資料No. : NS080827
I-1 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題 (1) TOEIC 1. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Due to the worsening economy, many small and medium-sized companies have gone _______. (A) bankruptcy (B) bankrupt (C) banking (D) banker 2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 _______ may emerge a new party capable of taking power from the present government. (A) They (B) Their (C) Theirs (D) There 3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The police _______ the demonstration on the grounds that it might lead to violence. (A) have banned (B) has ban (C) banning (D) are ban 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 She just didn't have _______ to ask for a raise. (A) the nerve (B) the plan (C) the gut (D) the feel 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 I was happy that I _______ work so early this afternoon. (A) got there (B) got home (C) got off (D) got in 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 New York's Big Apple Bank _______ that 75 scheduled layoffs have been avoided. (A) described (B) spoke (C) told (D) announced 7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 I couldn't believe how _______ Tom solved the puzzle. (A) haste (B) speedy (C) quickly (D) swift 8. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The founder of the corporation was a woman ----- ambition knew no bounds. (A) that (B) her (C) whose (D) of 9. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 There were so many signs posted at that interchange that I came out of it hopelessly -----. (A) confuse (B) confused (C) confusing (D) confusion 10. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 As reluctant as we are to sell the property, everyone agrees that we have no -----. (A) alteration (B) alternative (C) alternator (D) alternation 11. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 She started A)using computers B)for six years ago, and now she is extremely C)knowledgeable D)on the subject. 12. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 Now that government funding A)has increased, it's only B)a matter of time C)that a practical, battery-driven automobile D)is developing. 13. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 A)Should you experience B)any trouble C)with this product, please do not hesitate to D)contacting us for technical support. (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 During the 17th century, wars of religion became less important in world history, replaced by ----- for the financial and political interests of individual sovereigns. (A) to fight (B) fight (C) fighting (D) fought 2. 空所補充問題む Arctic dogs include a number of ----- breeds such as the Siberian husky, the Finnish spitz and the Samoyed. (A) sturdy (B) sturdily (C) sturdiness (D) sturdying 3. 空所補充問題 Mexican President Adolfo Ruiz Cortines took office on December 1, 1952 ----- a member of the ruling P.R.I. party. (A) as (B) of (C) to (D) at 4. 空所補充問題 The Byzantine Empire, a continuation of the Roman Empire in the Middle Ages, was also known as the East Roman Empire ----- it ruled what had been the eastern part of the Roman Empire. (A) because (B) although (C) in spite of (D) in keeping with 5. 空所補充問題 Not long after Thomas Jefferson took office as U.S. President in 1801, he began working on plans for an expedition ----- the vast wilderness of what is now the northwestern United States. (A) did explore (B) explore (C) explored (D) to explore 6. 正誤問題 Farmers (A)store grain (B)in grain elevators, (C)largely, tall buildings (D)with compartmented interiors. 7. 正誤問題 French composer and (A)piano Francis Poulenc was (B)particularly noted (C)for his composition of (D)vocal music. 8. 正誤問題 (A)The highest of all the mountains (B)in the Western Hemisphere (C)are Aconcagua in the Andes (D)range of South America. 9. 