資料No. : NS081203
I-1 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題 (1) TOEIC 1. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 By April of next year, the majority of blue-collar workers _______ on strike at least once. (A) will have gone (B) have gone (C) will be going (D) had been going 2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Women are significantly _______ likely to die after heart bypass surgery than men, says a study released Wednesday. (A) much (B) more (C) most (D) mostly 3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 If the decision isn't favorable to us, please let me know as soon as possible so I can contact _______ companies. (A) another (B) other (C) others (D) either 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 _______ are more than thirty people eligible to be on the company's medical insurance plan. (A) They (B) All that (C) As (D) There 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Should the federal government give every American a medical ID number, making _______ possible to track medical records? (A) it (B) him (C) one (D) that 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Pesticides and chemical _______ are becoming some of the worst water pollutants in America. (A) fertile (B) fertility (C) fertilizers (D) fertileness 7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 This computer system will best _______ ABC Inc. to meet its expanding production requirements. (A) enter (B) enable (C) enact (D) enforce 8. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 What is the --- time by your watch? (A) even (B) extra (C) equal (D) exact 9. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 After --- today's lesson, he went to bed. (A) reviewing (B) review (C) reviewed (D) has reviewed 10. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 His doctor urged him to --- doing hard exercise. (A) put out (B) give up (C) desert (D) remove 11. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 I (A)had a (B)reality check when I (C)ran into my old girlfriend the (D)another day. 12. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 (A)Most Japanese homes have (B)few furniture (C)in them (D)as compared to American homes. 13. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 Charlie had (A)just (B)gotten back from his vacation when the tornado (C)striked his (D)hometown. (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 The Internet has spread ----- the number of websites in existence already exceeds 2 billion. (A) such rapidly (B) such rapidly as (C) so rapidly than (D) so rapidly that 2. 空所補充問題 After its construction in New York at the height of the Great Depression, the Empire State Building remained the world's ----- building for more than 40 years. (A) tall (B) taller (C) tallest (D) most tall 3. 空所補充問題 Animism is the belief that ordinary objects or natural phenomena are invested with a supernatural essence often ----- to as the "soul". (A) refer (B) referred (C) referring (D) to refer 4. 空所補充問題 It is an economic certainty that the lower the price of a government bond falls, -----. (A) the higher its yield will be (B) its yield will be higher (C) rises higher its yield (D) higher is its yield 5. 空所補充問題 Cast iron -----cast from pig iron by long heating at high temperature and slow cooling is especially strong and malleable. (A) which (B) is (C) that is (D) that will be 6. 正誤問題 The use of a metal spring to (A)storage and release energy made (B)it possible to make watches (C)that were more compact than (D)ever before. 7. 正誤問題 The Persian Empire, (A)ranging from the Indus River (B)to the western borders of Asia Minor and Egypt, reached (C)its peak (D)at more than 400 B.C. 8. 