資料No. : NS081001
I-1 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題 (1) TOEIC 1. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 I don't think they're working _______ to finish on schedule. (A) enough fast (B) fast enough (C) quite enough fast (D) very fast enough 2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 All new employees are required to attend _______ training course. (A) three-months (B) three-month's (C) a three-month (D) a three-months 3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The police thought that arson was the most _______ cause of the fire. (A) alike (B) likely (C) unlike (D) likelihood 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Last Wednesday, six of our cars were returned in an _______ condition. (A) absolutely wretchedlily (B) absolutely wretchedly (C) absolute wretchedly (D) absolutely wretched 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Recently _______ paid me a visit. (A) one of distant relatives (B) that my distant relative (C) the distant relative of mine (D) a distant relative of mine 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The cerebrum has two hemispheres, which are mirror images _______. (A) each other (B) one another (C) of each other (D) to one another 7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 When she threatened to leave him, Tony thought _______ was only a bluff. (A) he (B) she (C) it (D) itself 8. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The cook ----- recipe was selected is actually a famous chef. (A) who (B) that (C) whose (D) which 9. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 When I saw how difficult the test was, I wished I ----- for it. (A) studied (B) had studied (C) would study (D) have studied 10. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 We had a difficult time learning the language, but our boy ----- it up like a sponge. (A) absorbed (B) learned (C) soaked (D) immersed 11. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 Walt Disney (A)created Mickey Mouse (B)what is (C)one of the most popular cartoon characters (D)ever. 12. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 Word of mouth (A)have it (B)that they (C)will divorce (D)soon. 13. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 My mother (A)says that my brother (B)frequently failed (C)to get to school (D)at time. (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 The practice of bargaining is common in both barter transactions ----- those in which currency is used. (A) and (B) and also (C) and with (D) also 2. 空所補充問題 Few people think of a man named Walter Camp while watching American football, but he was the most important figure ----- the rules, strategy, and techniques of the game. (A) in developing (B) to develop (C) as developed (D) who develops 3. 空所補充問題 An attitude of boastful, warlike patriotism can ----- jingoism. (A) as to be referred (B) to be referred as (C) referred to be as (D) be referred to as 4. 空所補充問題 Condominiums are multi-family residential buildings that are architecturally similar to apartment buildings, but ----- each unit is an independent piece of real estate. (A) in it (B) there in (C) in that (D) in which 5. 空所補充問題 The first boatloads of convicts and ----- families to be transported from England to Australia were carried on the First Fleet of 1788 in a voyage that took eight months. (A) they (B) their (C) them (D) those 6. 正誤問題 (A)Author Robert Louis Stevenson (B)settling with his family in Apia (C)on the island of Upolu, (D)one of the Samoan islands in the South Seas. 7. 正誤問題 (A)In Roman mythology, the god of wine and agricultural (B)productivity was (C)named Bacchus, who was virtually (D)identity to the Greek god of wine Dionysus. 8. 正誤問題 (A)When a region of high atmospheric pressure (B)on the black sea moves (C)toward the southwest, it often (D)means sunny weather for much of the eastern Mediterranean. 9. 