資料No. : NS080723
I-1 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題 (1) TOEIC 1. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The new president _______ increase R&D spending. (A) provides for (B) intends to (C) rejects the (D) supports an 2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 _______ you have made the copies, please take them down to accounting. (A) While (B) After (C) During (D) Before 3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 In this _______ case, the difficulty seems to lie with the shippers. (A) exactly (B) probably (C) also (D) particular 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 _______ you been able to install the software yet? (A) Had (B) Will (C) Were (D) Have 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 As you _______ imagine, we are very worried about the delay. (A) can (B) will (C) perhaps (D) ever 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The contract was mailed the day _______ yesterday, so it should arrive soon. (A) after (B) beside (C) next (D) before 7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 My daughter plans _______ a psychology course next semester. (A) to learn (B) to take (C) to apply (D) to study 8. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Seldom ----- an employee that has contributed so much to the company in the span of a single year. (A) we have seen (B) have we seen (C) we had seen (D) we had to see 9. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Since he was twenty minutes late, I didn't see any reason to keep ----- any longer. (A) to wait (B) waited (C) waiting (D) to waiting 10. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Even after carefully saving his money all year, he's still a few hundred dollars ----- of his goal. (A) less (B) minus (C) below (D) short 11. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 It was (A)simply a matter of the (B)squeaky wheel (C)gets the (D)grease. 12. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 Could you (A)hang up for (B)a second and (C)I'll see (D)if she's in. 13. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 After the fight, he was (A)thrown out (B)of the bar and (C)spoke (D)never to return. (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 In 1916, William Edward Boeing helped ----- the Pacific Aero Products Company, which is now called the Boeing Company. (A) found (B) founded (C) founding (D) founds 2. 空所補充問題 Ancient Ethiopian soldiers, who protected their heads with the skulls of horses, complete with mane and ears, ----- the first people ever to use helmets. (A) they may be (B) may have been (C) maybe they were (D) may have 3. 空所補充問題 The most important German port serving the Baltic Sea is ----- Lubeck. (A) told (B) said (C) called (D) declared 4. 空所補充問題 Falling water is a country house designed by Frank Lloyd Wright ----- in with its surroundings, a waterfall in a wooded mountainside of Pennsylvania. (A) blend (B) blending (C) to blend (D) blends 5. 空所補充問題 Corrosion is the destruction of any material caused by the chemical action of a gas or liquid, while rust refers ----- to corrosion that occurs when iron is oxidized. (A) specific (B) specificity (C) specified (D) specifically 6. 正誤問題 The typical recording studio consists (A)of an acoustically sealed gallery (B)which the musicians play, and a control room (C)where the sound engineers record (D)and edit the music. 7. 正誤問題 In addition to (A)provide irrigation to farms in a number of states, the Colorado River also (B)supplies electricity for Arizona, California and Nevada from (C)a massive hydroelectric power plant (D)at the Hoover Dam near Las Vegas. 8. 正誤問題 Wilfred Owen (A)was a British poet and soldier in World War I (B)whose work (C)powerfully evoked the agony and (D)brutal of war. 9. 