資料No. : NS081112
I-1 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題 (1) TOEIC 1. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Walking in single file behind their teacher as she crossed the street _______ several elementary school students. (A) is (B) are (C) were (D) has been 2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 From the top of the Eiffel Tower _______ the whole city of Paris. (A) can see (B) can be seen (C) can be seeing (D) can have seen 3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 At no time _______ serious about his studies. (A) was John ever (B) was John never (C) when John was not (D) where John was ever 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 When you have finished the book, _______ put it back on the shelf. (A) don't fail to (B) don't avoid to (C) never miss to (D) please fail not to 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 He _______ speak the language, let alone read or write it. (A) hardly (B) can't hard (C) can hardly (D) can't hardly 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 My wife and I won't _______ forget that day. (A) ever (B) never (C) hardly (D) no more 7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 I don't suppose he's serious, _______? (A) do I (B) is he (C) has he (D) isn't he 8. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 It is hoped that the baseball team --- better next year. (A) do (B) did (C) will do (D) had done 9. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The birds --- insects can see them from far away. (A) that eat (B) they eat (C) eat (D) are eating 10. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 It is --- that two or three typhoons will hit us this fall. (A) probably (B) probability (C) probabilities (D) probable 11. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 It was my (A)father's habit (B)putting his hand (C)in his pocket when he spoke to someone (D)outside the family. 12. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 I (A)drunk (B)far too much champagne last night (C)while I was (D)celebrating my friend's marriage. 13. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 (A)No sooner had my children (B)come home from school (C)than they (D)leave for their friend's house. (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 Duck hunters use shotguns because the spreading of the shot gives them more ------ hitting a target. (A) opportunities at (B) likelihoods of (C) talents at (D) chance of 2. 空所補充問題 Anyone ----- a child to read will understand what a rewarding experience it can be. (A) having taught (B) is to teach (C) who has taught (D) teach 3. 空所補充問題 More highly-motivated foreign students ----- to State Universities this year than in any previous year. (A) have accepted to (B) have been accepted (C) accepted them (D) to accept them 4. 空所補充問題 Baby birds hatch in the nest ------ they must be fed and protected until they can fly and hunt on their own. (A) what (B) why (C) how (D) where 5. 空所補充問題 Mediation provides a way to solve disputes that would ------ take huge amounts of time and money to solve in court. (A) like to (B) otherwise (C) rather (D) always 6. 正誤問題 Many of us (A)celebrate national and religious holidays (B)because they were personal entitlements, (C)rather than special occasions intended (D)to offer thanks or reverence. 7. 正誤問題 In (A)interviewing prospective employees, government agencies (B)are prohibited from asking (C)about an applicant's (D)politic. 8. 正誤問題 The (A)audiences watching the award ceremony is (B)responding well to (C)our request for electronic voting on (D)who should win the award. 9. 