資料No. : NS081224
I-1 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題 (1) TOEIC 1. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 It's a shame that we have to commute two hours _______ way in rush-hour traffic jams. (A) any (B) some (C) no (D) each 2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Tobacco smoke contains about 4,000 _______, including 200 known poisons. (A) chemicals (B) nutrition (C) obstacles (D) neutrons 3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Temperatures have ranged from 43 to 50 across India over the past month, _______ the hottest summer in 50 years. (A) in making (B) made of (C) they made (D) making it 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Thirteen European countries have signed the first _______ international ban on human cloning as controversy over such experiments heats up. (A) bound (B) binding (C) bind (D) binder 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 A little thing to _______ about is that not many housewives are using the Internet. (A) be concerned (B) do concerning (C) do concerned (D) concernment 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The pressures that now drive recycling come _______ from companies, but from governments and voters. (A) straight (B) all (C) not (D) anywhere 7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 They set such a high quota that _______ of the workers could meet the standards. (A) most (B) a lot (C) all (D) none 8. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The performance of my division that year was mediocre, and as vice president I was ----- of it. (A) proud (B) forgetful (C) neglectful (D) ashamed 9. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Only ----- with over ten years experience will be considered for the position. (A) someone (B) anyone (C) everybody (D) anybody 10. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 It's ----- the government will change its policy on banking reform. (A) possibility (B) probable (C) likelihood (D) certainly 11. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 The finance A)department's proposal for across-the-board B)pay cuts C)have created a great deal of D)controversy. 12. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 The deadline A)for budget requests B)will be one month C)later from D)now. 13. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 The (A)parcel must be (B)delivered (C)to her as soon as (D)possibly. (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 ----- is considered a robotic device because it repositions itself after each cycle of motion. (A) Internal combustion engines (B) The internal combustion engine (C) Internal combustion engine (D) Those internal combustion engines 2. 空所補充問題 A large proportion of English words find their origins ----- the predecessors of modern Germanic and Latinate languages. (A) in (B) at (C) for (D) with 3. 空所補充問題 Earthquakes of equal magnitudes ----- widely differing effects at their epicenters, depending on how deeply below the surface they are centered. (A) can produce (B) producing (C) to produce (D) are produced 4. 空所補充問題 Trees such as mahogany ----- in isolation because the growth of their dense structure requires massive amounts of available nutrients from the surrounding area. (A) tend growing (B) tend to grow (C) tend grow (D) tends to be grown 5. 空所補充問題 The insulating property of a vacuum is derived from the fact that heat transfer requires the presence of molecules ----- energy. (A) capable conducting (B) capable to conduct (C) capable are conducted (D) capable of conducting 6. 正誤問題 Many skyscrapers are now (A)fitted with large sliding (B)weights on their roofs, which can be automatically shifted (C)during earthquakes to minimize the (D)moving of the building. 7. 正誤問題 Televisions and computer displays generate color (A)at the manipulation of the (B)ratios of intensity of (C)evenly distributed pixels of white, blue, red and yellow (D)light. 8. 正誤問題 It has often been (A)noted that (B)contacting sports are a (C)symbolic form of (D)warfare. 9. 