正誤問題 The nuclear family (A)consisting of parents and their children living in (B)a single household, (C)while the extended family may (D)include more than two generations. 9. 正誤問題 Although a (A)perfectly circular orbit is (B)a theoretical possibility, (C)most the planets and moons travel in orbits that are elliptical (D)to some degree. 10. 正誤問題 Shell and flower (A)motifs (B)did an important role (C)in the decorative elements of furniture design (D)during the reign of Louis XV of France. I-2 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題解答 (1) TOEIC 1. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 By April of next year, the majority of blue-collar workers _______ on strike at least once. (A) will have gone (B) have gone (C) will be going (D) had been going 訳:来年の4月までに、大多数の工場労働者が少なくとも1度はストライキをするだろう。 ※正解(A)。《解説》着眼する語句はBy April of next year「来年の4月までには」。go on(a) strikeは「ストライキに入る」の意味。したがって、ポイントは「〜までには、ストライキに入っているだろう」という未来完了の文を作ることになる。未来完了は「will+have+過去分詞」の形が基本。 《選択肢》それぞれ (B) は現在完了、(C) は未来進行形、(D) は過去完了進行形。 2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Women are significantly _______ likely to die after heart bypass surgery than men, says a study released Wednesday. (A) much (B) more (C) most (D) mostly 訳:水曜日に公表された研究によると、女性は男性よりも心臓のバイパス手術を受けて死亡する確率が相当高い。 ※正解(B)。《解説》全体としては、比較構文であることに注意。be likely to doで「〜しやすい」の意味になるが、この文では女性と男性を比べて、「女性は男性よりも〜で死亡しやすい」という内容。したがって、likelyの比較級を作ることになる。heart bypass surgery「心臓バイパス手術」、release「公表する」。 《選択肢》mostは最上級を作る他「大部分の」の意味で使われる。mostlyは副詞で「大部分は」の意味。 3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 If the decision isn't favorable to us, please let me know as soon as possible so I can contact _______ companies. (A) another (B) other (C) others (D) either 訳:だめな場合は他の会社を当たりますので、できるだけ早くお知らせください。 ※正解(B)。《解説》ポイントは不定代名詞another, otherの使い方。anotherは「an + other」で単数の可算名詞につけて、「 もう1つの, もう1人の」の意味。ここでは後ろにくる語はcompaniesと複数名詞であるからanotherはあり得ない。otherは形容詞として使うときは、「他の, 別の」の意味で複数名詞の前につける。 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 _______ are more than thirty people eligible to be on the company's medical insurance plan. (A) They (B) All that (C) As (D) There 訳:その会社の医療保険プランの適格者は30人以上いる。 ※正解(D)。《解説》主語に何をもってくるのが最適であるかを考える。補充箇所の後には「be動詞+名詞句」が続く。名詞句はmore than thirty people eligible to 〜(〜する資格のある30人以上の人々)であるが、これをbe動詞の補語とするか、主語とするか(There構文)がポイント。medical insurance plan「医療保険プラン」。 《選択肢》 (B) と (C) は構文上あり得ない。 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Should the federal government give every American a medical ID number, making _______ possible to track medical records? (A) it (B) him (C) one (D) that 訳:連邦政府は一人一人のアメリカ人に診療IDナンバーを与えて、診療記録をたどることを可能にするべきだろうか? ※正解(A)。《解説》makingやto不定詞のto track「たどること」などに着目すれば、ここは形式目的語のitを入れるべきところ。形式目的語のitは後にくるto不定詞やthat節の内容を受ける。make it possible to doで「〜することを可能にする」の意味。the federal government「連邦政府」、medical ID number「診療IDナンバー」 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Pesticides and chemical _______ are becoming some of the worst water pollutants in America. (A) fertile (B) fertility (C) fertilizers (D) fertileness 訳:殺虫剤と化学肥料がアメリカでは水の最悪の汚染物の1つになっている。 ※正解(C)。《解説》補充箇所は文の主語を構成するがPesticides「殺虫剤」との形の上での並行性の保持に留意する。基本的には語彙力の問題となるが、(C) のfertilizers「肥料」が-sと複数形名詞でPesticidesと呼応する。pollutant「汚染物」 《選択肢》fertile「肥よくな」, fertility「肥よくさ」, fertileness「肥よく性」 7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 This computer system will best _______ ABC Inc. to meet its expanding production requirements. (A) enter (B) enable (C) enact (D) enforce 訳:このコンピュータシステムを使えばABC社は拡大する生産の要求に一番うまく応えることができるだろう。 ※正解(B)。【着眼点】「動詞+目的語+to 不定詞」の形に注意して選択肢の動詞を選ぶ。enableは「enable+目的語+to 不定詞」の形で「〜に…することを可能にする」の意味になる。なお、接頭辞のen-は「〜の中に入れる, 〜の上に置く」、「〜にする」、「中に,〜のうちに」の意味。 【選択肢】enter「〜に入る」, enact「〜を制定する」, enforce「〜を実施する」 8. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 What is the --- time by your watch? (A) even (B) extra (C) equal (D) exact 訳:きみの時計だと、正確に何時さしてる? ※正解(D)。(A) even「偶数の」(D) exact「(時間・数量など)正確な、きっかりの」 9. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 After --- today's lesson, he went to bed. (A) reviewing (B) review (C) reviewed (D) has reviewed 訳:彼は、きょうの授業を復習したあと、床についた。 ※正解(A)。(A) After ...ingまたはAfter he had reviewed today's lesson, ...。前置詞のafterの後ろには動名詞がくる。 10. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 His doctor urged him to --- doing hard exercise. (A) put out (B) give up (C) desert (D) remove 訳:医者は彼に、過度の運動をやめるようにしきりに勧めた。 ※正解(B)。urge someone to do「(人に〜するように)しきりに促す」(A) put out ...「〜を差し出す」(B) give up ...「〜をあきらめる」(C) desert「(妻子。友人などを)見捨てる、(職務・部署を)放棄する」(D) remove「(ものを)取り去る、取り除く」[ex.] give up +動名詞「〜することをやめる」 11. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 I (A)had a (B)reality check when I (C)ran into my old girlfriend the (D)another day. 訳:先日、前の彼女に偶然会ったとき、こんなことも現実に起きるんだと思った。 ※正解(D)。another → other。(A) (B) have a reality check [= understand reality clearly] (C) ran into「〜に偶然出会う」(D) the other day「先日(せいぜい1週間くらい前)」 12. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 (A)Most Japanese homes have (B)few furniture (C)in them (D)as compared to American homes. 訳:たいていの日本人家庭では、アメリカ人家庭に比べ家具が少ない。 ※正解(B)。few → little。(B) fewは可算名詞について用いる。不可算名詞にはlittleを用いる[aをつけない否定的用法で]「少ししかない、ほとんどない」furnitureは不可算名詞。(D) (as) compared with (to) ...「〜と比べて、と比べると」 13. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 Charlie had (A)just (B)gotten back from his vacation when the tornado (C)striked his (D)hometown. 訳:故郷が竜巻に襲われたとき、チャーリーは休暇から戻ったばかりだった。 ※正解(C)。striked → struck。(C) strike - struck - struck「(雷・嵐などが〜を)襲う」 (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 The Internet has spread ----- the number of websites in existence already exceeds 2 billion. (A) such rapidly (B) such rapidly as (C) so rapidly than (D) so rapidly that ※正解(D)。【解説】 suchの後には名詞句が来るはずである。副詞rapidlyをsoで強調し、その後 に接続詞thatを続ければso ... that構文になる。 2. 空所補充問題 After its construction in New York at the height of the Great Depression, the Empire State Building remained the world's ----- building for more than 40 years. (A) tall (B) taller (C) tallest (D) most tall ※正解(C)。【解説】 難しく考えることはない。the world'sの後に来るのは最上級のtallestである。 3. 空所補充問題 Animism is the belief that ordinary objects or natural phenomena are invested with a supernatural essence often ----- to as the "soul". (A) refer (B) referred (C) referring (D) to refer ※正解(B)。【解説】 be referred to as ... で「... と呼ばれている」の意味になる。空所に referredを入れればその前にthat/which isが省略されていることになるので、これが正解となる。 4. 空所補充問題 It is an economic certainty that the lower the price of a government bond falls, -----. (A) the higher its yield will be (B) its yield will be higher (C) rises higher its yield (D) higher is its yield ※正解(A)。【解説】 the lower ... に対応するのは、the higher ...である。これで「... が下 がれば下がるほど、... はますます高くなる」の意味になる。 5. 空所補充問題 Cast iron -----cast from pig iron by long heating at high temperature and slow cooling is especially strong and malleable. (A) which (B) is (C) that is (D) that will be ※正解(C)。【解説】 空所の後のcastは過去分詞で「... (から)鋳造される」という意味にな る。このことからisを含むthat isが正解となる。事実を述べているのでthat will beと未来形にする必要はない。 6. 正誤問題 The use of a metal spring to (A)storage and release energy made (B)it possible to make watches (C)that were more compact than (D)ever before. ※正解(A)。【解説】 storage → store。toは前置詞ではなく不定詞である。その後には、当然、名詞storageではな く、動詞store「蓄える」が来ることになる。itはto以下の内容を指す。thatは関係 代名詞。everは強調の副詞である。 7. 正誤問題 The Persian Empire, (A)ranging from the Indus River (B)to the western borders of Asia Minor and Egypt, reached (C)its peak (D)at more than 400 B.C. ※正解(D)。【解説】 at more than → before。ranging(分詞構文)及びfrom ... toの用法に問題はない。itsはThe Persian Empireを指す。at more thanではなくbeforeを使わなくては意味が通らな い。 8. 正誤問題 The nuclear family (A)consisting of parents and their children living in (B)a single household, (C)while the extended family may (D)include more than two generations. ※正解(A)。【解説】 consisting → consists。