資料No. : NS081105
I-1 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題 (1) TOEIC 1. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The sales manager seldom ever visits our branch, _______? (A) did he (B) does he (C) isn't it (D) doesn't it 2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 _______ they can meet the deadline or not is the question. (A) If (B) When (C) That (D) Whether 3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 I have _______ many CDs as Henry. (A) three times so (B) three time as (C) as three times (D) three times as 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The estimate we agreed upon was _______ of the two. (A) a lower (B) the lower (C) the lowest (D) the most lowest 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 When it comes to the atmosphere, this restaurant is not _______ as the one we went to last week. (A) as good (B) so better (C) more better (D) such the best 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 _______ he survived such a terrible accident is a mystery to us. (A) As (B) How (C) Though (D) Therefore 7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 A man in a black coat _______ me of my wallet. (A) attacked (B) stole (C) robbed (D) asked 8. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The secretary --- in her salary. (A) earned a lift (B) got a raise (C) increased a fee (D) had a better cost 9. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The rumor that there was a plane crash was --- by a news broadcast. (A) confirmed (B) controlled (C) conquered (D) contrasted 10. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The boss will expect --- that job finished by the end of this month. (A) find (B) finding (C) to finding (D) to find 11. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 I (A)heard a rumor that Jane (B)was going to (C)marriage Pat (D)and not John. 12. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 She (A)always demands more (B)to her money (C)than the shopkeeper (D)is willing to give. 13. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 No (A)matter what you (B)may have heard, it is (C)impossible that that actually (D)happens. (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 The Pyramids of Egypt are recognized ------ the greatest monuments of all time. (A) in being those (B) and are certain (C) as being some of (D) of being among 2. 空所補充問題 Many people decide to ------ new hobbies, such as fishing or gardening, when they retire. (A) take up (B) take away (C) take over (D) take out 3. 空所補充問題 ------ , many people begin to think realistically for the first time about how long they will live. (A) In 40s (B) It is the 40s (C) During their 40s (D) They are the 40s 4. 空所補充問題 The fact that someone is strongly convinced of an idea does not ------ mean that the idea is correct. (A) in always (B) forever (C) of ever (D) necessarily 5. 空所補充問題 There are usually several means ------ a complex geometrical problem. (A) to solve (B) can solve (C) by them can be solved (D) we use them to solve 6. 正誤問題 Liquid is (A)defined as material that (B)change its shape to (C)conform to the shape of (D)its container. 7. 正誤問題 The (A)Swiss army knife, (B)still in use by the military of that country, has become (C)a symbol of ingenuity and (D)useful. 8. 正誤問題 Nuclear fusion is (A)many more difficult to control (B)for practical purposes (C)than nuclear (D)fission. 9. 正誤問題 It is common (A)for adults to say they wish they (B)don't have to grow old, but it is (C)just as common to forget the (D)difficulties of childhood. 10. 正誤問題 Sharks generally prefer (A)not to eat human flesh even (B)when they have gained (C)a fearsome reputation (D)over the years. I-2 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題解答 (1) TOEIC 1. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The sales manager seldom ever visits our branch, _______? (A) did he (B) does he (C) isn't it (D) doesn't it 訳:販売部長がうちの支店に顔を出すことはまずないよね。 ※正解(B)。【着眼点】先行節の主語は単数名詞で人 (sales manager) だから、付加疑問の部分にはheまたはsheが現れていないといけない。また、先行節の述語動詞は助動詞を含まない単純現在時制の一般動詞 (visits) であり、付加疑問の時制は先行節の時制に合わせるから、ここではdoesを用いることになる。seldomは生ずる位置によっては否定の力が弱まり、否定の付加疑問をとることもあるが、問題文のように動詞の前にきた場合は肯定の付加疑問が続いてさしつかえない。 2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 _______ they can meet the deadline or not is the question. (A) If (B) When (C) That (D) Whether 訳:彼らが締め切りに間に合わせられるかどうかが問題だ。 ※正解(D)。【着眼点】SV or notの節と結びついて全体として主語節を形成できるのは (D) のWhetherのみ。ifは主語節は導けない。 3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 I have _______ many CDs as Henry. (A) three times so (B) three time as (C) as three times (D) three times as 訳:私はヘンリーの3倍多くのCDを持っている。 ※正解(D)。【着眼点】原級を用いた倍数表現ではas ... asの最初のasの直前にtwice, three [four, five, etc.] timesなどの倍数詞が置かれる。したがって正解は (D)。 【選択肢】 (A) はsoが不可だが、これは倍数表現に限らないので注意( → He is as [×so] tall as I.)。肯定文で用いられたas ... asをso ... asに代えた出題は誤文訂正問題でも頻出。(B) はtimeが単数形なので不可。(C) は語順が不可。 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The estimate we agreed upon was _______ of the two. (A) a lower (B) the lower (C) the lowest (D) the most lowest 訳:2つの提示額のうち、話がまとまったのは安いほうの見積りだった。 ※正解(B)。【着眼点】空所の後のof the twoに注目。2者間の比較で「より〜なほう」という文脈であるから (C) や (D) は不可だが、(D) のほうは最上級のlowestにmostがついていることからしても問題外。なお、(D) のような組み合わせは誤文訂正問題ではよく出されている。(A) は冠詞のaが問題。「2つのうちのより〜なほう」のように指し示す対象が1つに定まる文脈ではtheを用いる。 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 When it comes to the atmosphere, this restaurant is not _______ as the one we went to last week. (A) as good (B) so better (C) more better (D) such the best 訳:雰囲気ということで言えば、このレストランは先週行ったレストランほどは良くない。 ※正解(A)。【着眼点】比較の対象がas the oneとasで導入されているから原級比較であり、(A) を選ぶことになる。oneはここではrestaurantをくり返す代わりに用いられた代用表現。when it comes to 〜 は「〜に関して言えば、〜という点になると」の意の慣用表現。 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 _______ he survived such a terrible accident is a mystery to us. (A) As (B) How (C) Though (D) Therefore 訳:あんな大事故に遭いながら彼がどうやって助かったのか不思議だ。 ※正解(B)。【着眼点】he survived such a terrible accidentは、これ自体が文として独立できる構造を備えており、その後には「is(V)+a mystery(C)+to us(副詞句)」という主語を欠く構造が続いている。このことから文頭にはhe ... accidentの節全体を主語として機能できる名詞節にまとめ上げる語が要求されているとわかる。そして、それが可能なのはhowだけである( → how ... = いかにして…したかというその方法)。 7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 A man in a black coat _______ me of my wallet. (A) attacked (B) stole (C) robbed (D) asked 訳:黒いコートを着た男が私の財布を奪いました。 ※正解(C)。「奪う、盗む」という意味の動詞が入るのではないかということは比較的容易に察しがつきます。だからといって、安易に(B)stole を選んではいけません。単語の用法が違うのです。動詞+人+ of +物の形をとる「奪う」でなければなりません。 8. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The secretary --- in her salary. (A) earned a lift (B) got a raise (C) increased a fee (D) had a better cost 訳:秘書に昇給があった。 ※正解(B)。(A) lift「(地位などの)向上、昇進、高揚」(B) raise「昇給」[cf.] earned a raiseも正しい。 9. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The rumor that there was a plane crash was --- by a news broadcast. (A) confirmed (B) controlled (C) conquered (D) contrasted 訳:飛行機事故があったといううわさは、報道で確認された。 ※正解(A)。rumor「うわさ、流言」broadcast「放送」(A) confirm「(権限・習慣・意見などを)確かめる」(C) conquer「(〜を)征服する」(D) contrast「(二者を)対照(比較)する」ここでは「うわさが確認された」が一番的確。 10. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The boss will expect --- that job finished by the end of this month. (A) find (B) finding (C) to finding (D) to find 訳:社長は、今月末までにその仕事が終わることを期待するだろう。 ※正解(D)。(D) expect to do ...「〜することを期待する」 11. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 I (A)heard a rumor that Jane (B)was going to (C)marriage Pat (D)and not John. 訳:ジェーンがジョンでなくパットと結婚するという噂を聞いた。 ※正解(C)。marriage → marry。(C) marriage「結婚」marry「(人と)結婚する」 12. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 She (A)always demands more (B)to her money (C)than the shopkeeper (D)is willing to give. 訳:彼女はいつも支払う金額に対して店主が快く応じてくれるより多くの額を要求する(まけさせようとする)。 ※正解(B)。to her money → for her money。(B) for<基準を表して>「〜としては、〜の割には」for her money「支払う金に対して」 13. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 No (A)matter what you (B)may have heard, it is (C)impossible that that actually (D)happens. 訳:たとえ以前どんなことを聞いたとしても、それが実際に起こったなんてあり得ない。 ※正解(D)。happens → happened。(A) no matter what「たとえ何〜でも」(D)時制に注意。 (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 The Pyramids of Egypt are recognized ------ the greatest monuments of all time. (A) in being those (B) and are certain (C) as being some of (D) of being among ※正解(C)。【解説】 be recognized as ... で「... として見なされている」の意味を表す。したがって、asを含む選択肢 as being some ofが正解となる。 2. 空所補充問題 Many people decide to ------ new hobbies, such as fishing or gardening, when they retire. (A) take up (B) take away (C) take over (D) take out ※正解(A)。【解説】 各動詞の意味を確認しよう。take up「(趣味を)始める」 take away「持っていく」、take over「引き継ぐ」、take out「持って帰る」。正解はtake upである。 3. 空所補充問題 ------ , many people begin to think realistically for the first time about how long they will live. (A) In 40s (B) It is the 40s (C) During their 40s (D) They are the 40s ※正解(C)。【解説】 In 40sでは冠詞のtheが不足している。It is the 40sではisとbeginで動詞がダブることになる。これはThey are the 40sにも当てはまる。正解はDuring their 40sである。 4. 空所補充問題 The fact that someone is strongly convinced of an idea does not ------ mean that the idea is correct. (A) in always (B) forever (C) of ever (D) necessarily ※正解(D)。【解説】 in alwaysはinが余分である。foreverとof everでは意味が通じない。necessarilyならばnot necessarily mean that ... 「... を意味するとは限らない」の意味になる。 5. 