資料No. : NS080730
I-1 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題 (1) TOEIC 1. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 If I were going to college, _______ live on campus. (A) I'd (B) I'll (C) I had (D) I did 2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 When do you think _______ boys will be done with the game? (A) them (B) that (C) those (D) they're 3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Since I didn't speak Russian, I could barely make myself _______. (A) communicative (B) understanding (C) communication (D) understood 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 We recommend that _______ a higher grade of steel. (A) you use (B) you are using (C) you to use (D) you used 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 You _______ to try that new Thai restaurant across from the bank. (A) should (B) always (C) ought (D) could 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Reducing manufacturing expenses is our number one _______. (A) priority (B) prediction (C) probability (D) promotion 7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 We take great pride _______ the opening of our Singapore office. (A) to expand (B) to announce (C) in concluding (D) in announcing 8. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 His success shows that the ability to learn a language has nothing to do ----- being a good student. (A) about (B) with (C) for (D) in 9. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Even though he begged her repeatedly, she -----. (A) rejected (B) denied (C) turned down (D) refused 10. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Although the salary cannot be compared, teaching is far ----- than administration. (A) more a rewarding career (B) more rewarding career (C) more rewarding a career (D) a more rewarding career 11. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 A)Although we come from different countries and backgrounds, we are all here for the B)similar reason: C)the desire to protect the D)environment. 12. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 In order to A)clarify my invention, I have enclosed B)a set of drawings C)show the device D)from different angles. 13. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 The meeting of the board A)was proceeded B)despite the frequent C)disturbances D)caused by the protest outside. (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 Runes, the written characters of the earliest alphabet used by the Germanic peoples in Europe, ----- back to the 200's A.D. (A) date (B) dates (C) dating (D) to date 2. 空所補充問題 The 17th-century Irish scientist Robert Boyle is considered by many ----- the founder of modern chemistry. (A) is being (B) is (C) to be (D) being 3. 空所補充問題 ----- ordinary oxygen molecules have two oxygen atoms, ozone molecules have three. (A) While (B) When (C) Which (D) Why 4. 空所補充問題 The International Space Station, was originally planned ----- fully operational in 2004. (A) became (B) to become (C) becomes (D) becoming 5. 空所補充問題 About $145 million ----- spent on oil exploration in Saskatchewan in 1953. (A) to be (B) been (C) were (D) was 6. 正誤問題 Large (A)amounts of electric power (B)is controlled (C)with a device (D)called a magnetic amplifier. 7. 正誤問題 (A)In order to sustain life, (B)an organism must be able to maintain a stable set of conditions inside (C)their own body -- a condition (D)known as homeostasis. 8. 正誤問題 (A)The third (B)larger city in Panama is Colon, (C)with (D)a population of about 60,000. 9. 正誤問題 In 1908, Glenn H. Curtiss (A)made the first official public flight in the United States of (B)over than 1 kilometer, (C)helping to prove (D)that airplanes could be useful. 