資料No. : NS090114
I-1 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題 (1) TOEIC 1. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Don't take it personally. He doesn't mean to hurt your _______. (A) emotions (B) happiness (C) feelings (D) equilibrium 2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 If he's found guilty the judge will pass _______. (A) guilt (B) sentence (C) innocence (D) the case 3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 We'd better hurry if we want to _______ the last train. (A) met (B) be on time (C) take (D) return 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 I'm _______ the details in their annual report. (A) making (B) checking (C) assuming (D) searching 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 He seemed really nervous before he _______ his report. (A) prevaricated (B) was advised (C) presented (D) spoke 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 With the uncertainty in the market, I advise you to invest _______. (A) cautiously (B) confidently (C) disastrously (D) certainly 7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 A clone refers to one or more offspring derived from a single ancestor, _______ genetic composition is identical to that of the ancestor. (A) such as (B) even if (C) because (D) whose 8. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The manager insists that I --- responsibility. (A) take (B) has taken (C) taking (D) took 9. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Musical --- often shows itself early in life. (A) institute (B) ability (C) image (D) rank 10. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 There is growing --- that the missing airplane may have crashed. (A) concerning (B) concern (C) concerned (D) conceit 11. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 It is (A)danger (B)to accept anything (C)offered to you (D)by a stranger. 12. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 My house (A)lays near (B)both (C)a river and a park, but not between (D)them. 13. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 Jeremy (A)was doing a puzzle (B)quiet by (C)himself when the phone rang and (D)startled him. (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 It is necessary that all members of a trial jury ----- contact with news accounts of an ongoing trial in order to remain objective. (A) avoid (B) to avoid (C) avoiding (D) avoided 2. 空所補充問題 Modern Greece and Norway are examples of nations that have large merchant marines, ----- naval forces. (A) not but major (B) but not major (C) not major, but (D) but major, not 3. 空所補充問題 As ----- the Arctic region could not be readily exploited for profit, the motivations of early explorers became less economic more patriotic. (A) that they realized (B) they realized that (C) realizing that they (D) to realize that they 4. 空所補充問題 ----- vertebrates, the skin is a complex organ whose function is vital to the maintenance of life. (A) With (B) In (C) Of (D) At 5. 空所補充問題 In spite of ----- that the species is a crucial taxonomic unit in botany, zoology and mineralogy, its precise definition remains difficult to pin down. (A) the fact (B) the facts (C) fact (D) a fact 6. 正誤問題 (A)Not Karl Marx nor Friederich Engels proposed legal (B)frameworks for states (C)designed to achieve the aims of (D)their Communist Manifesto. 7. 正誤問題 The cross-section of a breaking wave shows (A)that its instability comes from the fact (B)that it is taller (C)as its base is broad, (D)whereas a non-breaking swell more closely resembles a sine wave. 8. 