正誤問題 The dinosaurs were (A)an enormously successful category of animal, (B)as is clear from the fact that (C)it survived for (D)so many millions of years. 10. 正誤問題 In 1970, (A)voters in the Finland brought (B)down one of the most drastic election upsets in the 53 years (C)since the northern European country (D)had become independent. I-2 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題解答 (1) TOEIC 1. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 I don't think they're working _______ to finish on schedule. (A) enough fast (B) fast enough (C) quite enough fast (D) very fast enough 訳:あの人たちの仕事のはかどり具合では予定どおり終了しそうにない。 ※正解(B)。【着眼点】副詞 (fast) を修飾するenoughの位置に関する問題。enoughはfastの後にこなければならない。 【選択肢】(A) と (C) は語順が不可。(D) は語順の点では問題ないが、fastの前にさらにveryがついている点がよくない( → ×very fast [carefully, etc.] enoughのような言い方はしない)。なお、enough自体をextremely, so [too] much, very (much) などの程度副詞で修飾するのも不可なので注意(×extremely [so (much), too (much), very (much) ] enough)。quiteについてはquite fast enoughのように言うことはできる。 【文構造】enoughはよくto不定詞を従えて「to以下ができるくらい十分」の意で用いられる。 2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 All new employees are required to attend _______ training course. (A) three-months (B) three-month's (C) a three-month (D) a three-months 訳:新入社員は皆3か月間の職員研修に参加しなければならない。 ※正解(C)。【着眼点】「数詞 (three) +ハイフン+名詞 (month) 」が後続の名詞を修飾する構造。この場合ハイフンの後の名詞は単数形。 【選択肢】ハイフンの後でmonthsと複数形になっている (A), (D) は不可。(B) のような言い方はしない( → ただし、a four years' courseのような言い方はある)。なお、「講習、研修」の意のcourseは可算なのでaは必要。 3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The police thought that arson was the most _______ cause of the fire. (A) alike (B) likely (C) unlike (D) likelihood 訳:警察はその火事の原因は放火である可能性が最も高いと考えた。 ※正解(B)。【着眼点】名詞(cause(原因))を修飾し、かつmostを付加して最上級をつくる形容詞を選ぶとするとlikely(ありそうな、可能性のある)が文脈上最適( → これも-ly語尾形容詞の1つ)。 【選択肢】alike(似ている)は叙述用法では用いるが名詞を限定修飾する用法はない。unlikeはalikeの反意語で、こちらは限定用法もあるが文脈に合わない。(D) は名詞。 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Last Wednesday, six of our cars were returned in an _______ condition. (A) absolutely wretchedlily (B) absolutely wretchedly (C) absolute wretchedly (D) absolutely wretched 訳:この前の水曜、うちの会社で貸し出した車の6台が目もあてられないひどい状態で戻ってきた。(※レンタカー会社 (car rental company) の話であろう) ※正解(D)。【着眼点】「冠詞 (an) _____ 名詞 (condition) 」とあって_____に2語入るとすると、「形+形」か「副+形」の組み合わせが考えられる。したがって、(D) の「absolutely(完全に、すっかり[全く])+wretched(ひどい、目もあてられない)」という「副+形」のペアが正解。 【選択肢】wretchedの副詞がwretchedlyであり (A) のwretchedlilyは存在しない。(B) のように前の副詞が後の副詞を修飾すること自体は可能だが、後に名詞がひかえているので形容詞がないとおかしい( → 副詞は名詞を修飾しない)。 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Recently _______ paid me a visit. (A) one of distant relatives (B) that my distant relative (C) the distant relative of mine (D) a distant relative of mine 訳:ついこのあいだ、遠い親戚にあたる人が訪ねてきた。 ※正解(D)。【着眼点】後置所有格の問題。 【選択肢】one ofの後はone of my relativesなどのように定名詞句がくる。 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The cerebrum has two hemispheres, which are mirror images _______. (A) each other (B) one another (C) of each other (D) to one another 訳:大脳には右脳と左脳があり、それらは互いに鏡像を成している。 ※正解(C)。【着眼点】cerebrum(大脳)は中央に深い縦の溝があって2つに分かれているが、その脳の半球 (hemispheres) どうしが互いに鏡に映した場合のような左右対称の像 (mirror images) を成している、ということを述べた文。each otherとone anotherは「互い」を意味する「相互#代名詞#」であり、「#互いに#」のような副詞句ではない。また、これらは動詞や前置詞の目的語となるのがふつうで、主語としては用いられない。 【選択肢】前置詞を介さない (A), (B) は不可。「〜を鏡に映したような (image) 」はof 〜であり、to 〜とは言わない。 7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 When she threatened to leave him, Tony thought _______ was only a bluff. (A) he (B) she (C) it (D) itself 訳:彼女が別れるとおどしをかけてきたとき、ただのはったりだろうとトニーは思った。 ※正解(C)。【着眼点】threaten to 〜 は「〜すると言っておどしをかける」で、leave himはここでは「彼と別れる」の意。himは後方照応的用法でTonyを指す。Tony thought以下はsheのおどしに対するTonyの内心の反応だが_____ (S) was (V) a bluff (C) → S = C → bluff=「はったり」の流れで考えるとitが正解とわかる。itは「彼女が行ったおどし行為」を指す( → itは先行文脈の「内容」を受けて用いることも可能)。 【選択肢】「人=a bluff」も「単独再帰代名詞=主語」も成立しない。 8. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The cook ----- recipe was selected is actually a famous chef. (A) who (B) that (C) whose (D) which 訳:レシピが選ばれた料理人は、実は有名なシェフである。 ※正解(C)。