資料No. : NS081210
I-1 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題 (1) TOEIC 1. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 This is to _______ you that our Nagoya office will open in May. (A) impress (B) announce (C) inform (D) address 2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 One of the biggest problems is the _______ of sufficient funding. (A) lack (B) desire (C) amount (D) needing 3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Margaret could not meet Mr. Smith at the station, so she _______ to the office instead. (A) has never been (B) has been (C) had not gone (D) had to go 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 You can count on John as a _______ spokesman for labor in the wage-raise negotiations. (A) season (B) seasonable (C) seasoned (D) seasonal 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 James rushed off to the sales meeting in _______ a hurry he forgot his documents. (A) such (B) that (C) order (D) what 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The trouble with the computer will be solved only _______ we install a new hard disk. (A) that (B) though (C) if (D) what 7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 If your clothes _______ and you don't trust yourself to clean them up, our readers say the best place to go is Della's Cleaners. (A) had stained (B) are staining (C) are stained (D) would stain 8. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Because his plane was late, he was forced to ----- his talk at the convention. (A) complete (B) reschedule (C) extend (D) deliver 9. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The design department wants to find out ----- specifications these are. (A) why (B) that (C) whose (D) where 10. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 As soon as I finish revising this sales report, I will start ----- the correspondence. (A) filing (B) removing (C) ordering (D) eliminating 11. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 He (A)usually (B)visits that customer's office (C)personal rather than (D)sending someone else. 12. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 This (A)electric dictionary really (B)come in handy (C)during (D)English tests. 13. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 The (A)principle wants (B)to see you (C)in his office (D)immediately. (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 If a growing city depletes its own supply of groundwater, it must ----- for alternative sources while also finding ways to reduce water consumption. (A) searching (B) to be searched (C) to search (D) search 2. 空所補充問題 ----- was written beginning two centuries after the island was settled in the 9th century, and includes saga literature -- prose works ranging from fairly factual history writing to pure fiction. (A) It is the earliest Icelandic literature (B) Because earliest Icelandic literature (C) When earliest Icelandic literature (D) The earliest Icelandic literature 3. 空所補充問題 ----- has been associated since ancient times with the source of cosmic energy. (A) The sun (B) Suns (C) Sun (D) A sun 4. 空所補充問題 Many people who get the high-paying jobs they were looking for find that their schedules allow less ----- time than they expected. (A) of leisure (B) leisures (C) leisure (D) leisurely 5. 空所補充問題 If an erroneous name appears on a birth certificate, an explanatory affidavit from the parent must be presented ----- the correct name. (A) regard (B) regards (C) regarded (D) regarding 6. 正誤問題 Before the discovery (A)of microscopic organisms had important biological (B)functions, many people believed (C)that illness was caused by climatic conditions (D)such as temperature and air quality. 7. 正誤問題 The horn of the (A)narwhal, an aquatic mammal (B)with a long tapered horn, (C)having occasionally been offered (D)dishonestly as proof of the existence of the mythical unicorn. 8. 