正誤問題 Neither a fixed-wing airplane (A)or a helicopter, the (B)tilt-rotor aircraft combines the (C)functions of (D)both types of design. 10. 正誤問題 A trip (A)that usually takes about an hour (B)by car can take twice as long (C)as when (D)traffic is unusually heavy. I-2 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題解答 (1) TOEIC 1. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Walking in single file behind their teacher as she crossed the street _______ several elementary school students. (A) is (B) are (C) were (D) has been 訳:通りを渡る先生の後から1列に並んで歩いていくのは、何人かの小学生たちだった。 ※正解(C)。【着眼点】分詞 (Walking) とその分詞が引き連れる長い要素が前置された倒置構文。まずは空所の後が主語名詞句であり、かつ複数(several ... students)であることを押さえれば (A) のisと (D) のhas beenが消える。(B) と (C) の違いは時制だが、落ち着いて読み返せばas she crossedが目に止まるはず。asは時の接続詞。their(後方照応)はstudentsを指す。 2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 From the top of the Eiffel Tower _______ the whole city of Paris. (A) can see (B) can be seen (C) can be seeing (D) can have seen 訳:エッフェル塔の一番上からはパリ全体が眺められる。 ※正解(B)。【着眼点】From the top of the Eiffel Towerは場所の副詞句で、空所の後には動詞がなく、かつ選択肢はすべて動詞がらみとなれば当然倒置構文。ただ、この場合はseeが他動詞であるという点がひねりがきいている。「副詞句−他動詞−主語名詞句」がすべての要素で、目的語に当たるものがないのだから動詞は受け身で用いるしかない。the city of Parisは見られる側。 3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 At no time _______ serious about his studies. (A) was John ever (B) was John never (C) when John was not (D) where John was ever 訳:ジョンは1度も勉強に真剣に取り組んだためしがない。 ※正解(A)。【着眼点】文頭のAt no timeは「決して〜ない」の意の熟語で、主語と述語動詞の結びつきを否定する。選択肢の中でV (was) −S (John) のように倒置が起こっているのは (A) と (B) だが、(B) のほうはneverに問題がある。否定の表現を二重に用いるのは非標準であり、TOEICでは不可。everは否定文で用いられて「これまでに1度も…ない」の意を表す。 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 When you have finished the book, _______ put it back on the shelf. (A) don't fail to (B) don't avoid to (C) never miss to (D) please fail not to 訳:その本を読み終えたら、必ず書棚に戻しておいてください。 ※正解(A)。【着眼点】否定の意味を表す慣用表現の問題。avoid や miss は to 不定詞を目的語にとることはない(動名詞はとる)ので、形を見た段階で候補からはずれる。問題は (A) と (D) だが、fail to 〜 (不注意などから〜しない)の場合、to 以下を否定の対象にすることはできない点に注意( → × He failed not to come.)。ということで (A) の don't fail to 〜(〜しそこなうな=必ず〜せよ)が正解。要するに、fail to の否定は「〜しないことはない」の意味で、結局「必ず〜する」という肯定的表現となるわけである。 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 He _______ speak the language, let alone read or write it. (A) hardly (B) can't hard (C) can hardly (D) can't hardly 訳:彼は言葉を話すのもままならない。ましてや読んだり書いたりできないのは言うまでもない。 ※正解(C)。【着眼点】let alone ... は「ましてや…でないのは言うまでもない」の意で、否定文を受けて用いられる熟語。したがって、He ... language の部分が正しい否定文になるように選択肢を検討すればよい。正解は can hardly (speak) (=ほとんど話せない)となる。 【選択肢】speak の主語は He(3人称・単数)であり、副詞だけの挿入では依然として呼応に問題があるため (A) は不可。(B) の hard(一生懸命に)は意味の面でも、位置の面でも不可( → hard は動詞の後にくる)。(D) は否定語の hardly にさらに can't がついた二重否定で不可。 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 My wife and I won't _______ forget that day. (A) ever (B) never (C) hardly (D) no more 訳:私たち夫婦はあの日のことを決して忘れないでしょう。 ※正解(A)。【着眼点】won't とすでに否定語があるから、二重否定をつくる (B) 〜 (D) はすべて不可。「not + ever」で never の意。二重否定は徹底攻略。 7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 I don't suppose he's serious, _______? (A) do I (B) is he (C) has he (D) isn't he 訳:彼は本気じゃありませんよね。 ※正解(B)。【着眼点】I(don't)suppose [think, believe, guess, etc.] (that) ... の構文では、付加疑問は主節のI(don't)thinkからではなくthat節のほうからつくられる。また、この構文では、I don't suppose (that) ... のように形式上は主節が否定されているが、実質上のnotの作用はthat節が受けるものと見なされる。したがって、I don't suppose he's serious. から付加疑問をつくる際は、I suppose he isn't serious. からつくるのと同じ要領で考えることになる。なお、以上述べたことは、主節の主語がIでsupposeなどの動詞が単純現在時制のときにのみ当てはまる。 8. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 It is hoped that the baseball team --- better next year. (A) do (B) did (C) will do (D) had done 訳:その野球チームは、来年さらなる活躍を期待されている。 ※正解(C)。(C) next yearがあるのでwill do 9. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The birds --- insects can see them from far away. (A) that eat (B) they eat (C) eat (D) are eating 訳:昆虫を食べる鳥は、遥か彼方から獲物を見ることができる。 ※正解(A)。(A)関係代名詞の主格用法。「昆虫を食べる鳥は〜」 10. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 It is --- that two or three typhoons will hit us this fall. (A) probably (B) probability (C) probabilities (D) probable 訳:おそらくこの秋、2〜3回台風に襲われるだろう。 ※正解(D)。(B) probability「見込み、公算」「ありそうな事柄」(D) probable「(確実ではないが)ありそうな」It is probable that ...「たぶん〜だろう」 11. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 It was my (A)father's habit (B)putting his hand (C)in his pocket when he spoke to someone (D)outside the family. 訳:家族以外の人と話すとき、父は癖でポケットに手を入れていました。 ※正解(B)。putting → to put。(A) (B)「〜する習慣」はhabit to do 12. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 I (A)drunk (B)far too much champagne last night (C)while I was (D)celebrating my friend's marriage. 訳:昨夜、友人の結婚を祝いながら、シャンパンを飲みすぎてしまった。 ※正解(A)。drunk → drank。(A) drink-drank-drunk (B) far「(程度に関して)はるかに、大いに」champagn「シャンペン、シャンパン」 13. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 (A)No sooner had my children (B)come home from school (C)than they (D)leave for their friend's house. 訳:うちの子どもたちは学校から戻ってくるとすぐに友だちの家に行ってしまった。 ※正解(D)。leave for → left for。(A) (C) no sooner〜than ...[接続詞に用いて]「〜するとすぐ…、〜するや否や…」[ヒント]時制に注意。 (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 Duck hunters use shotguns because the spreading of the shot gives them more ------ hitting a target. (A) opportunities at (B) likelihoods of (C) talents at (D) chance of ※正解(D)。【解説】 文脈から判断して「見込み、機会」の意味を表すchance、あるいは、 opportunitiesが空所に入ることが分かる。opportunitiesの後に来る前置詞はatでは なくof、forである。したがって、chance ofが正解になる。 2. 空所補充問題 Anyone ----- a child to read will understand what a rewarding experience it can be. (A) having taught (B) is to teach (C) who has taught (D) teach ※正解(C)。【解説】 will understand ... がこの文の動詞部である。したがって、関係代名詞 who ... で文を繋がなければ、動詞がダブってしまう。 3. 空所補充問題 More highly-motivated foreign students ----- to State Universities this year than in any previous year. (A) have accepted to (B) have been accepted (C) accepted them (D) to accept them ※正解(B)。【解説】 accept「受け入れる、認める」は他動詞である。文意からして、当然、受け 身にしなければならない。受け身になっているのはhave been acceptedだけである。 4. 空所補充問題 Baby birds hatch in the nest ------ they must be fed and protected until they can fly and hunt on their own. (A) what (B) why (C) how (D) where ※正解(D)。【解説】 空所にはthe nestを受けてin which(場所)の働きをする関係副詞が入るは ずである。正解はwhere。 5. 空所補充問題 Mediation provides a way to solve disputes that would ------ take huge amounts of time and money to solve in court. (A) like to (B) otherwise (C) rather (D) always ※正解(B)。【解説】 空所には「調停(mediation)がなければ、もしそうでなければ」の意味を表 すことばが入る。正解はotherwiseである。他の語では意味が成立しない。 6. 正誤問題 Many of us (A)celebrate national and religious holidays (B)because they were personal entitlements, (C)rather than special occasions intended (D)to offer thanks or reverence. ※正解(B)。【解説】 becauseでは前後の文が繋がらない。they wereがあることからas though/as if ... 「まるで ... であるかのように」を使えば仮定法の文にる。 7. 正誤問題 In (A)interviewing prospective employees, government agencies (B)are prohibited from asking (C)about an applicant's (D)politic. ※正解(D)。【解説】 名詞applicant「応募者」の後に形容詞politic「政治上の」が来るはずがな い。ここは名詞politics「政治(活動)」を使わなくてはいけない。 8. 正誤問題 The (A)audiences watching the award ceremony is (B)responding well to (C)our request for electronic voting on (D)who should win the award. ※正解(A)。【解説】 audience「聴衆」は集合名詞である。したがって、audiencesと複数形にする必要はない。 9. 正誤問題 Neither a fixed-wing airplane (A)or a helicopter, the (B)tilt-rotor aircraft combines the (C)functions of (D)both types of design. ※正解(A)。【解説】 Neitherがあるのでorではなくnorを使うことになる。文頭にBeing(分詞構 文)を補って考えればNeither ... helicopterの意味が分かるだろう。 10. 正誤問題 A trip (A)that usually takes about an hour (B)by car can take twice as long (C)as when (D)traffic is unusually heavy. ※正解(C)。