資料No. : NS081119
I-1 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題 (1) TOEIC 1. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 I'm sorry to _______ your meeting, but there's an emergency call for you on line two. (A) erupt (B) abrupt (C) disrupt (D) bankrupt 2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 If you have the answers before the meeting tomorrow, we'll be able to have a discussion and _______ a step forward. (A) give (B) talk (C) walk (D) take 3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The tables are set a good distance apart so it is possible to _______ an intimate conversation. (A) get (B) have (C) take (D) go 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Mr. White _______ the best out of his salesmen with an incentive plan that offers very generous rewards. (A) gives (B) owns (C) gets (D) pays 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 No matter _______ long it takes to finish the annual report, it must be done. (A) though (B) how (C) however (D) what 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Floods cause _______ amounting to hundreds of millions of dollars every year, as well as the loss of many lives. (A) damaging (B) to damage (C) damaged (D) damage 7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 A Hamburg-bound passenger train derailed June 3 in northern Germany, killing over 100 people and seriously _______ 200. (A) injuring (B) injured (C) to injure (D) being injured 8. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 You must be careful to --- the baby away from the heater. (A) contain (B) retain (C) keep (D) detain 9. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Could you loan me a few --- ? (A) dollars (B) cash (C) money (D) finances 10. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The supplies he needs are out of ---, but they should be arriving soon (A) order (B) stock (C) sight (D) print 11. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 The (A)most short day (B)of the year is the (C)winter solstice, (D)isn't it? 12. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 (A)One of the boys that I (B)to go to school with (C)became president of (D)that big company. 13. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 My sister's apartment (A)flooded (B)when a water pipe (C)collided (D)in the ceiling. (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 After a road construction crew lays down the asphalt, its surface ------ with a sealer that protects the road from wear. (A) is covered (B) are they covered (C) that covers (D) covering 2. 空所補充問題 Semantics is a branch of linguistics concerned with the structure ------ the changes of meaning in language. (A) as well (B) and well (C) and as well (D) as well as 3. 空所補充問題 Not until aircraft were able to carry loads heavy enough to be useful in transportation and war ------. (A) investors took them seriously (B) they were taken seriously by investors (C) did investors take them seriously (D) with investors taking them seriously 4. 空所補充問題 After being nominated for the award five years in a row but never actually receiving it, many believe it's about time Mr. Handy ------ the honor. (A) was received (B) received (C) receives (D) will receive 5. 空所補充問題 Exit-polls show that most people ----- supportive of the opponent of an incumbent president intend to vote against the incumbent, rather than for his opponent. (A) are to be (B) who are (C) who (D) who will be 6. 正誤問題 The invention of writing allowed people (A)to preserve data without (B)committing (C)it to human memory, which it was (D)less reliable than clay tablets. 7. 正誤問題 We finished (A)work on most (B)of the cars, but we didn't (C)have time for (D)the rests. 8. 正誤問題 The president organized (A)a fundraising dinner for his political (B)allies that was (C)attended by 1,000 people, (D)each of which paid $750 for the privilege. 9. 