正誤問題 Bats (A)that have relatively poor (B)eyesight, but extremely well-developed hearing, and (C)an ability to sense objects and (D)their own orientation through a type of natural sonar. 10. 正誤問題 (A)Some the planets in our solar system, (B)such as Pluto, are believed (C)to have been captured in the Sun's gravitational field (D)while passing by billions of years ago. I-2 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題解答 (1) TOEIC 1. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 It's a shame that we have to commute two hours _______ way in rush-hour traffic jams. (A) any (B) some (C) no (D) each 訳:ラッシュアワーの交通渋滞の中を片道2時間かけて通勤しなければならないとはひどいことだ。 ※正解(D)。《解説》any, some, noのいずれも後ろに単数名詞、複数名詞の両方をとることが可能であるが、eachは単数名詞しかとることができない。ここではtwo hours each wayで「片道2時間」の意味。commuteは「通勤する」、traffic jamsは「交通渋滞」。 2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Tobacco smoke contains about 4,000 _______, including 200 known poisons. (A) chemicals (B) nutrition (C) obstacles (D) neutrons 訳:タバコの煙は約4000ほどの化学物質を含んでいるが、そのうち200は毒性物質として知られている。 ※正解(A)。《解説》containもincludeも「〜を含む」の意味。ただし、containは あるものを内容の全体として含む場合に、includeはある物を内容の一部として含む場合に用いられる。ここではタバコがその中に4000もの何を入れているかを考えるが、答えは複数名詞になる。 《選択肢》(A) chemicals「化学物質」、(B) nutrition「栄養(物)」、(C) obstacles「障害(物)」、(D) neutrons「中性子」 3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Temperatures have ranged from 43 to 50 across India over the past month, _______ the hottest summer in 50 years. (A) in making (B) made of (C) they made (D) making it 訳:インド中でこの1か月の間、気温が43度から50度にもなり、50年ぶりの暑さとなった。 ※正解(D)。《解説》コンマの後の語句とその前の文とを何らかの形で接続しなければならない。選択肢には接続詞はないから、どうやら (D) を選んで分詞構文でつなぐことになる。making it the hottest summerは「一番暑い夏にして」の意味。itは漠然と天気状況を指している。 《選択肢》(A) in making 〜「〜を作る際に」、(B) made of 〜「〜からできて(いる)」 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Thirteen European countries have signed the first _______ international ban on human cloning as controversy over such experiments heats up. (A) bound (B) binding (C) bind (D) binder 訳:ヨーロッパでは13か国が、そのような実験をめぐる議論が高まる中で、人間のクローンを禁止する最初の拘束力をもつ国際的な条約に署名した。 ※正解(B)。《解説》選択肢を見ると、いずれもbind「〜を縛る、拘束する」の活用形、ないし派生語である。ここではinternational ban「国際的な禁止」という名詞句を修飾するのであるから形容詞形、ないしその機能をもつものを選べばよい。(A) のboundは過去分詞で「拘束された」の受け身の意味。(B) のbindingは現在分詞が形容詞化した語で、「拘束力のある」の意味。 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 A little thing to _______ about is that not many housewives are using the Internet. (A) be concerned (B) do concerning (C) do concerned (D) concernment 訳:インターネットを利用している主婦は多くないということは少し懸念しておかなければならない。 ※正解(A)。《解説》concernはbe concerned about 〜で「〜を心配する、懸念する」の意味になる(= be anxious about)。ここではto不定詞の形容詞的用法でA little thing「ささやかなこと」を後ろから修飾している。 《選択肢》concernment「心配、関係、重要性」 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The pressures that now drive recycling come _______ from companies, but from governments and voters. (A) straight (B) all (C) not (D) anywhere 訳:今ではリサイクルを促す圧力は、企業からではなく、行政や投票者から来る。 ※正解(C)。《解説》文の内容はリサイクル運動に駆り立てる圧力はどこから来るかということ。ポイントは接続詞のbutで、from companiesとfrom governments and votersとがbutを用いた相関表現の中で対比的に述べられている。結論は (C) を選んで、not 〜 but ...「〜ではなくて…」の形にする。 《選択肢》straight「真っすぐに」、anywhere「どこかに」 7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 They set such a high quota that _______ of the workers could meet the standards. (A) most (B) a lot (C) all (D) none 訳:非常に高い割り当てを与えられて、労働者は1人もその基準を満たすことができなかった。 ※正解(D)。《解説》such 〜 that ...「とても〜なので、…」に注意して文の意味をしっかり押さえること。a high quotaは「高い割り当て」、meet the standardsは「基準を満たす」。「高い割り当てなので、だれも基準を満たせない」という意味にするのが自然。none of the workers 〜は「労働者の1人として〜しない」の全否定の表現。 8. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The performance of my division that year was mediocre, and as vice president I was ----- of it. (A) proud (B) forgetful (C) neglectful (D) ashamed 訳:あの年の私の部門の実績はあまり芳しくなかったので、私は副社長として恥ずかしく思っていた。 ※正解(D)。解説 前半で The performance of my division (私の部門の実績)に関して mediocre (並みだが期待はずれの、二流の)だったと述べているので、後半にも否定的な感情が来ることが予想できるだろう。 (A) の be proud of 〜(〜を誇りに思う)、 (B) の be forgetful of 〜(〜にむとんちゃくな)、 (C) の be neglectful of 〜(〜に怠慢な)ではいずれも意味が合わない。正解は (D) の be ashamed of 〜(〜を恥じて)。 9. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Only ----- with over ten years experience will be considered for the position. (A) someone (B) anyone (C) everybody (D) anybody 訳:このポジションに考慮されるのは、10年以上の経験を持つ人に限られます。 ※正解(A)。解説 (A)someone (だれか、ある人)、 (B)anyone (だれでも)、 (C)everybody (すべての人)、 (D)anybody (だれでも)のうち、 only 〜(ただ〜だけ)で限定して意味が通じるのは (A) のみ。 (B)anyone と (D)anybody は同じ意味であるが、 anybody の方が口語的。 10. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 It's ----- the government will change its policy on banking reform. (A) possibility (B) probable (C) likelihood (D) certainly 訳:政府はおそらく銀行改革の政策を変更するだろう。 ※正解(B)。解説 ここでの It は形式主語で It's 〜 that ... の that が省略されている。空所に入ることができるのは、形容詞の (B)probable ( [ 現実的に ] ありそうな、起こりそうな)のみである。 (A)possibility は「可能性、実現性」、 (C)likelihood は「公算、見込み」という意味の名詞、 (D)certainly は「確実に」という意味の副詞。 11. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 The finance A)department's proposal for across-the-board B)pay cuts C)have created a great deal of D)controversy. 訳:財務部の全面的減給の提案は多くの物議を醸している。 ※正解(C)。解説 主語( proposal )が三人称単数だから、 (C) の have は has にしなければならない。「〜の提案」は proposal for 〜という。 across-the-board は「全面的な、一律の」という意味の形容詞。 12. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 The deadline A)for budget requests B)will be one month C)later from D)now. 訳:予算請求の締め切りは今から1カ月後です。 ※正解(C)。解説 「今から〜後」は〜 from now なので、 (C) の later は必要ない。「〜の締め切り」は deadline for 〜という。 13. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 The (A)parcel must be (B)delivered (C)to her as soon as (D)possibly. 訳:この小包をできるだけ早く彼女の所に届けなければ…。 ※正解(D)。possibly → possible。(A) parcel「小包」(D) as ... as possible [= as ... as one can]「できるだけ〜」 (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 ----- is considered a robotic device because it repositions itself after each cycle of motion. (A) Internal combustion engines (B) The internal combustion engine (C) Internal combustion engine (D) Those internal combustion engines ※正解(B)。【解説】 空所の後にisが来ていることから複数形enginesを含む選択肢は除外でき る。Internal combustion engineには冠詞がないので、これも使えない。正解はThe internal combustion engineである。 2. 空所補充問題 A large proportion of English words find their origins ----- the predecessors of modern Germanic and Latinate languages. (A) in (B) at (C) for (D) with ※正解(A)。【解説】 難しく考える必要はない。find their origins in ... で「語源は ... の中に見いだせる」の意味になる。正解はinである。 3. 空所補充問題 Earthquakes of equal magnitudes ----- widely differing effects at their epicenters, depending on how deeply below the surface they are centered. (A) can produce (B) producing (C) to produce (D) are produced ※正解(A)。【解説】 空所にはこの文の動詞が入るのは明らか。したがって、producingとto produceは除外できる。widely differing effectsは動詞の目的語になるので、正解 はcan produceになる。 4. 空所補充問題 Trees such as mahogany ----- in isolation because the growth of their dense structure requires massive amounts of available nutrients from the surrounding area. (A) tend growing (B) tend to grow (C) tend grow (D) tends to be grown ※正解(B)。【解説】 tend to grow この文の主語はTreesである。したがって、tends to be grownは不可。 tendの後に不定詞toを続けて、tend to ... で「... する傾向がある」の意味にな る。 5. 空所補充問題 The insulating property of a vacuum is derived from the fact that heat transfer requires the presence of molecules ----- energy. (A) capable conducting (B) capable to conduct (C) capable are conducted (D) capable of conducting ※正解(D)。【解説】 capableの用法を知っていればすぐに答えが分かるはずである。capableの後にはto不定詞ではなく、前置詞ofが来る。正解はcapable of conductingである。 6. 正誤問題 Many skyscrapers are now (A)fitted with large sliding (B)weights on their roofs, which can be automatically shifted (C)during earthquakes to minimize the (D)moving of the building. ※正解(D)。【解説】 moving → movement。 be fitted with ... で「... が装備されている」の意味。weight「重り」 は可算名詞。前置詞duringの用法に誤りはない。冠詞theの後では動名詞movingではなく名詞movementを用いる。 7. 正誤問題 Televisions and computer displays generate color (A)at the manipulation of the (B)ratios of intensity of (C)evenly distributed pixels of white, blue, red and yellow (D)light. ※正解(A)。【解説】 at → through。 前後の流れからして、the manipulation「操作」の前には手段、方法を表す 前置詞が入るはずである。ここではatではなくthroughを使う。複数形ratios「割 合、比率」、副詞evenly、不可算名詞light「明かり」の使い方に誤りはない。 8. 正誤問題 It has often been (A)noted that (B)contacting sports are a (C)symbolic form of (D)warfare. ※正解(B)。【解説】 contacting sports → contact sports。 note「言及する」の過去分詞形に問題はない。「コンタクト(体をぶつけ合 う)スポーツ」はcontact sportsと言う。symbolicは形容詞で「象徴的な」の意味。 warfare「戦争、争い」は不可算名詞である。 9. 正誤問題 Bats (A)that have relatively poor (B)eyesight, but extremely well-developed hearing, and (C)an ability to sense objects and (D)their own orientation through a type of natural sonar. ※正解(A)。