10. 正誤問題 (A)Substances that share distinctive characteristics (B)with both liquids and crystals are called liquid crystal, and (C)has a number of important practical (D)applications. I-2 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題解答 (1) TOEIC 1. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 If I were going to college, _______ live on campus. (A) I'd (B) I'll (C) I had (D) I did 訳:もし大学に行くとすれば、キャンパス内に住みます。 ※正解(A)。仮定法過去の文型。助動詞の過去形が必要。 2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 When do you think _______ boys will be done with the game? (A) them (B) that (C) those (D) they're 訳:あの男の子たちはいつゲームを終えると思いますか ※正解(C)。(A)them は文法的につながらない。boys が複数形であるから、(B)that も不可。 3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Since I didn't speak Russian, I could barely make myself _______. (A) communicative (B) understanding (C) communication (D) understood 訳:私はロシア語を話さないので、あまり自分の意思を伝えられませんでした。 ※正解(D)。make はここでは「…にする」の意味。myself は understanding「理解している」の側ではなく、understood「理解されている」の側のはずです。 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 We recommend that _______ a higher grade of steel. (A) you use (B) you are using (C) you to use (D) you used 訳:もっと質の高い鋼鉄を使用することをお勧めします。 ※正解(A)。recommend「勧める、薦める」のように人に何かを勧める意味の動詞や、他人に何かを要求する意味の動詞が目的語に that 節をとる場合、that 以下が主語+動詞の原形をとります。このような動詞の代表的なものには demand, urge, request などがあります。 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 You _______ to try that new Thai restaurant across from the bank. (A) should (B) always (C) ought (D) could 訳:銀行の向かい側の新しいタイ料理レストランに行ってみるべきです。 ※正解(C)。文中、空所の後ろの to が最大のポイントです。should や could といった助動詞は後ろが動詞の原形のはずです。 副詞 always の場合も to は不要です。ought to ... でひとつの助動詞扱いで、「…すべきである」の意味。 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Reducing manufacturing expenses is our number one _______. (A) priority (B) prediction (C) probability (D) promotion 訳:製造コストの削減が我々の第一の優先課題です。 ※正解(A)。ボキャブラリーの問題。priority「優先、優先課題」。prediction「予測」。probability「可能性」。promotion「促進、昇格」。 7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 We take great pride _______ the opening of our Singapore office. (A) to expand (B) to announce (C) in concluding (D) in announcing 訳:当社シンガポール支店の開店を発表することは大変な誇りです。 ※正解(D)。expand the opening of ...「開店を拡大する」では意味の上で不可。「発表する」の意味の announce が適切ですが、「誇りに思う」の take pride は通常 take pride in ... の形で用います。 8. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 His success shows that the ability to learn a language has nothing to do ----- being a good student. (A) about (B) with (C) for (D) in 訳:彼の成功によって、言語を学ぶ能力は有能な学生であることとは関係がないことが分かった。 ※正解(B)。解説 前後の文脈から判断して、 have nothing to do with 〜(〜と関係がない)となるよう、 (B) を選ぶ。 9. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Even though he begged her repeatedly, she -----. (A) rejected (B) denied (C) turned down (D) refused 訳:彼は彼女に何度も頼んだが、彼女は拒否した。 ※正解(D)。解説 選択肢はすべて「拒否」を表す動詞だが、ここでは空所の後に目的語が続かないため、自動詞が入ると判断できる。 (D) の refused 以外は他動詞であるため、正解は (D) 。 10. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Although the salary cannot be compared, teaching is far ----- than administration. (A) more a rewarding career (B) more rewarding career (C) more rewarding a career (D) a more rewarding career 訳:給料は比較にならないが、教職は経営よりもはるかにやりがいのある職業である。 ※正解(C)。解説 「(一生の仕事とする専門的)職業」を表す career は可算名詞のため、冠詞が必要となる。また、形容詞 rewarding を far more が修飾しているため、 (A) や (D) の位置に冠詞が入るのは不適切。よって正解は (C) の more rewarding a career となる。 11. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 A)Although we come from different countries and backgrounds, we are all here for the B)similar reason: C)the desire to protect the D)environment. 訳:私たちは出身国も経歴も違うが、みんな同じ理由でここにいる。