解説 空所の後は recipe was selected (レシピが選ばれた)という完結した文が続いているため、空所には所有格の関係代名詞 (C) が入る。 9. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 When I saw how difficult the test was, I wished I ----- for it. (A) studied (B) had studied (C) would study (D) have studied 訳:そのテストがどんなに難しいかということが分かったとき、私はテストに備えて勉強しておけばよかったと思った。 ※正解(B)。解説 How difficult the test is! (このテストはなんて難しいんだろう!)という感嘆文が saw の目的語として文に組み込まれている。文全体の時制は過去なので、過去のことについて「〜だったらよかったのに」という意味を表す仮定法過去完了を選ぶ。正解は (B) 。 10. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 We had a difficult time learning the language, but our boy ----- it up like a sponge. (A) absorbed (B) learned (C) soaked (D) immersed 訳:私たちは、その言語を学ぶのに苦労したが、息子はそれをスポンジのように吸収した。 ※正解(C)。解説 soak 〜 up で「(知識など)を吸収する」という意味を表す (C) が正解。原則として、 (A) の absorb (〜を吸収する)、 (B) の learn (〜を覚える)、 (D) の immerse (〜を夢中にさせる)の後に「目的語+ up 」の形は続かない。 11. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 Walt Disney (A)created Mickey Mouse (B)what is (C)one of the most popular cartoon characters (D)ever. 訳:ウォルト・ディズニーは、これまでで最も人気のあるキャラクターの一つであるミッキー・マウスを作り出した。 ※正解(B)。what → who。ミッキー・マウスを修飾する(人間扱い)。関係代名詞主格。 12. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 Word of mouth (A)have it (B)that they (C)will divorce (D)soon. 訳:彼らが離婚するのでは、ということが人の口を通して伝わっていった。 ※正解(A)。have → has。Divorce「離婚する」[ヒント]主語と動詞の呼応。word of mouth has it that …「〜ということが口づてで伝わる」 13. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 My mother (A)says that my brother (B)frequently failed (C)to get to school (D)at time. 訳:母は弟がよく学校に間に合わないと言っている。 ※正解(D)。at time → on time。(B) frequently「しばしば、たびたび」(D) on time「時間どおりに、定刻に」in time「間に合って」 (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 The practice of bargaining is common in both barter transactions ----- those in which currency is used. (A) and (B) and also (C) and with (D) also ※正解(A)。【解説】 文中のbothに注目。「両方」の意味を表すには空所にandを入れればいい。bargaining「取り引き、値切ること」。 2. 空所補充問題 Few people think of a man named Walter Camp while watching American football, but he was the most important figure ----- the rules, strategy, and techniques of the game. (A) in developing (B) to develop (C) as developed (D) who develops ※正解(A)。【解説】 to develop、as developedでは前後の文が繋がらない。who developsはdevelopsが現在形になっているので不可。正解は(A) in developingである。このinは「……において、する時に」の意味。 3. 空所補充問題 An attitude of boastful, warlike patriotism can ----- jingoism. (A) as to be referred (B) to be referred as (C) referred to be as (D) be referred to as ※正解(D)。【解説】 動詞referの用法を知っているかどうかが問われているが、空所の前にcanがあるので、(A) (B) (C)が使えないのはすぐにわかるだろう。正解は(D)。be referred to as... 「……と呼ばれている、言われている」。jingoism「好戦的愛国主義」 4. 空所補充問題 Condominiums are multi-family residential buildings that are architecturally similar to apartment buildings, but ----- each unit is an independent piece of real estate. (A) in it (B) there in (C) in that (D) in which ※正解(D)。【解説】 in itではitが何を指すのかが分からない。there inでは前後の文が繋がらない。関係代名詞thatの前に前置詞inは使えない(一部の例外を除く)。正解は(D)in whichである。 5. 空所補充問題 The first boatloads of convicts and ----- families to be transported from England to Australia were carried on the First Fleet of 1788 in a voyage that took eight months. (A) they (B) their (C) them (D) those ※正解(B)。【解説】 名詞familiesの前に使えるのはtheirかthoseのどちらかである。空所にはconvicts「囚人」を受けるtheirが入ることになる。 6. 正誤問題 (A)Author Robert Louis Stevenson (B)settling with his family in Apia (C)on the island of Upolu, (D)one of the Samoan islands in the South Seas. ※正解(B)。【解説】 settling → settled。この文の動詞は? settlingのままではこの文には動詞がないことになる。settledと過去形にすればいい。 7. 正誤問題 (A)In Roman mythology, the god of wine and agricultural (B)productivity was (C)named Bacchus, who was virtually (D)identity to the Greek god of wine Dionysus. ※正解(D)。【解説】 identity → identical。前置詞In、名詞productivity「生産性」、過去分詞namedの用法に問題はない。「……と同一の」という意味を表すにはidentityを形容詞identicalにしなくてはいけない。 8. 正誤問題 (A)When a region of high atmospheric pressure (B)on the black sea moves (C)toward the southwest, it often (D)means sunny weather for much of the eastern Mediterranean. ※正解(B)。【解説】 on → over。前置詞onは接触を表す。