正誤問題 The study of ballistics (A)are complicated (B)by the interaction of high-speed (C)aerodynamics, atmospheric conditions and (D)the physical characteristics of the projectile. 9. 正誤問題 The territory of South West Africa was established (A)as a German protectorate (B)in 1890, and was (C)successful invaded (D)by the Union of South Africa 25 years later. 10. 正誤問題 (A)The Montezuma Castle National Monument in the U.S. state of Arizona is a (B)5-stories, 20-rooms complex of ancient (C)dwellings carved into the face of (D)a cliff. I-2 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題解答 (1) TOEIC 1. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Don't take it personally. He doesn't mean to hurt your _______. (A) emotions (B) happiness (C) feelings (D) equilibrium 訳:あなたへのあてつけだと思わないでください。彼はあなたの気持ちを傷つけるつもりはないんです。 ※正解(C)。hurt 〜's feelings で「(〜の)感情を害する」という意味のイディオムです。emotion は「(喜怒哀楽などの強い)感情」のことを言います。(D) の equilibrium は「(心の)平静」という意味です。 2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 If he's found guilty the judge will pass _______. (A) guilt (B) sentence (C) innocence (D) the case 訳:彼がもし有罪だということがわかれば、判事は刑を宣告するだろう。 ※正解(B)。pass sentence(on +人)で「(人に)刑を宣告する」という決まった言い回しです。「有罪[無罪]を宣告する」というときは、という言い方をします。 3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 We'd better hurry if we want to _______ the last train. (A) met (B) be on time (C) take (D) return 訳:最終電車に乗るなら、急いだほうがいい。 ※正解(C)。(B) の on time は「時間どおりに」という意味。in time「間に合って」なら後に for を伴い、「(電車)に間に合う」という意味になります。「電車に乗る」は take a train と言います。 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 I'm _______ the details in their annual report. (A) making (B) checking (C) assuming (D) searching 訳:彼らの年次報告書の詳細を調べているところです。 ※正解(B)。check も search も、日本語では「調べる」という訳が当てはめられますが、search は「(場所や人の体など)を捜す;(書類など)を調べる」という意味で、捜し求めるものは直接目的語にはなりません。assume は「〜が…であると仮定する」という意味です。 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 He seemed really nervous before he _______ his report. (A) prevaricated (B) was advised (C) presented (D) spoke 訳:彼は自分の報告書を発表する前はとても緊張しているように見えた。 ※正解(C)。(A) は少し難しい単語ですが、「言い逃れをする」という意味の自動詞です。(B) は on や about などの前置詞が必要です。(D) の speak はある言語や言葉を話すときにしか使いません。 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 With the uncertainty in the market, I advise you to invest _______. (A) cautiously (B) confidently (C) disastrously (D) certainly 訳:市場が不安定なので、投機は慎重にしたほうがいいですよ。 ※正解(A)。「市場が不安定だ」と言っているのですから、気をつけるように勧める表現がくると考えられます。(B)「大胆に」、(C)「悲惨に」、(D)「確かに」では文意が通りません。 7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 A clone refers to one or more offspring derived from a single ancestor, _______ genetic composition is identical to that of the ancestor. (A) such as (B) even if (C) because (D) whose 訳:クローンとは1人の祖先から生じた1人かそれ以上の子孫を言い、その遺伝子構成はその祖先と同一である。 ※正解(D)。《解説》だれのgenetic composition「遺伝子構成」であるかを空所に入れる語によって明らかにする。内容的には当然「クローンの遺伝子構成」ということになり、A cloneを先行詞として、関係代名詞のwhoseを非制限用法で用いればよい。refer to「〜を指して言う」、offspring「子孫」、ancestor「祖先」 《選択肢》(A) such as「〜のような」、(B) even if「たとえ〜でも」 8. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The manager insists that I --- responsibility. (A) take (B) has taken (C) taking (D) took 訳:支配人は、わたしが責任をとるように主張している。 ※正解(A)。(A)「insist that + S (should) + V」動詞はshouldの有無にかかわらず、常に原形。「提案・要求・必要・主張・命令」などを表す動詞の後ろのthat節の中では、主語の人称・数や時制に関係なく、常に動詞の原型が用いられる。 9. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Musical --- often shows itself early in life. (A) institute (B) ability (C) image (D) rank 訳:音楽の才能は、年少のうちにあらわれる。 ※正解(B)。(A) institute「協会、研究所」(B) ability「能力、才能」musical ability「音楽の才能」(D) rank「地位、階層、等級」 10. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 There is growing --- that the missing airplane may have crashed. (A) concerning (B) concern (C) concerned (D) conceit 訳:行方不明の飛行機は墜落したのではないかという懸念が募る。 ※正解(B)。(A) concerning「〜に関しては」(B) concern「心配、懸念」(C) concerned「関係して、心配して」(D) conceit「うぬぼれ、慢心」 11. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 It is (A)danger (B)to accept anything (C)offered to you (D)by a stranger. 訳:見知らぬ人からの申し出をなんでも受け取るのは、危険である。 ※正解(A)。danger → dangerous。(A) danger「危険(状態)」「危険の原因となるもの」dangerous「危険な、危ない」 12. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 My house (A)lays near (B)both (C)a river and a park, but not between (D)them. 訳:わたしの家は川と公園のそばにあるが、間に挟まって立っているわけではない。 ※正解(A)。lays → lies。(A) lay「(〜を)横たえる、置く」lie「横たわる、(〜に)位置する、ある」 13. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 Jeremy (A)was doing a puzzle (B)quiet by (C)himself when the phone rang and (D)startled him. 訳:電話の音がしてジェラミーは驚いた。そのとき、彼はひとり静かにパズルをしていたのであった。 ※正解(B)。quiet → quietly。(B) quiet「静かな」quietly静に」(C) by oneself「ひとりだけで」(D) startle「(人を)びっくりさせる、跳び上がらせる」 (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 It is necessary that all members of a trial jury ----- contact with news accounts of an ongoing trial in order to remain objective. (A) avoid (B) to avoid (C) avoiding (D) avoided ※正解(A)。【解説】 空所の後のcontactは「接触」の意味を表す名詞である。したがって、空所にはこの文の動詞が入ることになる。正解はavoid(現在形)である。 2. 空所補充問題 Modern Greece and Norway are examples of nations that have large merchant marines, ----- naval forces. (A) not but major (B) but not major (C) not major, but (D) but major, not ※正解(B)。【解説】 not butとbut major, notの語順がおかしいのはすぐに分かるだろう。not major, butを空所に入れても意味が通らない。but not major naval forcesにすれば「大きな商船は保有しているが、大規模な海軍は保有していない」の意味になる。 3. 空所補充問題 As ----- the Arctic region could not be readily exploited for profit, the motivations of early explorers became less economic more patriotic. (A) that they realized (B) they realized that (C) realizing that they (D) to realize that they ※正解(B)。【解説】 接続詞Asの後には、主語と動詞が続くと考えるのが自然である。この形になっているのはthey realized thatであるが、これを空所に入れると「彼等は ... だと分かったので」の意味になる。 4. 空所補充問題 ----- vertebrates, the skin is a complex organ whose function is vital to the maintenance of life. (A) With (B) In (C) Of (D) At ※正解(B)。【解説】 前置詞Inを空所に入れると、「脊椎動物では」の意味になる。 5. 空所補充問題 In spite of ----- that the species is a crucial taxonomic unit in botany, zoology and mineralogy, its precise definition remains difficult to pin down. (A) the fact (B) the facts (C) fact (D) a fact ※正解(A)。【解説】 空所に入るfactはthat以下の内容により限定されている。したがって、冠詞theが必要になる。また、一つの事実だけが挙げられているので、ここではthe factを使う。 6. 正誤問題 (A)Not Karl Marx nor Friederich Engels proposed legal (B)frameworks for states (C)designed to achieve the aims of (D)their Communist Manifesto. ※正解(A)。【解説】 Not → Neither。Karl Marxの後にnorがあることから、文頭のNotはNeitherにしなくてはならない。複数形frameworksとtheirの用法に問題はない。designedの前にはthat wereが略されている。 7. 正誤問題 The cross-section of a breaking wave shows (A)that its instability comes from the fact (B)that it is taller (C)as its base is broad, (D)whereas a non-breaking swell more closely resembles a sine wave. ※正解(C)。【解説】 as → than。接続詞thatとwhereasの用法に誤りはない。比較級tallerの後に来るのはasではなくthanである。 8. 正誤問題 The study of ballistics (A)are complicated (B)by the interaction of high-speed (C)aerodynamics, atmospheric conditions and (D)the physical characteristics of the projectile. ※正解(A)。【解説】 are → is。主語とbe動詞の呼応の問題である。be動詞areはこの文の主語であるThe studyを受けている。したがって、areはisにしなけらばならない。 9. 正誤問題 The territory of South West Africa was established (A)as a German protectorate (B)in 1890, and was (C)successful invaded (D)by the Union of South Africa 25 years later. ※正解(C)。