consistingのままではこの文には動詞がないことになる。consistingを consistsにすればその問題が解決する。household「家族」は可算名詞。接続詞 whileと動詞include「含む」の用法に誤りはない。 9. 正誤問題 Although a (A)perfectly circular orbit is (B)a theoretical possibility, (C)most the planets and moons travel in orbits that are elliptical (D)to some degree. ※正解(C)。【解説】 most → most of。perfectlyは形容詞circularを修飾する副詞。possibility「可能性」は可算 名詞である。most the planetsのままではどうも収まりが悪い。most of the planetsが正しい言い方である。to some degreeで「ある程度」の意味になる。 10. 正誤問題 Shell and flower (A)motifs (B)did an important role (C)in the decorative elements of furniture design (D)during the reign of Louis XV of France. ※正解(B)。【解説】 did → played。motifs「モチーフ、基調」は可算名詞である。play an important role in ... で「... において重要な役割を果たす」の意味になる。したがって、didではな くplayedを使わなくてはならない。duringは期間を表す前置詞。 II.時事英文 The worst economic crisis (その1:全6回シリーズ) What began more than a year ago is often described as "the worst economic crisis since the Great Depression." The downturn is bad, but it would have to get much worse to compare to the nineteen thirties. In 1932, jobless and homeless men wait to get a free dinner at New York's municipal lodging house during the Great Depression Next October will mark the eightieth anniversary of what is generally considered the beginnings of the Depression. III - a. 雑知識
III-b. 英語のことわざ ◆There is no smoke without fire.◆ Rumors and gossip may often be exaggerated and untrue, but at the back of every story, there is usually some element of truth, however small it may be. III -c. 英語でどう言う? 犬をリードにつないでおく keep one's dog on a leash 【例文】You should keep your dog on a leash inside the park. 犬を散歩に連れて行く walk one's dog 【例文】I walk my dog every morning for about 30 minutes. 犬のフンの後始末をする clean up after one's dog 【例文】It is a dog lover's responsibility to clean up after their dogs in public areas. 犬に芸を教える teach one's dog some tricks 【例文】John is teaching his dog some tricks. III-d 今週のイディオム play with fire 冒険をする、危険なことに手を出す take a great risk) 「火遊びをする」が文字通りの意味で、危険なことを「火」にたとえた表現。特に不必要で愚かなことに手を出す場合に使われます。また、軽率な行動によって、自分の身に災いが跳ね返ってくるという含みもあります。 You can ride with Mie if you don't mind playing with fire, but I don't trust her driving. (危険を覚悟しているなら、ミエの車に乗ればいいじゃない、でも私は彼女の運転を信頼していないわ) You're playing with fire to keep accepting bribes from the company. (その会社から賄賂[わいろ]を受け続けるのは危険なことだ) He didn't realize that investing in that project was playing with fire. (彼はそのプロジェクトへの投資が危険な賭けであることに気づかなかった) IV. Jokes a. A zookeeper spotted a visitor throwing several $10 bills into the elephant exhibit. "Why are you doing that?" asked the keeper. "The sign says it's OK," replied the visitor. "No, it doesn't." "Yes it does. It says 'Do not feed. $10 fine.' " b. Three boys are bragging about their fathers. "My dad can shoot an arrow and reach the target before the arrow does," says the first boy. "My dad can fire his gun and be there before the bullet." "That's nothing," the third boy says. "My dad stops working at 4.30 and gets home by 3.45!" c. "Got any openings?" a man asked a circus manager. The manager replied that he needed a new assistant tamer. Just then, the head tamer ran into the lion cage flashing it an eyeful of her spandex bodysuit. The big cat slunk to the ground, licked her ankles and rested his head at her feet. "Can you do that?" the manager asked the man. "Sure," he said. "Just get that lion out of my way." d. A little guy gets a window seat on a plane. A burly, mean-looking guy plops down in the seat next to him and promptly falls asleep. During the flight, the little guy starts to feel airsick but is afraid to wake the big guy up. To get to the restroom. Suddenly, the plane hits an air pocket and the little guy pukes all over the big guy's chest. Five minutes later, the big guy wakes up, looks down, and sees the vomit all over him. "So," says the little guy, "are you feeling better now?" |