「……の上にある、かかっている」はonではなくoverを用いる。 9. 正誤問題 The dinosaurs were (A)an enormously successful category of animal, (B)as is clear from the fact that (C)it survived for (D)so many millions of years. ※正解(C)。【解説】 it → they。代名詞itは何を指すのか? itはこの文の主語であるThe dinosaursを受けているのでtheyにしなければならない。 10. 正誤問題 In 1970, (A)voters in the Finland brought (B)down one of the most drastic election upsets in the 53 years (C)since the northern European country (D)had become independent. ※正解(B)。【解説】 down → about。この場合のvoters「投票者」に冠詞は必要ない。「引き起こした、もたらした」という意味にするにはbroughtの後にdownではなくaboutを用いる。接続詞since、過去完了hadに問題はない。 II.時事英文 Archeological Dig Area in the American State of South Carolina (その4:全10回シリーズ) The researchers say there is still more to be discovered about substorms. The Northern Lights are exciting to watch. However, the forces responsible for them can damage satellites, guidance systems and radio communication. They are also a possible threat to air travelers and astronauts. Scientists hope that more investigation will lead to better methods of predicting substorms, both to protect equipment and lives. III - a. 雑知識
III-b. 英語のことわざ ◆The best advice is found on the pillow◆ Many people spend too much time worrying over a problem. Some people even stay awake all night trying to solve a problem. This proverb says a good night of sleep is the best solution. When you wake up, you will be refreshed and you will be able to think better than when you were tired the night before. III -c. 英語でどう言う? 注射をしてもらう get an injection 【例文】I got an injection at the clinic. 聴診器をあてる apply a stethoscope 【例文】The doctor applied a stethoscope to the patient's chest. 包帯をする have a bandage 【例文】Greg had a bandage around his injured knee. レントゲン写真を撮る take an X-ray 【例文】The doctor took an X-ray of my chest. III-d 今週のイディオム be made of money 大金持ちで、金が有り余って (be very rich; having a lot of money) 文字通りには「お金で出来ている」の意味で、際限なくお金が使えるきわめて裕福な人を指して使われます。掃いて捨てるほどお金を持っている状態を、肉や骨、血までもお金で出来ているという意味を込めて極端に表現しています。また、be not made of money (そんな金持ちじゃない)という言い方もあります。 Jack bought another condominium. He must be made of money. (ジャックはまたマンションを買ったんだ。彼は大金持ちに違いないよ) Mary is looking for a boyfriend who is made of money. (メアリーは大金持ちの彼氏を探している) I can't pay for everyone's meal. I'm not made of money. (みんなの食事代は払えないよ。僕はそんな金持ちじゃないんだから) IV. Jokes a. For my niece, who had just had a baby, I asked my daughter, Sabrina, six, and Stacey, five, to each put one of their bears in with the present I was giving. I thought it would be a sincere gift from the heart. Sabrina had a hard time deciding which toy she wanted to part with, but Stacey came happily down with a handful of toys. So, I praised her generously. Some time later, Sabrina came down crying. "What's wrong?" I asked her. "Stacey gave the baby all my staff!" b. My daughter, Rachel, was in the spelling bee. She had been practicing but was still nervous. Before the start, she turned to me and said, "Mum! It can't be a big deal. Look at the program. They spelled my name wrong!" c. A friend came for a visit and brought along her shy five-year-old daughter, Annika. My three-year-old, Mia, excitedly tried to talk to her, but her new friend stayed silent. Mia even brought out toys and books to entice Annika to play, but still she got no response. Finally, with a sigh of frustration, Mia turned to me and said, "Mama, she won't talk. No batteries?" d. During our fourth year at medical school, a group of us student doctors were asked to check a patient with a heart murmur. I was the first up. After listening to the patient's chest, I described the murmur as harsh, blowing, holosystolic and radiating from the apex to the axilla. The registrar smiled and nodded her approval. The next student came forward, put her stethoscope on the patient's chest, then announced a diagnosis that mirrored mine, she looked up at the registrar, who wasn't smiling this time. The doctor had done everything right except one bit. She forgot to put the ear piece of her stethoscope in her ears. |