正誤問題 (A)In many parts of India, the cow is (B)regarded as sacred (C)and is not slaughtered (D)by food. 10. 正誤問題 (A)We all wish the jury (B)will realize (C)that a defendant is to be (D)presumed innocent until and unless proven guilty. I-2 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題解答 (1) TOEIC 1. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 I'm sorry to _______ your meeting, but there's an emergency call for you on line two. (A) erupt (B) abrupt (C) disrupt (D) bankrupt 訳:会議中恐縮ですが、緊急のお電話が2番に入っております。 ※正解(C)。【着眼点】I'm sorry to ... と断りを入れている。できればしたくない事をせざるを得ない人の言葉で、それを行う対象は your meeting である。disrupt の dis- は元々はラテン語の duo (=two) から来たもので、「2つに分かれて」の意であったが、そこから分離・除去・剥奪・反対・否定などの意へと拡大していった。rupt は break の意。したがって disrupt は → 「破って分け離す」 → 「引き裂く;(会議などの正常な進行)を妨げる」。 2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 If you have the answers before the meeting tomorrow, we'll be able to have a discussion and _______ a step forward. (A) give (B) talk (C) walk (D) take 訳:明日の会議前に解答が出れば、私たちは話し合って、もう少し処置を講じられるだろう。 ※正解(D)。【着眼点】stepは「(成功などへの)1歩, 進歩;(前進などのための)手段, 処置」の意味をもつ。ここではa stepの連結する動詞を探す。take a stepで「踏み出す、一歩踏み込む」。広くはtake stepsは「手段を講じる、手を打つ」の形で用いられる。連結する形容詞はimportant, decisive, bold, drastic, false, dangerousなど。 3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The tables are set a good distance apart so it is possible to _______ an intimate conversation. (A) get (B) have (C) take (D) go 訳:テーブルは適当な距離に配置されていて、親密な会話を楽しむことができる。 ※正解(B)。【着眼点】an intimate conversation「親密な会話」と結びつく動詞を探す。have [carry on, hold] a conversation with 〜で「〜と会話をする」の意味。 open [start] a conversation with 〜で「〜と会話を始める」の意味。「会話を止める」はbreak off a conversationと言う。 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Mr. White _______ the best out of his salesmen with an incentive plan that offers very generous rewards. (A) gives (B) owns (C) gets (D) pays 訳:ホワイトさんは、かなり割のいい報奨金を出す刺激策で、販売員に最善を尽くさせた。 ※正解(C)。【着眼点】the best out of 〜と結びつく動詞は何か。慣用表現の問題ということになるが、答えは(C)のgetsを選ぶ。get the best out of 〜で「〜の最高の状態を引き出す」という意味になる。an incentive planは「刺激策」。 【選択肢】make the best of 〜「〜を最大限に利用する」はよく使われる。 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 No matter _______ long it takes to finish the annual report, it must be done. (A) though (B) how (C) however (D) what 訳:どんなに長くかかっても、年次報告書を仕上げなければならない。 ※正解(B)。【着眼点】「No matter how+形容詞[副詞] 〜」(たとえどんなに〜でも)という譲歩の副詞節を作る。なお、これはNo matterを取って、 「However +形容詞[副詞] 〜」とも言い換えることできるが、この両者の形を混同しないように注意したい。 【選択肢】後ろにlongがあるので(D)のwhatを持ってくることは不可。 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Floods cause _______ amounting to hundreds of millions of dollars every year, as well as the loss of many lives. (A) damaging (B) to damage (C) damaged (D) damage 訳:洪水は毎年、多くの人命の損失と同様に、何億ドルにものぼる損害をもたらしている。 ※正解(D)。【着眼点】A as well as B「Bと同様にAも」という相関表現に注意して、形の並行性に努める。Bにあたるのはthe loss of many livesという名詞句。したがって、問題となる箇所も名詞句になる。なお、causeはここでは「〜を招く、〜の原因となる」という動詞で、問題の箇所はその目的語であることにも注意する。 【選択肢】(A) (B)とも名詞の働きはできるが、直後のamountingにも注意して、ここではずばり(D)を選ぶ。 7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 A Hamburg-bound passenger train derailed June 3 in northern Germany, killing over 100 people and seriously _______ 200. (A) injuring (B) injured (C) to injure (D) being injured 訳:6月3日、ドイツ北部でハンブルク行きの客車が脱線し、100人以上が死亡して200人が重傷を負った。 ※正解(A)。【着眼点】問題となる箇所はkilling over 100 people 「100人以上が死亡し」という分詞構文に並列することに注意。なおkillも他動詞であるが、injureも「〜を傷つける」という意味の他動詞であり、200「200人」が目的語となっている。 【選択肢】200が目的語にあり、(D)のように受け身にするのは誤り。 8. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 You must be careful to --- the baby away from the heater. (A) contain (B) retain (C) keep (D) detain 訳:赤ん坊がストーブに近づかないように注意しなければなりません。 ※正解(C)。(B) retain「(〜を保つ、維持する、覚えている」)(C) keep away from「(人・ものを)〜に近づけない、触れさせない」(D) detain「(〜を)引き止める、手間取らせる」[ex.] Since you are busy, I won't detain you.「お忙しいでしょから、お引きとめはいたしません。」 9. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Could you loan me a few --- ? (A) dollars (B) cash (C) money (D) finances 訳:2、3ドルかしてくれますか。 ※正解(A)。(A) a fewの後ろには可算名詞が続くのでdollars。(B) cash (C) money (D) finance「財政」finances「財政状態、財源、収入」 10. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The supplies he needs are out of ---, but they should be arriving soon (A) order (B) stock (C) sight (D) print 訳:彼が必要な品は、在庫が切れていたがまもなく入ってくるはずだ。 ※正解(B)。supply「供給、補給」「供給品、備え」(B) out of stock「在庫が切れて」(C) out of sight ...「〜の見えない所の(に)」(D) out of print「絶版になって」 11. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 The (A)most short day (B)of the year is the (C)winter solstice, (D)isn't it? 訳:一年で最も短い日は冬至ですよね。 ※正解(A)。most short → shortest。(A) shortの最大級。(C) solstice「(太陽の)至(太陽が赤道から北股は南に最も離れたとき)」the winter solstice「冬至」 12. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 (A)One of the boys that I (B)to go to school with (C)became president of (D)that big company. 訳:男子同窓生の一人が、あの大会社の社長になった。 ※正解(B)。to go to → went to / used to go to。[ヒント] that I went toまたはthat I used to go to 13. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 My sister's apartment (A)flooded (B)when a water pipe (C)collided (D)in the ceiling. 訳:天井で水道管が破裂して、妹のアパートは水浸しになってしまった。 ※正解(C)。collided → burst。(A) flood「洪水させる、氾濫させる」しばしば受身で用いる。(C) collide [+ with]「衝突する」 (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 After a road construction crew lays down the asphalt, its surface ------ with a sealer that protects the road from wear. (A) is covered (B) are they covered (C) that covers (D) covering ※正解(A)。【解説】 its surfaceの後に動詞が来るのは明らか。are they coveredでは主語がダブってしまう。また、単数its surfaceをareで受けるはずがない。正解はis coveredである。 2. 空所補充問題 Semantics is a branch of linguistics concerned with the structure ------ the changes of meaning in language. (A) as well (B) and well (C) and as well (D) as well as ※正解(D)。【解説】 the structureとthe changes ... と2つ名詞句が並んでいる。接続詞の andを入れたいところだが、選択肢にはand well、and as wellと余分な語がついている。as well asを空所に入れれば「the changes ... ばかりでなくthe structureも」の意味になる。 3. 空所補充問題 Not until aircraft were able to carry loads heavy enough to be useful in transportation and war ------. (A) investors took them seriously (B) they were taken seriously by investors (C) did investors take them seriously (D) with investors taking them seriously ※正解(C)。【解説】 文頭に否定語Notがあるので、当然、空所には倒置された文が入るはずである。正解はdid investors take them seriouslyである。 4. 空所補充問題 After being nominated for the award five years in a row but never actually receiving it, many believe it's about time Mr. Handy ------ the honor. (A) was received (B) received (C) receives (D) will receive ※正解(B)。【解説】 it's about time ... は仮定法の文であることを忘れてはいけない。この後 に過去形receivedを使うことで、「そろそろ ... してもいいころだ」の意味を表 す。 5. 空所補充問題 Exit-polls show that most people ----- supportive of the opponent of an incumbent president intend to vote against the incumbent, rather than for his opponent. (A) are to be (B) who are (C) who (D) who will be ※正解(B)。【解説】 supportiveは「支える、支持する」という意味の形容詞である。また、 most people ... この文の動詞はintendである。したがって、空所には関係代名詞と be動詞が入るはずである。文脈から判断して、未来形にする必要はないので、正解は who areになる。 6. 正誤問題 The invention of writing allowed people (A)to preserve data without (B)committing (C)it to human memory, which it was (D)less reliable than clay tablets. ※正解(C)。【解説】 it → itを取る不定詞to、withoutの後の動名詞committingの用法に問題はない。whichの後 のitは何を指しているのかがわからない。実は、このitが余分だったのである。 less ... thanは劣等比較。 7. 正誤問題 We finished (A)work on most (B)of the cars, but we didn't (C)have time for (D)the rests. ※正解(D)。【解説】 the rests → the rest この場合のworkは名詞。most of the cars、have timeに問題は見当たらな い。the restで「残り」の意味になる。restsと複数形にする必要はない。 8. 正誤問題 The president organized (A)a fundraising dinner for his political (B)allies that was (C)attended by 1,000 people, (D)each of which paid $750 for the privilege. ※正解(D)。【解説】 each of which → each of whom 冠詞a、allies「同盟」、受け身was attended by ... の用法に問題はな い。whichは前のpeopleを受けているので、whomを使ってeach of whomにしなければ いけない。 9. 正誤問題 (A)In many parts of India, the cow is (B)regarded as sacred (C)and is not slaughtered (D)by food. ※正解(D)。【解説】 by food → for food In many parts、be regarded as ... 「... と見なされる」、接続詞andに 誤りはない。by foodのどこがおかしいのか。このままではfoodにより slaughtered「屠殺される」の意味になってしまう。前置詞をforに換えれば、for foodで「食用として」の意味になる。 