資料No. : NS080910
I-1 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題 (1) TOEIC 1. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 It was quite likely that the President _______ in to the intense lobbying from pressure groups. (A) has given (B) had given (C) should give (D) should be giving 2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 He must have fooled my secretary into thinking that he _______ my brother-in-law. (A) be (B) is (C) was (D) been 3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 _______ he desired to lead a peaceful and tranquil life, he could certainly have done so. (A) If (B) Were (C) Has (D) Had 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 We lost the game, but we _______ won if one of our players hadn't been hurt. (A) might well have (B) might have been (C) might well (D) may have 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 We intend to submit _______ that special legislation be passed allocating disaster relief funds to the people in the disaster area. (A) an advise (B) an upshot (C) a request (D) a reason 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 He _______ the boxing match, but I don't know because I wasn't there. (A) may well win (B) may not have win (C) may well have won (D) may not well have won 7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 We _______ afford to take our eyes off the road for an instant while driving at more than 100 miles per hour. (A) can't (B) needn't (C) mustn't (D) shouldn't 8. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The planned venture is a huge undertaking, and everyone should have an opportunity to take -----. (A) place (B) hand (C) part (D) role 9. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Everyone was shocked by the news that she had ----- to him. (A) married (B) wed (C) gotten married (D) marriage 10. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Neighboring farmers are protesting the planned amusement park because they want the area ----- as it is. (A) was maintained (B) preserving (C) to remain (D) is kept 11. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 If he A)weren't B)so wealthy, he would be C)eligible D)to the state scholarship this year. 12. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 Taxes, tariffs and A)other expenses have B)raised up the retail price to C)double the price of D)locally-made products. 13. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 I'm not (A)sure that I can (B)cope with any more (C)responsibles. I'm in (D)over my head already. (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 Stephen Russel Mallory, the secretary of the Confederate navy during the Civil War, was ----- on the Caribbean island of Trinadad. (A) to be born (B) bearing (C) born (D) to bear 2. 空所補充問題 Water vapor returns to its liquid state as soon as ----- with a cold surface. (A) comes it into contact (B) into contact it came (C) it comes into contact (D) coming into contact 3. 空所補充問題 Scientists have reported ----- shortly before an earthquake can be felt by humans. (A) agitating certain animals (B) that certain animals agitate (C) become agitated certain animals (D) that certain animals become agitated 4. 空所補充問題 The meter is the ----- unit of measurement in the metric system. (A) fundamentally (B) fundamental (C) fundamentals (D) fundament 5. 空所補充問題 A successful mountaineering expedition ----- of both teamwork and individual initiative. (A) it is the product (B) being produced (C) being to produce (D) is the product 6. 正誤問題 (A)Any illness producing stiffness (B)or pain in the joints can be (C)referred as (D)rheumatism. 7. 正誤問題 Most (A)unemployment compensation schemes require (B)applicant (C)to give some indication that (D)they are actively conducting a job search. 8. 正誤問題 (A)In a legal adoption, adults (B)take as their own son (C)and daughter a child (D)with other biological parents. 9. 正誤問題 (A)No adult characters (B)ever appear in "Peanuts," (C)which may be the most (D)populous comic strip in history. 10. 正誤問題 The perception of color (A)in human vision (B)depending on the interaction of light (C)with receptor nerves (D)on the rear wall of the eyeball. I-2 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題解答 (1) TOEIC 1. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 It was quite likely that the President _______ in to the intense lobbying from pressure groups. (A) has given (B) had given (C) should give (D) should be giving 訳:大統領が圧力団体からの強い働きかけに屈したというのは十分考えられることだった。 ※正解(B)。【着眼点】主節が It was quite likely と過去時制をとっているので、that 節にも過去系列の動詞 (had given)を配置する。 【選択肢】likely に続く節の中では、話し手の主観的な強い感情を表す should は使えない(×It is likely that Samson should have married Delian in the first place)。 2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 He must have fooled my secretary into thinking that he _______ my brother-in-law. (A) be (B) is (C) was (D) been 訳:彼は私の秘書をだまして彼と私が義理の兄弟だと思い込ませたに違いない。 ※正解(C)。【文構造】「fool +人 (my secretary)+〜ing」は「人をだまして〜させる」の意。 【着眼点】「法助動詞+完了形」(must have fooled) は意味的には過去時に言及するものであり、過去時制と同等であると見なすことができる。問題文は「法助動詞+完了形」の後に直接 that 節が現れているわけではないが、「秘書がだまされて that 以下のこと(=事実ではないこと)を思い込まされたに違いない」という流れだから、that 節には過去時制の動詞をもってくるのがふさわしい。 3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 _______ he desired to lead a peaceful and tranquil life, he could certainly have done so. (A) If (B) Were (C) Has (D) Had 訳:彼が安穏に生きていこうと思えばきっとそれも可能だったろう。 ※正解(D)。【着眼点】「望んでいたらできただろう (could have done)」という過去に言及する文脈なので仮定法過去完了の形(=had +過去分詞)を採用。 [*Had he(=If he had)desired ... は if の省略に伴う倒置] 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 We lost the game, but we _______ won if one of our players hadn't been hurt. (A) might well have (B) might have been (C) might well (D) may have 訳:結果は負け試合だったが、負傷者がなければうちが勝っていただろう。 ※正解(A)。【着眼点】「試合に負けた」という過去の事実の後、but... と続き最後に「選手の1人が負傷していなかったら」という仮定法過去完了がきている。この流れから but 以下の主節には「勝っていただろうに」(might have won) がくるとわかる。 【選択肢】「人に勝つ」は「beat+人」とは言うが「win+人」とは言わないから、 (B)のように「人(=we)」を主語に立てた受け身の形も当然不可(→ 仮に言えたとしても文脈上不可)。(D)は、現実に起こらなかったことを取り上げて「…だったろうに」と言う場合には用いない。 【注意】well は法助動詞の意味を強める副詞。 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 We intend to submit _______ that special legislation be passed allocating disaster relief funds to the people in the disaster area. (A) an advise (B) an upshot (C) a request (D) a reason 訳:我々は被災地の人々への災害救援基金を設定する特別立法可決要求を提出するつもりである。 ※正解(C)。 【文構造】submit ___ that ... は「that 以下という旨の___ を提出する」の意で、___ にくる名詞と that 以下は同格の関係。allocating は legislation(立法)にかかる現在分詞の形容詞用法。 【着眼点】that 節内の V (be passed)が原形(=仮定法現在)である点に注目。 【選択肢】(A)は advise が動詞だから問題外。(B)の upshot(結果[論])は同格の that 節を従える用法それ自体を欠く。(cf. The upshot is that ... の構文は可)(D)の reason は仮定法現在をとる用法はない。 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 He _______ the boxing match, but I don't know because I wasn't there. (A) may well win (B) may not have win (C) may well have won (D) may not well have won 訳:たぶん彼はボクシングの試合に勝ったと思うのですが、私は試合を見に行っていないのでわかりません。 ※正解(C)。【着眼点】can [could] やmay [might] の直後に置かれた副詞のwellは本動詞よりも法助動詞と強く結びつき、法助動詞の意味を強める働きをする( → 例えばmay well 〜(たぶん〜だろう)はmay単独よりも確信度が高くなる)。 【選択肢】終了した試合の結果を推測する文脈なので (A) は不自然。(B) は ... have winという形を見ただけで候補外。(D) のようにmay well 〜を否定文で用いるのも通例不可。 【注意】may well 〜には他に「〜するのももっともだ」の意もある。また控え目な言い方ではmayがmightとなる。慣用句ではこの他にmay [might] (just) as well 〜(=(是非というわけではないが)〜してもよい)に注意。 7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 We _______ afford to take our eyes off the road for an instant while driving at more than 100 miles per hour. (A) can't (B) needn't (C) mustn't (D) shouldn't 訳:時速100マイルを超すスピ−ドで車を走らせているときには一瞬たりともよそ見などできない [よそ見などしたら大変だ] 。 ※正解(A)。【文構造】while driving ...はwhile we are driving ...の意。 【着眼点】afford to 〜は「〜しても大丈夫である」の意だが、この用法のaffordと結びつくのはcan, could, be able toなどである。したがって正解は (A)。can't afford to 〜は「〜する余裕などない [〜したら大変なことになる] 」の意。 8. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The planned venture is a huge undertaking, and everyone should have an opportunity to take -----. (A) place (B) hand (C) part (D) role 訳:この計画中の投機的事業は大掛かりなものなので、全員に参加の機会がなくてはならない。 ※正解(C)。解説 take part で「参加する」という意味。 (C) が正しい。 (A) は take place で「起こる」、 (B) は take a hand とすれば「手を貸す」。また (D) は take the roll で「出席をとる」という意味になる。 9. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Everyone was shocked by the news that she had ----- to him. (A) married (B) wed (C) gotten married (D) marriage 訳:彼女が彼と結婚したというニュースには、みんなが驚いた。 ※正解(C)。解説 空所の後に to があることに注意。 get married to 〜で「〜と結婚する」という意味なので、 (C) が正しい。 (A) marry と (B) wed は「〜と結婚する」という他動詞なので、 to は不要。 (D) marriage は「結婚」を意味する名詞である。 10. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Neighboring farmers are protesting the planned amusement park because they want the area ----- as it is. (A) was maintained (B) preserving (C) to remain (D) is kept 訳:近隣の農場主たちは、計画中の遊園地に反対している。というのも、彼らはその地域を現状のまま残したいからだ。 ※正解(C)。解説 「〜が……することを望む」という意味で使われる want は want 〜 to do の形をとる。よって (A) 、 (D) は誤り。 (B) は want 〜 -ing ( 〜 が……することを望む)の形に当てはまるが、自動詞 preserve は「(食品などが)保存されている、禁猟にしている」という意味で、文脈に合わない。よって正解は (C) 。 remain as it(=the area) is で「それが現在ある状態のままにする」という意味となる。 11. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 If he A)weren't B)so wealthy, he would be C)eligible D)to the state scholarship this year. 訳:もし彼がそれほど裕福でなければ、今年は州の奨学金をもらう資格があるのだが。 ※正解(D)。解説 eligible to 〜は「〜する資格のある」という意味だが、ここでは〜の部分に the state scholarship (州の奨学金)という名詞句が続いているので、 (D) は for にしなければならない。なお、文全体は「もし〜でなければ……だろう」と現在の事実とは違うことを述べている仮定法過去である。 12. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 Taxes, tariffs and A)other expenses have B)raised up the retail price to C)double the price of D)locally-made products. 訳:税金、関税、そのほかの経費が、小売価格を上げて、現地製品の価格を2倍にした。 ※正解(B)。解説 他動詞 raise は「(値段など)を上げる」という意味を表す場合、 up は不要。よって正解は (B) 。 13. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 I'm not (A)sure that I can (B)cope with any more (C)responsibles. I'm in (D)over my head already. 訳:これ以上責任を負いきれるかどうか…。今でももう手一杯なんだ。 ※正解(C)。responsibles → responsibilities。(B) cope with「〜をうまく処理する」(C) responsible「(人が)責任のある」responsibility「責任」「(具体的な)責任」(D) over a person's head「人に理解できない、難しすぎて」 (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 Stephen Russel Mallory, the secretary of the Confederate navy during the Civil War, was ----- on the Caribbean island of Trinadad. (A) to be born (B) bearing (C) born (D) to bear ※正解(C)。【解説】 難しく考えることはない。空所はwasと前置詞onに挟まれている。was born on... で「……に生まれた」の意味になる。 2. 空所補充問題 Water vapor returns to its liquid state as soon as ----- with a cold surface. (A) comes it into contact (B) into contact it came (C) it comes into contact (D) coming into contact ※正解(C)。【解説】 接続詞as soon asの後には文が来るのではないかと予想して選択肢を見る。選択肢の中で主語+動詞の語順になっているのは(C)だけである。water vapor「水蒸気」。 3. 空所補充問題 Scientists have reported ----- shortly before an earthquake can be felt by humans. (A) agitating certain animals (B) that certain animals agitate (C) become agitated certain animals (D) that certain animals become agitated ※正解(D)。【解説】 動詞reportedの後に直接別の動詞becomeを使うことはできない。report... ingという用法はあるが、agitating「動揺させる、興奮させる」では意味が通らない。正解は接続詞thatを使った(B) (D)のどちらかである。「(地震によって)動揺させられる」という意味のbecome agitatedを含む(D)が正解となる。 4. 空所補充問題 The meter is the ----- unit of measurement in the metric system. (A) fundamentally (B) fundamental (C) fundamentals (D) fundament ※正解(B)。【解説】 基本的な問題である。前後に冠詞theと名詞unitがあるので、空所には形容詞が入ると予測できる。正解は(B) fundamental「基本の、基礎の」である。metric system「メートル法」。 5. 空所補充問題 A successful mountaineering expedition ----- of both teamwork and individual initiative. (A) it is the product (B) being produced (C) being to produce (D) is the product ※正解(D)。【解説】 空所の前後にはこの文の動詞に当たる表現がない。したがって、動詞(を含む語句)を選択肢の中から選べばいい。it is the productでは主語がダブることになる。正解は(D)。 6. 正誤問題 (A)Any illness producing stiffness (B)or pain in the joints can be (C)referred as (D)rheumatism. ※正解(C)。【解説】 referred → referred to。Any、or、rheumatism「リウマチ(不可算名詞)に誤りはない。be referred to as... で「……と呼ばれている」の意味になる。 7. 正誤問題 Most (A)unemployment compensation schemes require (B)applicant (C)to give some indication that (D)they are actively conducting a job search. ※正解(B)。【解説】 applicant → applicants。unemployment「失業」に問題はない。applicant「申込者、応募者」は可算名詞なのでここではapplicantsと複数形にする。toは前のrequireに対応している。theyは複数形applicantsを指している。 8. 正誤問題 (A)In a legal adoption, adults (B)take as their own son (C)and daughter a child (D)with other biological parents. ※正解(C)。【解説】 and → or。前置詞inに問題はない。take 〜 as... で「〜を……としてみなす」の意味。〜に当たるa child with other biological parents.が後置されている。andはこの場合orにする。withに誤りはない。 9. 正誤問題 (A)No adult characters (B)ever appear in "Peanuts," (C)which may be the most (D)populous comic strip in history. ※正解(D)。【解説】 populous → popular。No、ever(強調のための副詞)、which(関係代名詞)の用法に問題はない。populousは「人口密度の高い」という意味である。ここではpopularを使わなければ意味が通らない。 10. 正誤問題 The perception of color (A)in human vision (B)depending on the interaction of light (C)with receptor nerves (D)on the rear wall of the eyeball. ※正解(B)。【解説】 depending → depends。 dependingに注目。このままではこの文には動詞がないことになる。dependsにすればいい。