正誤問題 It was (A)a historic moment in 1954 (B)when Roger Bannister became the first person (C)to run a mile in less than 4 minutes, (D)he was finishing a race in Oxford, England in 3 minutes, 59.4 seconds. 10. 正誤問題 (A)Most medieval manor houses and monasteries were furnished (B)to a great hall, a main chamber (C)in which common meals were (D)taken. I-2 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題解答 (1) TOEIC 1. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Due to the worsening economy, many small and medium-sized companies have gone _______. (A) bankruptcy (B) bankrupt (C) banking (D) banker 訳:経済の悪化により、多くの中小企業が破産している。 ※正解(B)。【文構造】companies (S) have gone (V) はすぐにわかる。 【着眼点】「破産する」にあたる英語に何度か触れていながら、goと結びつくのが (A) か (B) かに迷う人は意外に多い。goは「になる型」の不完全自動詞のときは、Cに名詞をとらないのが原則(Cを選ばせる問題では正解が形容詞であるケースが非常に多いことも参考にできる)。語源の知識がなくても、 (A) と (B) のどちらに形容詞的響きが強いか大体の予想はつくだろう。軍配は (B) に上がる。bankruptcyの-cyは抽象名詞を作る接尾辞。 2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 _______ may emerge a new party capable of taking power from the present government. (A) They (B) Their (C) Theirs (D) There 訳:現政府から政権を奪える新しい政党が現れるかもしれない。 ※正解(D)。【文構造】capable以下は後ろからpartyを修飾している形容詞句で修飾要素(M)。「may emerge=V」は明白だが、問題はpartyがSかOかCかということ。TheyやTheirsを選ぶと形はSVO(またはC)に見える。しかしemergeは完全自動詞なのでこの2つは無理。(B) のTheirs(所有格代名詞)がVを従えるのはおかしい。したがって正解は (D) で、may emerge が V で party が S の there 構文となる。 【注意】there構文に生ずるVは、appear, be, begin, come, emerge, exist, happen, lie, live, occur, stand などが一般的。 3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The police _______ the demonstration on the grounds that it might lead to violence. (A) have banned (B) has ban (C) banning (D) are ban 訳:警察は暴動に発展しかねないという理由でそのデモを禁止した。 ※正解(A)。【着眼点】主語のpoliceは警官(policeman, policewoman, police officer)の集合体を表す集合名詞。集合名詞は、[1]その集合体を一単位と考えて単数扱いする場合と、[2]逆に集合体の個々の成員のほうを強く意識するため、語形上は単数形でも複数で扱われる場合とがある。ただし、このpoliceに関してはふつう [2]の用法のみで用いられる。 【選択肢】ban(=禁止する)は動詞。述語動詞として通るのは (A) のみ。 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 She just didn't have _______ to ask for a raise. (A) the nerve (B) the plan (C) the gut (D) the feel 訳:彼女には賃上げを要求する度胸がなかっただけです。 ※正解(A)。(A)か(C)で迷いそう。have the nerve は「神経が図太いこと」。gut は「内臓」。複数形 guts には「ガッツ、根性」の意がある。 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 I was happy that I _______ work so early this afternoon. (A) got there (B) got home (C) got off (D) got in 訳:今日の午後はこんなに早く仕事が済んで嬉しい。 ※正解(C)。happy なのは「仕事が済んだ」時。「…から離れる」のニュアンスを持つものを考える。日本語でも「オフ」という語は使う。 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 New York's Big Apple Bank _______ that 75 scheduled layoffs have been avoided. (A) described (B) spoke (C) told (D) announced 訳:ニューヨークのビッグアップル銀行は、予定されていた 75 人の解雇は回避することができたと発表した。 ※正解(D)。単語力が勝負となる。それぞれ動詞の意味を理解していないと苦しい。(A)の described は「描写する」。 7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 I couldn't believe how _______ Tom solved the puzzle. (A) haste (B) speedy (C) quickly (D) swift 訳:トムがあんなに速くパズルを解くなんて信じられなかった。 ※正解(C)。「速く」は副詞でなければならない。(B)は speedily、(D)は swiftly であれば考えうる。 8. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The founder of the corporation was a woman ----- ambition knew no bounds. (A) that (B) her (C) whose (D) of 訳:その会社の創設者は、限りない野望を抱いた女性だった。 ※正解(C)。解説 後ろに ambition knew no bounds( 野望は限界を知らなかった ) という完結した文が続くため、所有格の関係代名詞である (C) の whose が入ると分かる。 9. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 There were so many signs posted at that interchange that I came out of it hopelessly -----. (A) confuse (B) confused (C) confusing (D) confusion 訳:そのインターチェンジには、とても多くの標識が出ていたので、私はどうしようもなく混乱して、そこから出た。 ※正解(B)。解説 so 〜 that... (とても〜なので……)の構文である。 that 以下は I came out of it (私はそこから出た)という完結した文なので、 hopelessly 以下は状況を表す分詞構文と考えればよい。意味上の主語は I (私は)なので、 (B) の confused (困惑させられた、困惑した)を選ぶ。 10. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 As reluctant as we are to sell the property, everyone agrees that we have no -----. (A) alteration (B) alternative (C) alternator (D) alternation 訳:不動産を売ることは気が進まないが、ほかに道がないということは全員が認めている。 ※正解(B)。解説 (A) の alteration は「変更」、 (B) の alternative は「代替案」、 (C) の alternator は「(自動車などの)交流発電機」、 (D) の alternation は「交代」という意味で、 (B) 以外は不適切。