正誤問題 The famous cable cars of San Francisco are (A)so named because instead (B)of being individually motorized, (C)are pulled along their rails (D)by a moving cable under the street. 10. 正誤問題 Measles, (A)a disease (B)causes a pink rash (C)all over the body, is now readily (D)preventable. I-2 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題解答 (1) TOEIC 1. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The new president _______ increase R&D spending. (A) provides for (B) intends to (C) rejects the (D) supports an 訳:新しい社長は研究開発予算の増加を意図しています。 ※正解(B)。increase が「増加」の意味の名詞なのか、「増加させる」の意味の動詞なのかが問題。名詞であれば increase in R&D spending となるはず。前置詞 for や冠詞 the、an は名詞の前に置かれているはずです。 2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 _______ you have made the copies, please take them down to accounting. (A) While (B) After (C) During (D) Before 訳:コピーを取り終わったら、会計に持っていってください。 ※正解(B)。While や During は「…の間」の意味ですから、意味上不適切です。After か Before かの選択では、時間の前後関係を考えてみれば、難しい問題ではないはずです。 3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 In this _______ case, the difficulty seems to lie with the shippers. (A) exactly (B) probably (C) also (D) particular 訳:この特殊なケースでは、問題は輸出者側にあるように思えます。 ※正解(D)。lie with ... は「…に在る」。意味の上よりも、むしろ文法的に考えたほうが分かり易いでしょう。case という名詞を修飾するのは形容詞でなければなりません。 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 _______ you been able to install the software yet? (A) Had (B) Will (C) Were (D) Have 訳:もうソフトウェアのインストールは済みましたか。 ※正解(D)。software と install はすでに日本語と考えてもいいでしょう。yet があるところからも、この文の時制は明らかと言えるでしょう。Will であれば、be 動詞は原形 be でなければなりません。Were では be 動詞が二つになってしまいます。 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 As you _______ imagine, we are very worried about the delay. (A) can (B) will (C) perhaps (D) ever 訳:お察しいただけるように、当方では遅れを大変に心配しています。 ※正解(A)。文法的に助動詞が入ることは間違いなさそうです。ただし文法的に何が可能かを考える前に、As ..., の部分を見たことがあるか聞いたことがあることが重要です。多くの例文に接していれば必ずと言っていいほど出てくるはずの表現のひとつです。 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The contract was mailed the day _______ yesterday, so it should arrive soon. (A) after (B) beside (C) next (D) before 訳:契約書は一昨日郵送されましたので、直ぐに着くでしょう。 ※正解(D)。まずは文脈から the day ------- yesterday がひとつの時を表す表現であることを理解することが重要です。あとはひとつひとつの選択肢を入れてみて、意味をなすものを探しましょう。 7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 My daughter plans _______ a psychology course next semester. (A) to learn (B) to take (C) to apply (D) to study 訳:娘は来学期、心理学の授業を取る予定でいます. ※正解(B)。コロケーションの問題。"a psychology course"「心理学の授業」となっているので、「取る」の意味の動詞が必要です。単に psychology であれば、「勉強する」の意の learn や study も可能です。 8. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Seldom ----- an employee that has contributed so much to the company in the span of a single year. (A) we have seen (B) have we seen (C) we had seen (D) we had to see 訳:1年という期間で、これほど大きく会社に貢献した従業員はめったに見たことがない。 ※正解(B)。解説 ここでの Seldom (めったに〜しない)のように否定を表す副詞が文頭に来ると、その後は疑問文と同じ語順になる。よって正解は (B) の have we seen となる。 9. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Since he was twenty minutes late, I didn't see any reason to keep ----- any longer. (A) to wait (B) waited (C) waiting (D) to waiting 訳:彼が20分遅れたので、それ以上待ち続ける理由を見出せなかった。 ※正解(C)。解説 keep -ing は「〜し続ける」という意味となるため、( C )の waiting を選ぶ。 10. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Even after carefully saving his money all year, he's still a few hundred dollars ----- of his goal. (A) less (B) minus (C) below (D) short 訳:彼は1年がかりで慎重にお金を貯めたのに、まだ数百ドルは目標に不足している。 ※正解(D)。解説 「〜に不足している」は short of 〜で表すため、 (D) の short が正解。 11. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 It was (A)simply a matter of the (B)squeaky wheel (C)gets the (D)grease. 訳:それは単にごり押しが効くかどうかの問題であった。 ※正解(C)。gets → getting。matter<+ of>「問題、事、事柄」(B) squeaky「チューチュー(キーキー、キューキュー)いう」(D) grease「グリース(機械の摩擦・潤滑剤、ポマードなどの半固体の油性物質」)(B) (D) the squeaky wheel gets the grease「ごり押しをする」ofの後ろには(代)名詞または動名詞がくる。the squeaky wheelはここでは動名詞の意味上の主語。 12. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 Could you (A)hang up for (B)a second and (C)I'll see (D)if she's in. 