perception「知覚」。 II.時事英文 Archeological Dig Area in the American State of South Carolina (その1:全12回シリーズ) Northern Lights seen near Palmer, Alaska last year And I'm Barbara Klein. On our program this week, we will tell about the mystery of the aurora borealis, better known as the Northern Lights. We will also tell about an archeological dig in the southeastern United States. The project continues to surrender secrets of some very early Americans. For many centuries, people have looked with wonder at the Northern Lights. These mysterious lights often brighten the night sky in countries near the North Pole. The Northern Lights are also called the aurora borealis. An aurora is a natural burst of light that can be seen with the unaided eye. An aurora over the South Pole is called the aurora australis, or Southern Lights. Auroras appear as large areas of moving light. They are often green, red or purple in color. Some auroras can extend across the sky for thousands of kilometers. III - a. 雑知識
III-b. 英語のことわざ ◆Talk of the devil and the devil appears◆ There was an old belief that if you talked about the devil he would appear. Now the proverb is used when any person you are talking about appears. So if you are talking about Mr. A and he suddenly walks through the door, you can say, "Talk of the devil. "something bad will come of it (you will only receive something bad from it). III -c. 英語でどう言う? 断水する the water supply is cut off 【例文】The water supply will be cut off from 3 a.m. to 5 a.m. tomommow. 停電する the electricity is cut off 【例文】The electricity was cut off due to the typhoon. 懐中電灯をつける switch on the flashlight 【例文】Oh, the lights have gone out! Switch on the flashlight. 非常ベルが鳴る the fire alarm goes off 【例文】I jumped out of bed in the middle of the night when the fire alarm went off. III-d 今週のイディオム look down one's nose at (人や物を)見下す、軽べつする (be scornful of someone / something) 頭をそらせ気味に自分の鼻を見下ろす土岐の表情が、相手を軽べつしているように見えることから生まれた表現。上方から軽べつのまなざしで見ることです。対象は人だけでなく、軽視している物に対しても使います。 I know your parents look down their nosed at my family, but I'm proud of my heritage. (君の両親が僕の家族を見下しているのは分かっているけど、僕は自分の家系に誇りを持っている) Chaqrlie often looks down his nose at people that aren't as rich as he. (チャーリーは自分より金持ちでない人間をしばしば軽べつする) My parents used to look down their noses at amusement parks, but now they love these places. (私の両親は以前、遊園地を見下していたが、いまでは大のお気に入りだ) IV. Jokes a. After listening to my university-age daughter complain about her car's mileage, I asked what it was. "I'm not sure," she answered. "Not sure?" I said. "All you have to do is check the odometer when the tank's full, check it on empty, then divide the number of liters by the total distance travelled." "That won't work," she replied. "The math is easy," I insisted. "It's not that," she explained. "I never have enough money to fill the tank." b. While in a queue approaching passport control at the airport, I heard a gentleman behind me say, "I wish I'd brought my piano with me." "What on earth for?" asked his wife. "Because my passport is on it," he said. c. Back in 1928 when my brother was 18 and I was a baby, he emigrated to Australia, and the only contact my family had with him was letters. On one occasion, about 20 years after he'd left, some photos were enclosed, including a snap of a handsome man in his thirties. My mother placed it on the mantelpiece and every New Year from then on, we would stand in front of the photo and toast to my brother's well-being. Decades later, he came to visit us and we excitedly told him about our ritual. We showed him the photo. "That's not me," he said. "Who is it then?" "Can't remember." We burst out laughing For the past 48 years, we had fondly drunk to the health of a total stranger." d. I was out walking my four-year-old granddaughter when I spotted a flattened hedgehog on the road. I prepared myself for tears and upset. However, my young charge glanced admonishingly at the squashed creature, shook her head seriously and said, "Well, he didn't hold his mummy's hand, did he?" e. Having had enough of driving, my husband and I decided to pull up at a motel. The desk clerk offered us what sounded like two identical rooms. The catch: One was $59 a night and the other was $79. "Why is one $20 more?" I asked. His explanation? "Free cable TV." |