10. 正誤問題 (A)We all wish the jury (B)will realize (C)that a defendant is to be (D)presumed innocent until and unless proven guilty. ※正解(B)。【解説】 will realize → would realize wishがあるので仮定法の文であるはずだが、will realizeと未来形になって いる。would realizeにすれば仮定法過去の文になる。 II.時事英文 Archeological Dig Area in the American State of South Carolina (その11:全12回シリーズ) Four years ago, Mister Goodyear and his team found ancient plant material at the Topper Site. Shortly before the work was to end, they discovered black soil. The soil provided charcoal, a material combining wood and other substances. Charcoal can be tested for age by a process called radiocarbon dating. Tom Stafford of the Stafford Research Laboratories in Colorado arrived to take pieces of the charcoal. Months later, the test results were announced. They showed that the charcoal could be up to fifty thousand years old. If correct, it would mean that the first settlement in the Americas took place many years earlier than had been thought. It could also mean settlers lived in North America fifty thousand years ago. III - a. 雑知識
III-b. 英語のことわざ ◆There's many a slip between the cup and the lip◆ When you are drinking tea, you raise the cup to your mouth. As you raise the cup, there is a chance that accident will occur. You may drop the cup or spill the tea. What this proverb is saying is that we would always be ready for accidents to happen. We should never assume that something is done until it is done. We should never assume that we have something until we actually have it. III -c. 英語でどう言う? 暗証番号を入力する enter one's PIN 【例文】I incorrectly entered My PIN three times. ※PIN; personal identification number ATMからお金を引き出す withdraw money from an ATM 【例文】Tim withdrew ¥20,000 from an ATM on his way to work. ※ATM; automated (automatic) teller machine クレジットカードで支払う pay by credit card 【例文】Mary bought some groceries and paid by credit card. 財布を取り出して〜の代金を支払う get out one's wallet to pay for ~ 【例文】John got out his wallet to pay for my lunch. III-d 今週のイディオム make money hand over fist 大もうけする、ぼろもうけする (earn money quickly in large amounts) hand over fistは「どんどん」の意味で、ロープや釣り糸などをたぐるときに手を交互に動かす様子から生まれた表現です。make moneyを強調して、お金を次から次へと勢いよく手に入れる場合に使われ「あっという間に」という含みがあります。 Those kids were making money hand over fist selling cookies door to door. (あの子どもたちは一軒一軒クッキーを売り歩いて大もうけしていた) Whoever invents a time machine will be able to make money hand over fist. (だれがタイムマシーンを発明しようが、発明したらぼろもうけができる) Bob has been making money hand over fist since he started investing in the stock. (ボブは株への投資を始めてからぼろもうけしている) IV. Jokes a. My sister has a very sharp tongue and anyone who's been on the receiving end of it can attest to that. One day, I heard her complaining to a neighbor, a rather large lady, about her doss' incessant barking. "I can't do anything about it, I breed Rottweiler," said the neighbor. "I can believe it," my sister shot back. "You've got the hips for it." b. A bicycle came whizzing down a steep hill and smashed into a car as I stood there watching in horror. I ran over quickly to see if I could help and discovered that the wild rider was a friend of mine, an attorney. I knew he was going to be just fine when the first words that came out of his mouth were, "Did the driver admit he was at fault?" c. Watching a TV show on couples prompted me to ask my wife of 60 years, "If you had to do it over again, would you marry me?" "You've asked me that before," she answered. "What did you reply?" "I don't remember." d. Our teenage daughter decided to learn the saxophone and proceeded to buy a tenor sax. Despite her best efforts, the only sounds she could produce were tuneless squeaks and wails. She concluded that the sax wasn't the instrument for her and decided to sell it. The first prospective buyer was a pleasant woman in her twenties. She examined the instrument thoroughly. "It looks like it's hardly been used," she cooed enthusiastically. "It's even still got the polystyrene protective packing under the keys." |