つまり、自然環境を守りたいと願っているのだ。 ※正解(B)。解説 (B) の similar は「同種の、同類の、よく似た」という意味だが、限定的に用いられるときは定冠詞を伴なわない。よって、ここでは similar ではなく、「同一の、同じ」という意味を表す same が適切。 12. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 In order to A)clarify my invention, I have enclosed B)a set of drawings C)show the device D)from different angles. 訳:私の発明品を理解しやすくするために、装置を別の角度から見せている図面をひと組、同封しました。 ※正解(C)。解説 I have enclosed a set of drawings (私は図面をひと組、同封しました)が主文である。 show 以下で「どんな drawings か」を説明していると考えれば、 (C) は showing 、あるいは関係代名詞 that[which] を使って that[which] shows the device... などとしなくてはならない。 13. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 The meeting of the board A)was proceeded B)despite the frequent C)disturbances D)caused by the protest outside. 訳:外で行われている抗議によって引き起こされた度重なる騒ぎにもかかわらず、委員会の会議は続けられた。 ※正解(A)。解説 proceed は「(事が)続行される」という意味の自動詞なので、受動態にすることはできない。 proceeded とする。 despite (〜にもかかわらず)は前置詞なので、後には名詞句が続くことに注意する。 (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 Runes, the written characters of the earliest alphabet used by the Germanic peoples in Europe, ----- back to the 200's A.D. (A) date (B) dates (C) dating (D) to date ※正解(A)。【解説】 空所にはこの文の動詞が入ることになる。主語がRunes「ルーン文字(複数形)」になっているので、(A) dateが正解。date back to... 「……にさかのぼる」。 2. 空所補充問題 The 17th-century Irish scientist Robert Boyle is considered by many ----- the founder of modern chemistry. (A) is being (B) is (C) to be (D) being ※正解(C)。【解説】 動詞is consideredの後に来るのは? to be... である。これで「……だとみなされている」の意味になる。founder「創始者」。 3. 空所補充問題 ----- ordinary oxygen molecules have two oxygen atoms, ozone molecules have three. (A) While (B) When (C) Which (D) Why ※正解(A)。【解説】 カンマを挟んで2つ並んでいるのでWhichとWhyを空所に入れると前後の文が繋がらない。Whenでは意味が通らない。While「……する一方で」を使えばいい。molecule「分子」。 4. 空所補充問題 The International Space Station, was originally planned ----- fully operational in 2004. (A) became (B) to become (C) becomes (D) becoming ※正解(B)。【解説】 was originally planned... 受け身の後に不定詞to becomeを続ければ「もともと……する計画になっていた」の意味になる。operational「使用できる、機能を果たす」。 5. 空所補充問題 About $145 million ----- spent on oil exploration in Saskatchewan in 1953. (A) to be (B) been (C) were (D) was ※正解(D)。【解説】 to be、beenが使えないのはすぐにわかる。About $145 millionは単数扱いなので正解は(D) wasになる。exploration「調査、探査」。 6. 正誤問題 Large (A)amounts of electric power (B)is controlled (C)with a device (D)called a magnetic amplifier. ※正解(B)。【解説】 is → are。Largeの前に冠詞がないのでamountsは複数形のままでいい。それに呼応してisはareになる。前置詞withに問題はない。calledの前にはthat/which isが略されている。 7. 正誤問題 (A)In order to sustain life, (B)an organism must be able to maintain a stable set of conditions inside (C)their own body -- a condition (D)known as homeostasis. ※正解(C)。【解説】 their → its。目的を表すIn order to... に問題はない。organism「有機体、生物」は加算名詞。theirはorganismを指すのでitsにしなくてはいけない。known as... 「……として知られている」。homeostasis「定常性」。 8. 正誤問題 (A)The third (B)larger city in Panama is Colon, (C)with (D)a population of about 60,000. ※正解(B)。【解説】 larger → largest。「3番目に大きい」はThe third largest... と最上級を用いる。 9. 正誤問題 In 1908, Glenn H. Curtiss (A)made the first official public flight in the United States of (B)over than 1 kilometer, (C)helping to prove (D)that airplanes could be useful. ※正解(B)。【解説】 over than → more than。動詞made、分詞helping、接続詞thatの用法に問題はない。「……以上」はover thanではなくmore thanである。 10. 正誤問題 (A)Substances that share distinctive characteristics (B)with both liquids and crystals are called liquid crystal, and (C)has a number of important practical (D)applications. ※正解(C)。【解説】 has → have。substance「物質」、application「応用」は共に加算名詞。前置詞withに問題はない。hasはSubstancesに呼応してhaveになる。 II.