訳:そのまま少々お待ちいただけますか。彼女がいるか見て参りますので。 ※正解(A)。hang up → hold on。hang up<+ on>「(〜に突然)電話を切る」hold on「(電話を)切らずにおく(待つ)」≪通例命令法で≫「ちょっと待て」 13. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 After the fight, he was (A)thrown out (B)of the bar and (C)spoke (D)never to return. 訳:喧嘩のあとで、彼はバーから締め出されて二度と来るなと言われた。 ※正解(C)。spoke → told。(C) and (was) told never to return≪受身≫「二度と戻ってこないように言われた」 (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 In 1916, William Edward Boeing helped ----- the Pacific Aero Products Company, which is now called the Boeing Company. (A) found (B) founded (C) founding (D) founds ※正解(A)。【解説】 helpの後に動詞を続ける場合には不定詞toが略される傾向があるので、正解は(A)ということになる。found「創設する」。 2. 空所補充問題 Ancient Ethiopian soldiers, who protected their heads with the skulls of horses, complete with mane and ears, ----- the first people ever to use helmets. (A) they may be (B) may have been (C) maybe they were (D) may have ※正解(B)。【解説】 空所にはこの文の動詞が入ることになるので、theyを含む(A)と(C)は除外できる。この文は過去の出来事に関する記述なので正解は(B) may have beenである。skull「頭蓋骨」、mane「(馬などの)たてがみ」。 3. 空所補充問題 The most important German port serving the Baltic Sea is ----- Lubeck. (A) told (B) said (C) called (D) declared ※正解(C)。【解説】 空所には「(Lubeck)と呼ばれている」という意味の動詞が入る。正解は(C)。declare「宣言する」。 4. 空所補充問題 Falling water is a country house designed by Frank Lloyd Wright ----- in with its surroundings, a waterfall in a wooded mountainside of Pennsylvania. (A) blend (B) blending (C) to blend (D) blends ※正解(C)。【解説】 a country house (which was) designed by Frank Lloyd Wright to blend in with... という構文にすれば文が成立する。blend in with... 「……と調和する」。 5. 空所補充問題 Corrosion is the destruction of any material caused by the chemical action of a gas or liquid, while rust refers ----- to corrosion that occurs when iron is oxidized. (A) specific (B) specificity (C) specified (D) specifically ※正解(D)。【解説】 空所にはto以下の前置詞句を修飾する副詞が入ることになる。refers specifically to... で「特に……に関連する、当てはまる」という意味になる。corrosion「腐食」、rust「さび」、oxidize「酸化させる」。 6. 正誤問題 The typical recording studio consists (A)of an acoustically sealed gallery (B)which the musicians play, and a control room (C)where the sound engineers record (D)and edit the music. ※正解(B)。【解説】 which → in which。consist of... で「……から成る」の意味。whichはin whichにしなければ前後の文が繋がらない。関係副詞where、接続詞andの用法に問題はない。 7. 正誤問題 In addition to (A)provide irrigation to farms in a number of states, the Colorado River also (B)supplies electricity for Arizona, California and Nevada from (C)a massive hydroelectric power plant (D)at the Hoover Dam near Las Vegas. ※正解(A)。【解説】 provide → providing。in addition toのtoは前置詞である。したがって、provideは動名詞providingにしなくてはいけない。suppliesはこの文の動詞。power plantは可算名詞である。前置詞atに問題はない。hydroelectric「水力発電の」。 8. 正誤問題 Wilfred Owen (A)was a British poet and soldier in World War I (B)whose work (C)powerfully evoked the agony and (D)brutal of war. ※正解(D)。【解説】 brutal → brutality。過去形wasと関係代名詞所有格whoseの用法に問題はない。powerfullyはevoke「呼び起こす」を修飾する副詞。brutalは形容詞なのでagony「苦痛」に合わせて名詞brutality「残忍性、無慈悲」にしなくてはいけない。 9. 正誤問題 The famous cable cars of San Francisco are (A)so named because instead (B)of being individually motorized, (C)are pulled along their rails (D)by a moving cable under the street. ※正解(C)。【解説】 are → they are。so namedで「そのように名付けられている」の意味。instead ofは前置詞なのbeing... に問題はない。areではなくthey areとしなくては文が成立しない。pulled... by 〜は受け身である。 10. 正誤問題 Measles, (A)a disease (B)causes a pink rash (C)all over the body, is now readily (D)preventable. ※正解(B)。【解説】 causes → that/which causes。disease「病気」は可算名詞。causesのままでは後にisがあるので動詞が2つになってしまう。that/which causesと関係代名詞を付け足せばこの問題が解決する。all over the body「体中に」、preventable「予防できる」。 II.時事英文 Women Span Hurdles in World Politics (その2;全7回シリーズ) Still, women make up only 18 percent of the world's legislators, according to the Inter-Parliamentary Union, the international organization of parliaments of sovereign states. That is partly due to cultural traditions and gender bias, says Kristin Haffert of the National Democratic Institute for International Affairs, a non-profit organization that advocates democracy worldwide. "Wherever you go, you still see a gender bias. Women are still held to a different standard and women are largely judged on their appearance, or at least that plays a factor. People have different expectations of male politicians and women politicians with regard to their level of preparedness," says Haffert. "So women are held to a higher degree of scrutiny." III - a. 雑知識