正誤問題 (A)Although it does not cause permanent eye damage, flash blindness is a (B)temporarily loss of sight that occurs (C)when the eye's light receptors are overwhelmed (D)with a sudden concentration of light. 9. 正誤問題 (A)A major portion of the water (B)supplies in an agricultural region usually (C)goes to (D)farming activity. 10. 正誤問題 (A)Contrary to popular belief, (B)cholesterol is a nutrient the body needs, and only (C)become harmful (D)in certain forms and excessive concentrations. I-2 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題解答 (1) TOEIC 1. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 This is to _______ you that our Nagoya office will open in May. (A) impress (B) announce (C) inform (D) address 訳:当社名古屋支店が 5 月に開店することをお知らせいたします。 ※正解(C)。impress と address は意味上不自然。announce は announce that ... の形をとるか、または announce the opening of ... の形であれば可。inform は動詞+目的語+ that ... の形をとることができる。 2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 One of the biggest problems is the _______ of sufficient funding. (A) lack (B) desire (C) amount (D) needing 訳:最大の問題のひとつは充分な資金の不足です。 ※正解(A)。「不足」の意味になるものは lack しかありません。desire は「欲求」、amount は「量」、needing については、need だけであれば、in need of ... の形で、「…を必要としている」という意味があります。 3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Margaret could not meet Mr. Smith at the station, so she _______ to the office instead. (A) has never been (B) has been (C) had not gone (D) had to go 訳:マーガレットは駅でスミス氏に会うことができなかったので、代わりにオフィスまで行かなければならなかった。 ※正解(D)。《解説》「駅で会うことができなかったので、その代わりに〜」という内容をよく留意して、空所に入れる語を選ぶこと。(D) を選べば「代わりにオフィスまで行かなければならなかった」という意味になり適当。 《選択肢》(A) の has never been (to 〜)は「(〜へ)行ったことがない」、(B) の has been (to 〜)は「(〜へ)行ったことがある」 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 You can count on John as a _______ spokesman for labor in the wage-raise negotiations. (A) season (B) seasonable (C) seasoned (D) seasonal 訳:賃上げ交渉の際、労働者側の経験豊かな代弁者としてあなたがたはジョンを頼りにできる。 ※正解(C)。《解説》空所に入れる語でspokesman「代弁者」を修飾させて名詞句を作ることになる。すなわち、count on John as 〜(名詞句)で「ジョンを〜として頼りにする」という表現を完成させる。(C) のseasonedは「経験豊かな、熟した」という意味の形容詞。 《選択肢》seasonable「(天候)季節にふさわしい」, seasonal「季節的な」 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 James rushed off to the sales meeting in _______ a hurry he forgot his documents. (A) such (B) that (C) order (D) what 訳:ジェームズはあまりに急いで営業会議に出かけたので、書類を忘れてきた。 ※正解(A)。《解説》James rushed off to the sales meeting「ジェームズは急いで営業会議に出かけた」という文とhe forgot his documents「ジェームズは書類を忘れた」という2つの文をうまく結べるかどうか。suchを選んで、such 〜 that ...「あまりにも〜なので…」の相関表現(thatはhurryとheの間で省略)を作れば、内容的にも適当である。 《選択肢》in order (that) 「(that以下)のために」 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The trouble with the computer will be solved only _______ we install a new hard disk. (A) that (B) though (C) if (D) what 訳:そのコンピュータのトラブルは、新しいハードディスクを入れない限り解決しない。 ※正解(C)。《解説》The trouble with the computer「コンピュータのトラブル」が主語。installは「(装置など)を取り付ける」の意味。only ifは「〜する場合だけ」の意味。すなわち、「〜をinstallする場合だけ解決される→〜しない限り解決しない」という内容の文となる。なお、if only 〜「〜しさえすれば」と混同しないこと。 7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 If your clothes _______ and you don't trust yourself to clean them up, our readers say the best place to go is Della's Cleaners. (A) had stained (B) are staining (C) are stained (D) would stain 訳:服を汚して、自分で洗濯する自信がないときに読者が一番に薦める店はデラのクリーニング店です。 ※正解(C)。《解説》雑誌か新聞の「良い店紹介コーナー」からとったと思われる文。If節があると、すぐ仮定法の文を作るのかという誤解もよくあるが、ここでは「単なる条件」を表すIf節で、動詞の時制は現在形でよい。stainは「〜を汚す」という意味の他動詞であるが、ここではyour clothesが主語になっているので、受け身にする。 8. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Because his plane was late, he was forced to ----- his talk at the convention. (A) complete (B) reschedule (C) extend (D) deliver 訳:飛行機が遅れたので、彼は大会での講演の予定を変更しなければならなかった。 ※正解(B)。解説 be forced to do は force ( [ 人に ] 〜することを強いる)の受動態で、「〜せざるを得ない」という意味を表す。 (A)complete (〜を完全にする)、 (C)extend (〜を延ばす)、 (D)deliver (〜を配達する)ではいずれも意味が通らない。正解は (B) の reschedule (〜の予定を変更する)。 9. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The design department wants to find out ----- specifications these are. (A) why (B) that (C) whose (D) where 訳:デザイン部ではこの明細書がだれのものか知りたいのです。 ※正解(C)。解説 specifications は通常複数形で「設計明細書、仕様書」。