アメリカ英語では「 As +形容詞など+ as +主語+動詞」の形で譲歩を表すこともあり、 As reluctant as we are は「気が進まないが」という意味になる。 11. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 She started A)using computers B)for six years ago, and now she is extremely C)knowledgeable D)on the subject. 訳:彼女は6年前にコンピューターを使い始めて、今やコンピューターの話題には非常に精通している。 ※正解(B)。解説 副詞 ago ( [ 今から ] 〜前に)があるので、前置詞 for は不要。よって正解は (B) 。 (A) は start -ing で「〜し始める」という意味を表すため、正しい。また、 (C)knowledgeable は「精通している、博識な」、 (D) の on は「〜について」を意味しており、いずれも正しい。 12. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 Now that government funding A)has increased, it's only B)a matter of time C)that a practical, battery-driven automobile D)is developing. 訳:政府の財政的な支援が増加したので、実用的な電動自動車が開発されるのは、もう時間の問題である。 解説 主節は、 that 以下の内容を形式主語 it が受けている形。 (D) では develop が「(新製品など)を開発する」という意味で使われているので、 is developed と受動態にしなくてはならない。 only a matter of time は「単なる時間の問題」という意味、 driven は drive ([動力などが機械]を動かす)の過去分詞形である。 13. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 A)Should you experience B)any trouble C)with this product, please do not hesitate to D)contacting us for technical support. 訳:万一、この製品に不具合がありましたら、何でも遠慮なくテクニカル・サポートにご連絡ください。 ※正解(D)。解説 do not hesitate to 〜で「遠慮なく〜する」という意味。よって、 (D) は原形の contact にしなくてはならない。 Should you... は If you should... の文語的な用法で、「万一にも……」を表す。 trouble([ 機械などの ] 故障、不調 ) は数えられない名詞扱いであることに注意する。また、 for technical support の for は「〜を得るために」という意味。 (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 During the 17th century, wars of religion became less important in world history, replaced by ----- for the financial and political interests of individual sovereigns. (A) to fight (B) fight (C) fighting (D) fought ※正解(C)。【解説】 空所の前には前置詞byがあるので、不定詞to fight、動詞foughtは使えない。また、fight「戦い」は可算名詞なのでこのままでは空所に入れることはできない。正解は動名詞fightingである。sovereign「主権者、国王」。 2. 空所補充問題む Arctic dogs include a number of ----- breeds such as the Siberian husky, the Finnish spitz and the Samoyed. (A) sturdy (B) sturdily (C) sturdiness (D) sturdying ※正解(A)。【解説】 breedsとは「動物の品種」のことである。名詞breedsの前に来るのは形容詞 sturdy「丈夫な、頑健な」である。 3. 空所補充問題 Mexican President Adolfo Ruiz Cortines took office on December 1, 1952 ----- a member of the ruling P.R.I. party. (A) as (B) of (C) to (D) at ※正解(A)。【解説】 空所の後にa member of... が来ている点に注目。asを使えば、「……のメンバーとして」という意味になる。 4. 空所補充問題 The Byzantine Empire, a continuation of the Roman Empire in the Middle Ages, was also known as the East Roman Empire ----- it ruled what had been the eastern part of the Roman Empire. (A) because (B) although (C) in spite of (D) in keeping with ※正解(A)。【解説】 空所の後にit ruled ... と文が続いているので、in spite ofとin keeping withは使えない。空所以下では理由を述べているので正解は(A) becauseになる。 5. 空所補充問題 Not long after Thomas Jefferson took office as U.S. President in 1801, he began working on plans for an expedition ----- the vast wilderness of what is now the northwestern United States. (A) did explore (B) explore (C) explored (D) to explore ※正解(D)。【解説】 問題文の主文の主語はhe、動詞はbeganである。したがって、空所にdid explore、explore、exploredを入れると動詞がダブることになる。ここは不定詞to exploreを使う。 6. 正誤問題 Farmers (A)store grain (B)in grain elevators, (C)largely, tall buildings (D)with compartmented interiors. ※正解(C)。【解説】 largely → large。【解説】store「蓄える」という意味の動詞。前置詞inとwithの用法に問題はない。largelyはtallに合わせて形容詞largeにする。compartmented「仕切られた」。 7. 正誤問題 French composer and (A)piano Francis Poulenc was (B)particularly noted (C)for his composition of (D)vocal music. ※正解(A)。【解説】 piano → pianist。pianoはどう見てもおかしい。pianoはpianistにしなくてはいけない。 8. 正誤問題 (A)The highest of all the mountains (B)in the Western Hemisphere (C)are Aconcagua in the Andes (D)range of South America. ※正解(C)。【解説】 are → is。最上級highestの前のThe、前置詞inの用法に問題はない。areはこの文の主語The highestに呼応してisになる。rangeは「山脈」の意味。 9. 正誤問題 It was (A)a historic moment in 1954 (B)when Roger Bannister became the first person (C)to run a mile in less than 4 minutes, (D)he was finishing a race in Oxford, England in 3 minutes, 59.4 seconds. ※正解(D)。【解説】 he was → カット。可算名詞momentの前の冠詞a、whenの用法に問題はない。the first person to... で「……した初めての人」の意味。