III-b. 英語のことわざ ◆Quickly come, quickly go◆ This proverb means that if something comes to you easily - without difficulty, without effort, without a lot of hard work - then it can be taken away easily too. A good example is probably money. This proverb also comes in the forms: "Easy come, easy go." III-c. 英語の新語 ◆Trophy child◆ A trophy child is a child who is used by his or her parents to impress other people and to raise the parents' status. These are children the parents can boast about. The may be because the child is very good at school work or at sport, or the child might go to a particularly good school. The term suggests that the parents are selfish, and think of the child only in terms of themselves. Also know as a trophy kids. III -d. 英語でどう言う? 川に飛び込む jump into the river 【例文】The boy jumped from the bridge into the river. テントを張る put up a tent 【例文】We put up a tent by the lake. 自炊する cook one's own meal 【例文】Each group of students is expected to cook its own meal at the camp-ground. たき火をする build a bonfire 【例文】We built a bonfire and sat around it. III-e 今週のイディオム not lift a finger (to do) 少しも〜する努力をしない (not make any effort to help someone with their work) 人を手助けするために「手」どころか「指」を上げることもしないという意味。怠けていたり、自己中心的だったり、あるいは不親切なために、何の努力もしない人を皮肉を込めて表現する場合に使われます。 He stood there watching me fix the car. He didn't lift a finger to help me. (彼は私が車を修理しているのをただ見ているだけで、少しも手を貸そうとしなかった) I do all the work around the house, but you never lift a finger. (私は家事をすべてやっているのに、きみはまったく手助けしてくれないね) Even when I'm in trouble, my father rarely lifts a finger to help with my homework. (私が困っていても、父はめったに宿題を手伝ってくれない) IV. Jokes a. Going to Charleston, South Carolina? Take a tour bus. One company promises to show you everything. Its brochure even boasts "See places that no longer exist." b. My former dorm mate Carl, who was studying to be a vet, was used to memorizing past lessons to prepare for the exams. Unfortunately, during one exam, his professor decided to go a less objective route. He brought in different kinds of fossilized animal feet and tasked the students to name the creatures just by looking at the feet. A frustrated Carl walked out. When the professor stopped him and asked for his name, Carl raised his pants to show his shins and retorted. "Now you tell me. Who am I?" c. Every day a woman stood on her porch and shouted, "Praise the Lord!" And every day the atheist next door yelled back. "There is no Lord!" One day she prayed. "Lord, I'm hungry. Please send me some groceries." The next morning she found a big bag of food on the stairs. "Praise the Lord," she shouted. "I told you there was no Lord," the neighbour said. "I bought those groceries." "Praise the Lord," said the woman. "He not only sent me groceries, he made the devil pay for them." d. Three sisters aged 92, 100 and 104 live in a house together. One night, the eldest sister draws a bath. She puts her foot in, pauses, and yells down the stairs, "Was I getting in or out of the bath?" The second sister yells back, "I don't know. I'll come up and see." She starts up the stairs, pauses, then yells, "Was I going up the stairs or down?" The third sister shakes her head. "I sure hope I never get that forgetful." she says, and proceeds to knock on wood for good measure. She then yells, "I'll come up and help the both of you as soon as I see who's at the door." |