空所以下が find out 〜(〜ということを知る)の目的語となるので、正解は (C)whose 。 10. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 As soon as I finish revising this sales report, I will start ----- the correspondence. (A) filing (B) removing (C) ordering (D) eliminating 訳:私はこの販売報告書の校正を終えたら、すぐに通信文書の整理を始めるつもりです。 ※正解(A)。解説 空所に入る -ing は start の目的語なので、動名詞であることが分かる。 (A)filing ( [ 書類など ] を整理保存すること)、 (B)removing (〜を取り去ること)、 (C)ordering (〜を注文すること)、 (D)eliminating (〜を排除すること)のうち、 the correspondence (通信文書)を目的語とするのに最もふさわしいのは (A) 。 (B) の removing は from 〜の形でどこから「取り去る」のかが示されていれば正解になり得る。 11. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 He (A)usually (B)visits that customer's office (C)personal rather than (D)sending someone else. 訳:彼はほかの者をやらずに、たいてい自ら顧客のオフィスに出向く。 ※正解(C)。personal → personally。(C) personal [形] personally [副]「自ら、直接、個人的に」in personでもよい。 12. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 This (A)electric dictionary really (B)come in handy (C)during (D)English tests. 訳:英語の試験のとき、この電子辞書は実に役に立つ。 ※正解(B)。come in handy → comes in handy。(B) come in handy「(必要なときに)役に立つ」[ヒント]主語と動詞の呼応。 13. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 The (A)principle wants (B)to see you (C)in his office (D)immediately. 訳:校長がきみに校長室ですぐ会いたいそうだ。 ※正解(A)。principle → principal。(A) principle「原理、原則」principal「校長、社長」「主な」 (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 If a growing city depletes its own supply of groundwater, it must ----- for alternative sources while also finding ways to reduce water consumption. (A) searching (B) to be searched (C) to search (D) search ※正解(D)。【解説】 助動詞mustがあることから、その後には動詞searchが来ることはすぐに分かるはずである。 2. 空所補充問題 ----- was written beginning two centuries after the island was settled in the 9th century, and includes saga literature -- prose works ranging from fairly factual history writing to pure fiction. (A) It is the earliest Icelandic literature (B) Because earliest Icelandic literature (C) When earliest Icelandic literature (D) The earliest Icelandic literature ※正解(D)。【解説】 空所の後にwasが来ていることに注目。また、andの後にも動詞includesがあ る。といことは空所にはこの文の主語に当たる語句が入るはずである。正解はThe earliest Icelandic literatureである。 3. 空所補充問題 ----- has been associated since ancient times with the source of cosmic energy. (A) The sun (B) Suns (C) Sun (D) A sun ※正解(A)。【解説】 基本的な問題である。太陽のことが話題になっている。「太陽」は、勿論、 The sunである。 4. 空所補充問題 Many people who get the high-paying jobs they were looking for find that their schedules allow less ----- time than they expected. (A) of leisure (B) leisures (C) leisure (D) leisurely ※正解(C)。【解説】 leisureとleisurelyで悩むところである。両者とも形容詞で、leisureは 「暇な」、leisurelyは「ゆっくりと、急がない」の意味。文意からしてleisureが正 解となる。 5. 空所補充問題 If an erroneous name appears on a birth certificate, an explanatory affidavit from the parent must be presented ----- the correct name. (A) regard (B) regards (C) regarded (D) regarding ※正解(D)。【解説】 空所の前にはmust be presentedと動詞がある。その後にregarded(過去 形、過去分詞形)を続けるわけにはいかない。regardには名詞として「心遣い、配 慮」という意味があるが、それを空所に入れたとしても意味が通らない。前置詞 regarding「... に関して」を使えばいいのである。 6. 正誤問題 Before the discovery (A)of microscopic organisms had important biological (B)functions, many people believed (C)that illness was caused by climatic conditions (D)such as temperature and air quality. ※正解(A)。【解説】 of → that / of the fact that。the discoveryの後には、microscopic organisms had ... と文が続いてい る。ここは前置詞ofではなく、接続詞thatを使わなくてはいけない。of the fact that ... としても文が成立する。function「機能」は可算名詞。次の接続詞thatと such asの用法に問題はない。 7. 正誤問題 The horn of the (A)narwhal, an aquatic mammal (B)with a long tapered horn, (C)having occasionally been offered (D)dishonestly as proof of the existence of the mythical unicorn. ※正解(C)。【解説】 having → has。narwahlとは「イッカク(一角)」のことである。このwithは「... を持 つ」という意味を表す。The hornからhornまでがこの文の主語に当たる部分である。 したがって、havingをhasにしなければ文が成り立たない。dishonestlyは副詞で「ご まかして、不正に」の意味。 8. 正誤問題 (A)Although it does not cause permanent eye damage, flash blindness is a (B)temporarily loss of sight that occurs (C)when the eye's light receptors are overwhelmed (D)with a sudden concentration of light. ※正解(B)。【解説】 temporarily → temporary。出だしの接続詞Althoughの用法に問題はない。loss「損失」は名詞である。 