【解説】 どこにも問題が見当たらない?take twice as longで「二倍は(時間が)か かる」の意味。その後のasがなくても意味が通じるということは、2番目のasが余分 だったのである。 II.時事英文 Archeological Dig Area in the American State of South Carolina (その10:全12回シリーズ) The flood caused Mister Goodyear and his team to dig about a meter deeper than usual for Clovis artifacts. They found evidence of tools and extremely small stone particles or flakes. The objects appeared older than those made or used by the Clovis people. The objects were found during the last two weeks of the Goodyear team's yearly research project. Digging at Topper in the following years added to the artifact collection. The scientists found artifacts that appear to have come from times before the Clovis people. III - a. 雑知識
III-b. 英語のことわざ ◆There are two sides to every story◆ In any argument or discussion, there are always two different points of view. Both can be just as good, or the truth could lie somewhere in between. III -c. 英語でどう言う? ままごとをする play house 【例文】Let's play house. I'll be Daddy, and you'll be Mummy. トランプをする play cards 【例文】Because it was raining, we spent the whole day playing cards. ぶらんこで遊ぶ play on the swing 【例文】Every time my daughter goes to the park, she insists on playing on the swing. キャッチボールをする play catch 【例文】My father used to play catch with me when I was a kid. III-d 今週のイディオム as the crow flies 直線距離にして、直線距離で行けば (in a straight line; if you go in a straight line) 文字通りには「カラスが飛ぶように」の意味で、カラスは目的地に向かって一直線に飛ぶと考えられていたことから生まれた表現。正規の道を通れば、もっと長く複雑な道のりであるのに対して、カラスのように道路などを無視して「一直線に飛ぶと〜になる」という発想で使われます。 It is 30 kilometers from here to Yokohama as the crow flies. (ここから横浜まで直線距離にして30キロです) His house seems far away from your home, but it's only 8 kilometers away as the crow flies. (彼の家とあなたの家はかなり離れているように見えるが、直線距離にすればわずか8キロです) What's the distance between these two cities as the crow flies? (直線距離にしてこの2つの市はどれくらい離れていますか) IV. Jokes a. My elderly hospital patient was disheveled and unkempt. He looked like he'd led a rough life. While I was combing his hair one day he mumbled. "It's hopeless." "Don't say that," I insisted. "It's not hopeless. You just have to make a decision to change your life and seek help. You'll see, things will start looking up!" He turned around and looked at me. "I was talking about my hair." b. Having been a driving instructor for 15 years, I've seen students do some strange things. One young man, however, outshone them all. As he stopped the car after attempting a reverse-parking exercise, he opened the door to check his position. Obviously dissatisfied, he slammed the door shut. Unfortunately, he was still looking out of the door when he attempted to close it. The remainder of the lesson was taken up at the hospital as we waited to have his head X-rayed. c. "What should I d?" wailed a panicked client to the receptionist at our vet's office. "My dog's just eaten two bags of unpopped popcorn!" Clearly not as alarmed as the worried pet owner, the receptionist responded coolly, "Well, the first thing I would do is keep him out of the sun." d. Vetting a prospective trade supplier for my engineering company, I asked the representative the usual questions: how many years her firm had been trading, how long they would take to deliver, etc. But I was particularly interested in her company's logo, which was a rhinoceros. "We're thick-skinned and we charge a lot," she explained. She won the contract. e. You can take the man out of the auto business … I was walking through the door after a morning of appointments - I'd gone to the beauty salon to have my hair colored and then to the chiropractor - when I heard my husband talking with my son. "She's not in," he said. "She's gone out for a paint job and a realignment." |