【解説】 that have → have。 この文の動詞はどれか。haveである。ということは、Batsの後の関係代名詞 thatは不要である。eyesight「視力」は不可算名詞。冠詞anの用法に問題はない。 theirはbatsを受けている。 10. 正誤問題 (A)Some the planets in our solar system, (B)such as Pluto, are believed (C)to have been captured in the Sun's gravitational field (D)while passing by billions of years ago. ※正解(A)。【解説】 Some → Some of。 文頭のSomeに注目。その後に冠詞theがあるので、前置詞ofを使って、Some of the planetsとしなければならない。such as ... 「... のようなもの」、不定詞 to、接続詞whileの用法に問題はない。 II.時事英文 The worst economic crisis (その4:全6回シリーズ) In nineteen thirty-three, Congress established the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. It currently guarantees bank deposits up to two hundred fifty thousand dollars. Just twenty-two banks have failed this year. But among them was Washington Mutual, the biggest bank collapse in American history. Possibly the best measure of an economic crisis is unemployment. The rate in October was reported at a fourteen-year high of six and one-half percent. Some think it could reach eight percent or higher. During the Depression, however, one of every four workers was unemployed. III - a. 雑知識
III-b. 英語のことわざ ◆Time flies◆ This means that time goes past very quickly. For example, time flies when you're having fun. If you are enjoying yourself time seems to pass very quickly. III -c. 英語でどう言う? (時計が)進む gain 【例文】My watch gains 10 seconds a month. 時計を時報に合わせる set one's watch by the time signal 【例文】I set my watch the three o'clock time signal. 目覚まし時計が鳴る an alarm clock goes off 【例文】My alarm clock went off at six o'clock. 掛け時計の電池を交換する change batteries in the clock 【例文】Can you change batteries in the clock? They seem to have run down. III-d 今週のイディオム (as) sick as a dog ひどく気分が悪い、吐き気がする (very sick; terribly ill) 与えられたエサやおやつをすべて食べてしまう犬の習性から生まれた慣用表現。暴飲暴食が原因で体調を崩し、気分が悪くなった場合に使います。 Ralf was as sick as a dog after eating that huge meal. (ラルフは大盛りの食事を平らげて気分が悪くなってしまった) If you don't stop snacking on that spicy junk food, you're going to be as sick as a dog before the day is over. (そのピリッと辛くてカロリーの高いジャンクフードばかり食べていると、そのうちに気分が悪くなっちゃうよ) I drunk far too much and was sick as a dog when I got home. (飲み過ぎて家に着いたときにはひどい吐き気がした) When Cathy came into the office this morning, she looked as sick as a dog. (今朝、キャシーが出社したとき、ひどく気分が悪そうだった) IV. Jokes a. What do you get when you eat a blackberry? Bluetooth. b. On the teacher's birthday, the children brought gifts. The florist's son brought a bouquet of flowers and the candy store owner's daughter gave the teacher a box of candy. The liquor store owner's son brought a big, heavy box. The teacher lifted it up and noticed that it was leaking. She touched a drop of the liquid and tasted it. "Is it wine?" she guessed. "No," the boy replied. "Champagne?" "No." "I give up," she said. "What is it?" "It's a puppy!" c. A young woman explains to the doctor that her body hurts wherever she touches it. To prove it, she pushes her chest with her finger and screams, then pushes her elbow and screams louder. Pushing her knee, her shoulder and thigh is just as bad. Everywhere she touches causes her great agony. "Hmm," says the doctor. "I think I know what this condition is." "Is it fatal?" asks the young woman nervously. "No. You've got a broken finger." d. When she got flowers from her husband on Valentine's Day, my daughter's friend quickly opened the card. All it read was, "No." What did that mean? She called her husband, who said, "I didn't attach any message. The florist asked if I had a message, and I said, 'No' ' e. Having been a driving instructor for over 15 years, I've seen students do some strange and embarrassing things. Recently, though, one young man outshone them all. As he brought the car to a stop after attempting a reverse-parking exercise, he opened the door to check where he had finished. Obviously dissatisfied with his position, he slammed the door shut. Unfortunately, he was still looking out the door when he attempted to close it. The rest of the lesson was taken up at the hospital as we waited for him to have his head X-rayed and for the doctor to diagnose a short course of aspirin. |