【解説】 successful → successfully。asは「として」の意味。前置詞inとby(受け身)の用法に問題はない。過去分詞invadedを修飾するには形容詞successfulではなく、副詞successfullyを用いる。 10. 正誤問題 (A)The Montezuma Castle National Monument in the U.S. state of Arizona is a (B)5-stories, 20-rooms complex of ancient (C)dwellings carved into the face of (D)a cliff. ※正解(B)。【解説】 5-stories, 20-rooms → 5-story, 20-room。頻繁に出題される問題である。5-stories, 20-roomsは形容詞として用いられているので、このような場合には、複数形のsは必要ない。 II.時事英文 The worst economic crisis (その6:全6回シリーズ) In the current crisis, the government has been willing to spend freely; too freely for some critics. On Tuesday the Federal Reserve and the Treasury announced a new plan to provide eight hundred billion dollars to increase credit availability. Before the Thanksgiving holiday on Thursday, the Dow and the S&P rose four days in a row for the first time in months. III - a. 雑知識
III-b. 英語のことわざ ◆Touch pitch and be defiled◆ "Pitch" is a black substance, like the stuff that roads are made from. If you touch it, it will stick to you. It will turn your hands black as well. Black is often associated with evil, and the proverb means that if you meet bad people and if you keep contact with bad people, you will become a bad person too. III -c. 英語でどう言う? ノートを取る take notes 【例文】Alice took careful notes on the chemistry lecture. (ページを)めくるturn 【例文】The teacher turned the pages of the textbook ehile talking. 辞書を引く use a dictionary 【例文】Use your dictionary when you come across a new word. (消しゴムで)消す erase 【例文】I erased the pencil marks with an eraser. III-d 今週のイディオム face up to (難局などに)大胆に立ち向かう (accept an unpleasant fact or reality) 上下関係が明確な組織の中で、部下が上司に対して大胆かつ正直に自分の犯した失敗を打ち明ける様子から生まれた表現。責任や問題を直視する、認めるという文脈で用いられます。 We should face up to the problem more seriously. (我々はその問題にもっと真剣に立ち向かうべきだ) He insists that the motor industry has been failing to face up to climate change. (彼は自動車業界が気候変動問題に真剣に取り組もうとしてこなかったと主張している) The baseball player refuses to face up to the fact that his power has been on the decline as he gets older. (その野球選手は、年齢と共に力が衰えているという事実を認めようとしない) IV. Jokes a. I got so excited when my husband interested in my meditation sessions. "You don't have to close your eyes," I explained. "You can keep them open and focus on something like a candle or a spot in front of you." He nodded thoughtfully. "Could it be a TV?" b. Her class assignment was to interview an "old person" about his life, so my niece asked me. "What was the biggest historical event that happened during your childhood?" "I'd have to say the moonwalk," I replied. She looked disappointed. "That dance was so important to you?" c. Recently, my girlfriend, Karen, got a job at a local hardware store. "The owners don't want us hanging out with our friends," she said. "If you stop by, tell them you're my brother." On my first visit, I walked to the customer service desk and asked the older woman standing there, "Is Karen around?" When she looked at me quizzically, I added, "I'm her brother." She smiled at me. "What a nice surprise. I'm Karen's mother." d. A neighbor phoned to ask if I was driving into town and if so, could I drop him off. "No," I answered. "I've got women problems." "I understand," he replied. "Still can't park between two cars?" e. Moving back to my hometown after ten years, I was surprised at how much the city has grown. I asked my real estate agent about the commute. She said, "On Mondays, rush hour starts at 5. On Tuesdays and Wednesdays, it starts around 4.30. On Thursdays, it starts around 4." "When does it begin on Fridays?" I asked. "On Thursday." |