時事英文 Women Span Hurdles in World Politics (その3;全7回シリーズ) Some experts say that kind of scrutiny sometimes deters women from running for office, while qualified women often lack the confidence to field themselves as political contenders. But Kristin Haffert says there are other hurdles that women candidates need to negotiate. "They are the same everywhere in the world -- lack of family support, lack of support from political parties, difficulty accessing financial resources. Confidence does play a role and, in fact, I was just in Lesotho where several of the women [candidates] told me that they had chosen to run [in last year's parliamentary elections] because it was men who asked them to run. Women do need to be asked to run. But they do have the same political drive [as men]," says Haffert. "They have multiple responsibilities and oftentimes they are pulled between their families and politics. But the ones that have been successful can tell you how they've been able to balance everything." III - a. 雑知識
III-b. 英語のことわざ ◆Scratch my back and I'll scratch yours◆ Imagine that you want someone to do something for you. You ask them to help you. They agree, but only if you will help them in return. So they might say, "Scratch my back and I'll scratch yours." Or "Do something for me, and I'll do something for you." III-c. 英語の新語 ◆Tweenie◆ Tweenies, or tweens, are children aged between 10 and 15. They are called this because they are neither adults nor children, they are between childhood and adulthood. "Tween" comes from the second syllable of "be-tween." III -d. 英語でどう言う? デートに誘う ask someone ont 【例文】I asked Jane out over the telephone and she accepted. (デートの約束を)すっぽかす stand someone up 【例文】I was supposed to have a date with Dorothy, but she stood me up. ふられる get dumped 【例文】I got dumped by Alan for no reason. コンパをする Have a get-together 【例文】Let's have a welcoming get-together for the freshman. III-e 今週のイディオム laugh off 笑い飛ばす、笑ってごまかす (dismiss something lightly as of no importance) 困難な状況を笑いとばしたり、きまり悪さなどを笑ってごまかす場合に使われます。副詞の0ffには「すっかり、完全に」の意味があるので、「一笑に付す」という場合にも用いることができます。 Sharon laughed off criticism of her work because she was so confident of her ability. (シャロンは自分の能力に相当な自信があったので、仕事への批判を笑いとばした) Don't just laugh off their concerns. This may be a serious problem. (彼らの不安を笑いとばしたらだめだ。これは深刻な問題かもしれないよ) John laughed off rumors that he would be running for mayor. (ジョンは市長に立候補するといううわさを笑ってごまかした) IV. Jokes a. Recently, our pastor fell asleep at the wheel and awoke just as he side-swiped a guardrail. When he got home, his wife peppered him with questions, trying to figure out what had happened. "Were you sleepy when you started to drive?" she asked. "No," he answered. "Then how did you fell asleep?" "I'm not sure," he said. "There I was, going over my sermon …" b. After giving me the usual instructions, my daughter, Natasha, went out for the evening while I babysat my three-year-old grandson, Nicholas. Upon her return, Natasha asked if things had gone well. "Yes, Mummy," Nicholas promptly replied. "Grandma did everything you said!" c. Danny, my three-year-old son, came running in from outside screaming, "There's a bee out there!" Since he seemed to be fine, I said, "It didn't sting you, did it?" "No!" he said, "but it looked at me!" d. My fun-looking friend came back from the hospital with some bad news: He had diabetes. "The doctor told me to change my diet and stop drinking wine," he said. "I'm sorry to hear that," I said. "What are you going to do?" He shrugged. "Change doctors." e. I was helping a friend of mine with his roadside farm stand when a man stopped by and asked how much the eggs were. "Sixty cents for the small, 70 cents for the medium, 90 cents for the large and 30 cents for the cracked ones," I answered. "All right," he said. "Crack me a dozen of the large ones." |