tortoise recaptured 2.9km from home after eight months on the run." b. When I put on my new chef uniform - a pair of very baggy, loud-striped pants - I was mildly horrified. But my wife was philosophical. "It's OK, honey," she said in a soothing way. "You're just a victim of circus pants." c. Lunching at a Chinese restaurant, my friend noticed that his table had been set with forks but not chopsticks. "Chopsticks are provided on request," the waiter told him. My friend had an idea. "If you handed them out, you wouldn't have to pay someone to wash the forks," he said. "True," came the reply. "But then we'd have to hire three more people to clean up the mess." d. My laptop was driving the crazy. The A, E and I keys always stick," I complained to a friend. She diagnosed the problem. "Your computer is suffering from irritable vowel syndrome." e. A woman rubbed a lamp and out popped a genie. "Do I get a wish?" "Yup, what will it be?" "See this map? I want these countries here to stop fighting." "They've been at war for thousands of years. I'm not that good," he said. "What else?" "Well, I'd love a good man. One who's considerate, love kids, likes to cook and does't watch sports all day." "OK," sighs the genie. "Let me see that map again." |