when節の主語と動詞はRoger Bannister becameなので、he wasは不要である。 10. 正誤問題 (A)Most medieval manor houses and monasteries were furnished (B)to a great hall, a main chamber (C)in which common meals were (D)taken. ※正解(B)。【解説】 to → with。be furnished to... に注目。「……が備え付けられている」という意味にするには、前置詞はtoではなくwithを用いる。 II.時事英文 Women Span Hurdles in World Politics (その6;全7回シリーズ) A new generation of female politicians? Most experts agree that women's organizations around the world should foster political participation in younger women to build a pool of future leaders. American University's Sarah Brewer suggests that current women leaders could inspire adolescent girls and help forge a new generation of female politicians. "Women's representation and their make-up as public decision makers still is far beneath what it should be, based on our expectations of representative forms of democracy," says Brewer. "And I think that there is a hypothesis to be tested that with the increase of women in these visible political positions of power. [President Ellen] Johnson Sirleaf in Liberia and [Chancellor Angela] Merkel in Germany, and even [House of Representatives] Speaker [Nancy] Pelosi here in the U.S. will this change younger women's understanding of themselves politically in their imaginations about what's possible for their own careers?" III - a. 雑知識
III-b. 英語のことわざ ◆Opportunity seldom knocks twice◆ This is another proverb that encourages action. If you have the opportunity to do something that you want to do, you should do it -- now. Otherwise you will not get a chance to do it again. It is very rare that you get a second chance. "Seldom" means "not often." The "knock" is a little more difficult to explain. Imagine "opportunity" as a person. He comes to your house and he "knocks" on your door. If you tell him that you're not interested, he will probably not come back, he will probably not knock on your door again. III -c. 英語でどう言う? 健康診断を受ける get a physical checkup 【例文】We are required to get a regular physical checkup two times a year. 医者に診てもらう see a doctor 【例文】You look pale. Go and see a doctor. 入院する be hospitalized 【例文】My uncle will be hospitalized for his stomach trouble. 手術を受ける have surgery 【例文】Her younger brother had surgery for an appendicitis. III-d 今週のイディオム be out like a light (疲れて)すぐに寝てしまう (go to sleep very quickly because you're very tired) 電灯(light)がぱっと消えてしまうように眠り込むという意味で使われる表現。このoutには「意識を失って」という意味もあります。go out like a lightという形でも使われます。 After swimming all day, the kids were out like a light on the ride home. (一日中泳いだ後、子どもたちは帰りの車の中ですぐに寝てしまった) John was so exhausted. As soon as his head touched the pillow, he went out like a light. (ジョンはくたくただった。枕に頭を乗せたとたんに、眠り込んでしまった) After working straight hours on a night shift yesterday, I was out like a light as soon as I got into bed. (私は昨日、夜勤で8時間ずっと働いたので、床に入ったらすぐに寝てしまった) IV. Jokes a. An unemployed man looks at his pregnant wife's stomach and declares, "When you come out of there, you're going to see a man with a great job." "Of course," his wife says, "the doctor." b. Why did the young chicken cross the playground? To get to the other slide. c. "Pour me a double whisky, I've just had an argument with my wife," Mike tells Charlie the bartender. "Oh, yeah?" says Charlie. "Who won?" "Put it like this," says Mike. "When it was all said and done, she came crawling to me on her hands and knees." "Really?" says Charlie. "What did she say?" " 'Come out from the bed you sniveling little coward.' " d. A woman went to the hospital and was seen by a young doctor. After several minutes, she started screaming and ran out. An older doctor asked her what the problem was and she told him. He calmed her down, then marched off to see the young doctor. "What's wrong with you?" he asked. "Mrs. Tomkins is 72 years old, she has four adult children and seven grandchildren and you told her she was pregnant?" The young doctor, without even looking up, said, "Does she still have the hiccups?" |