したがって、副詞temporarily「一時的に」は形容詞temporaryにしなくてはいけな い。接続詞whenと前置詞withに誤りはない。 9. 正誤問題 (A)A major portion of the water (B)supplies in an agricultural region usually (C)goes to (D)farming activity. ※正解(B)。【解説】 supplies → supply。portion「部分」は可算名詞なので文頭の冠詞Aに問題はない。この場合の supplyは「供給」の意味で不可算名詞なので、suppliesではなくsupplyとしなければならない。goesとfarming「農業の」に誤りはない。 10. 正誤問題 (A)Contrary to popular belief, (B)cholesterol is a nutrient the body needs, and only (C)become harmful (D)in certain forms and excessive concentrations. ※正解(C)。【解説】 become → becomes。Contrary to popular beliefで「一般に信じられていることとは反対に」の意味。cholesterol「コレステロール」は不可算名詞である。becomeの主語は cholesterolである。したがって、becomeではなくbecomesにしなくてはならない。前 置詞inの用法に問題はない。 II.時事英文 The worst economic crisis (その2:全6回シリーズ) n just two days the Dow Jones Industrial Average lost almost twenty-five percent of its value. The stock market continued to drop until July of nineteen thirty-two. By then, the Dow was about ninety percent below its high reached in September of nineteen twenty-nine. The Dow hit its all-time high in October of last year. Since last year the Dow has lost about forty percent of its value -- even more for the Standard & Poor's index of five hundred stocks. Like the Depression, the current crisis also involves falling property values. American housing prices fell by almost seventeen percent in the twelve months that ended in September. III - a. 雑知識
III-b. 英語のことわざ ◆There's nowhere like home.◆ According to this proverb, home is the best place to be. It's the most comfortable and easiest place to relax without worrying about anything. It's the place where you most want to be. People often use this when they come back from a long trip. III -c. 英語でどう言う? 信号が青に変わるのを待つ wait for the light to turn green 【例文】Don't rush. You'd better wait for the light to turn green. 横断歩道を渡る cross at the crosswalk 【例文】When you walk across the street, be sure to cross at the crosswalk. 人に〜への道順を尋ねる ask +人+ how to get to 【例文】After I realized I was lost, I asked a police officer how to get to the station. 近道をする take a shortcut 【例文】Let's take a shortcut to school. III-d 今週のイディオム polish off (食事や仕事などを)素早く終える、さっと片付ける (finish food, work, etc., quickly or easily) 洗車してワックスをかけ、最後に布でさっとふき取ってみがきをかけるように、物事を素早く片付ける様子を表します。特に食べ物を「さっと平らげる」といった文脈でよく使います。 Jack must have been hungry. He polished off that salad in two minutes. (ジャックは空腹だったに違いない。そのサラダを2分で平らげてしまった) If you're not going to finish that pizza, do you mind if I polish it off? (そのピザを食べられないようなら、僕が片付けチャットもいいかな?) Jane was nearly finished with the report, and said she could polish it off in another hour. (ジェーンは報告書の作成をほぼ終えていて、もう1時間で片付くと言った) IV. Jokes a. An inmate at our prison asked to go to the infirmary. "It's acne," he said. "I get it whenever I come to jail." "Let me get this straight," I said. "Every time you come to jail, you break out." b. My husband had a perfectly good set of tires that he no longer wanted. He placed it outside the garage with a sign that read "Free." After a few weeks with no takers, he changed the sign to "$20." The next day, they were stolen. c. With 300 resumes on his desk and a need to pick someone quickly, my boss told me to make calls on the bottom 50 and toss the rest. "Throw away 250 resumes?" I asked. "What if the best candidates are in there?" "You have a point," he said. "But then again, I don't need people with bad luck around here." d. My hyperactive Year One class has a tendency to act up so I wasn't surprised when, after watching the kids yelling and running around the classroom, one visiting grandmother remarked, "You have a lot of patience." "Actually," I said over the din. "I prefer to think of them as students." e. My youngest son, two-year-old Januin, was sitting with me as we looked through pictures in a nature magazine. He was glued to a series of photos of Incan mummies excavated from snow-topped mountains. Curious, he asked me what they were. "Mummies," I replied. Januin looked unconvinced. "I think those are not mummies," he said. "They look more like daddies!" |