空所補充問題 There are usually several means ------ a complex geometrical problem. (A) to solve (B) can solve (C) by them can be solved (D) we use them to solve ※正解(A)。【解説】 meansは名詞で「手段」の意味。There areがあるので、この後にcan solveは使えない。by them can be solvedも動詞がダブルことになる。we use them to solveはthemが余分である。正解はto solveである。 6. 正誤問題 Liquid is (A)defined as material that (B)change its shape to (C)conform to the shape of (D)its container. ※正解(B)。【解説】 関係代名詞thatの先行詞は単数形materialである。したがって、それを受けるchangeはchangesになる。 7. 正誤問題 The (A)Swiss army knife, (B)still in use by the military of that country, has become (C)a symbol of ingenuity and (D)useful. ※正解(D)。【解説】 andの前には名詞ingenuity「工夫、精巧」がある。これに合わせて形容詞usefulは名詞useにしなくてはいけない。 8. 正誤問題 Nuclear fusion is (A)many more difficult to control (B)for practical purposes (C)than nuclear (D)fission. ※正解(A)。【解説】 比較級more ... thanを強調する場合にはmanyではなく、muchあるいはfarなどを使わなくていけない。 9. 正誤問題 It is common (A)for adults to say they wish they (B)don't have to grow old, but it is (C)just as common to forget the (D)difficulties of childhood. ※正解(B)。【解説】 wishがあることに注目。これは仮定法なので、don'tではなくdidn'tを用いることになる。 10. 正誤問題 Sharks generally prefer (A)not to eat human flesh even (B)when they have gained (C)a fearsome reputation (D)over the years. ※正解(B)。【解説】 even whenでは前後の意味が繋がらない。even though「〜なのだが」に換えれば意味が通るようになる。 II.時事英文 Archeological Dig Area in the American State of South Carolina (その9:全12回シリーズ) In nineteen ninety-eight, Mister Goodyear and his team wanted to find more artifacts of the Clovis people. He planned a dig near the Savannah River. But the river had flooded the area he wanted to examine. So he decided to start digging nearby. Today, he remembers how much he regretted the flood. He told reporter that did not want to move his explorations. But the area proved a big surprise. The archeologist described it as the best thing that ever happened to him. III - a. 雑知識
III-b. 英語のことわざ ◆The pen is mightier than the sword◆ The idea in this proverb is that it is easier to make someone do something by communicating with them in words than by trying to use force. Words are more effective than weapons. III -c. 英語でどう言う? 準備運動をする do warm-up exercises 【例文】You should do warm-up exercises before playing sports. 平泳ぎをする do the breaststroke 【例文】The third swimmer did the breaststroke and the anchor swimmer did the freestyle. 耳に水が入る get water in one's ear(s) 【例文】When I dived into the pool, I got water in my ear and I still can't get it out. 足がつる get a cramp in one's leg 【例文】I got a cramp in my leg while swimming. III-d 今週のイディオム keep one's head above water 借金をしないでいる、(財政的に)何とかやっていく (manage to continue to live on your income) 文字通りには「おぼれないように首を水の上に出している」の意味で、あっぷあっぷしながらも借金しないで、あるしは破産しないで何とかやっていくという状況を表します。個人についても、組織についても使うことができます。 I need \50,000 this month to keep my head above water. (今月借金しないで暮らすには5万円たりない) Our company has struggled to keep its head above water for years. (我が社は何年もの間、なんとか借金しないでがんばってきた) Do you think you could manage to keep your head above water if we send you some financial assistance? (私たちがあなたに財政的な支援をしてあげたら、何とかやっていけると思いますか?) IV. Jokes a. One day my five-year-old brother looked up from the TV program he was watching and asked my mother, "What does middle age mean?" Before she could answer, Justin said, "Oh, I know! Halfway to death!" b. Not long after our father died, my sister overheard my nieces, five-year-old Angela and seven-year-old Kathy, talking about their grandmother. "Do you think Grandma will marry again?" asked Kathy. "No, there aren't many men around like Granddad," Angel replied. Kathy thought for a moment, then said, "Well, she's going to have to get married again because she can't drive!" c. Outside a church we recently attended, a sign made sure we knew that the Lord doesn't watch over everything. "Christ the King," it read, "is not responsible for valuables left in vehicles." d. A regular client was snoozing under the hood dryer as I swept the floor of our hair salon. I couldn't help noticing the beautiful brooch she was wearing, with its unusual contemporary design and soft, shiny surface. When it was time to remove the hood, I asked her where she got it. "I'm not wearing a brooch," she replied. "Yes, you are," I said and pointed to it. "Oh, dear," she said, looking in the mirror. "Before I was asleep, I was chewing a toffee." toffee キャラメルやキャンデーなどのあめ菓子 e. We invite grandparents to a special day at our school. The day's activities culminate in a photo opportunity with grandparent and grandchild posing in front of a colorful display from a history class. Only after the last shot was snapped did we notice what appeared above each grandparent's head: a banner screaming, "Discover the Ancient World." |