資料No. : NS080709
I-1 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題 (1) TOEIC 1. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 They've all been _______ away already. (A) took (B) taken (C) taking (D) take 2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 That's the store _______ I bought it. (A) that (B) where (C) which (D) there 3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 His students _______ that his class was very boring. (A) continued (B) produced (C) complained (D) bothered 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 He carried himself with _______. (A) assured (B) assurance (C) assurances (D) assure 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 She was still wearing the _______ white dress. (A) flowering (B) flower (C) flowery (D) flowers 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The sight was simply _______. (A) with magnificence (B) magnificent (C) magnificently (D) magnificence 7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Are you sure that he's pronouncing it _______? (A) proper (B) with properness (C) proper way (D) properly 8. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Herman's secretary took some time off because of ----- last week. (A) her sick (B) she was sick (C) her illness (D) illness of hers 9. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 His father ----- him to study accounting. (A) encouraged (B) demanded (C) made (D) agreed 10. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The sudden storm forced the ----- of the company's golf tournament. (A) continuation (B) consideration (C) cannibalization (D) cancellation 11. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 She (A)to hold (B)herself to high (C)standards and is a (D)proper lady. 12. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 Many fans (A)were lined up (B)outside the ticket outlet (C)to wait to buy tickets (D)for the band's final performance. 13. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 The (A)Christmas (B)party is a (C)BYOB party that (D)is opening to all. (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 The bright red "flowers" of the poinsettia plant -----, technically speaking, not flowers at all, but groups of specialized leaves called bracts. (A) are (B) is (C) being (D) to be 2. 空所補充問題 Distinguishing ----- ordinary rheumatoid arthritis and dysfunction of the immune system requires extensive medical experience. (A) within (B) between (C) among (D) on 3. 空所補充問題 The most severe physical pains involved with the hunger response in humans ----- stomach cramps, or uncontrollable contractions of the stomach muscles. (A) is (B) to be (C) being (D) are 4. 空所補充問題 Potatoes are not native to Ireland, and corn -----. (A) is either (B) isn't neither (C) is neither (D) isn't either 5. 空所補充問題 Grass can grow ----- soil and climate conditions are sufficiently accommodating. (A) ever (B) whenever (C) every (D) never 6. 正誤問題 Calico is (A)a cotton fabric related (B)to chintz and percale (C)that it originated (D)in Calicut, India. 7. 正誤問題 (A)An armistice is a formal truce (B)in which both sides in a war agree to stop fighting for a specific purpose without (C)lying down (D)their arms entirely. 8. 正誤問題 (A)While the early 1940s, Nat "King" Cole was (B)considered to be one of the (C)leading jazz pianists of (D)his day. 9. 正誤問題 (A)However electronic computers had been in use (B)since the late 1940s, (C)they were not in widespread household use (D)until the late 1980s. 10. 正誤問題 Rodin's sculpture The Age of Bronze is a cast of a carving (A)so lifelike (B)that the artist was (C)initial accused of (D)having made a cast of a living person. I-2 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題解答 (1) TOEIC 1.Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 They've all been _______ away already. (A) took (B) taken (C) taking (D) take 訳:それらはもう持っていかれてしまいました。 ※正解(B)。They've (all) been に注目すると、 という完了時制であることがわかります。過去分詞 been の後に続く語は、(B) か (C) にしぼられます。take away は「〜を持ち去る」という他動詞句で目的語を伴うので、(C) は不可。受動態の完了時制となる (B) が正解になります。 2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 That's the store _______ I bought it. (A) that (B) where (C) which (D) there 訳:私がそれを買ったのはその店です。 ※正解(B)。That's the store. と I bought it there. の2文をつなぐ関係詞が入ります。the store を先行詞として接続詞と副詞の働きをする (B) の関係副詞 where が正解です。関係代名詞の (C) which を用いる場合、in which と前置詞が必要です。 3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 His students _______ that his class was very boring. (A) continued (B) produced (C) complained (D) bothered 訳:生徒たちは彼の授業はとても退屈だと文句を言った。 ※正解(C)。選択する動詞の目的語となる that 節の「授業がとても退屈だ(boring)」をヒントに、適切な語を選択します。(A) は「続けた」、(B) は 「生み出した」、(D) は 「困らせた」という意味です。(C) のcomplained「不平を言った」が文意に合います。 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 He carried himself with _______. (A) assured (B) assurance (C) assurances (D) assure 訳:彼は堂々と振る舞った。 ※正解(B)。withがついて副詞の働きをし、with assurance「確信をもって」という意味になります。名詞の複数形の (C) assurances はここでは適切ではありません。過去分詞の (A) assured、動詞 (D) assure は with の後にはきません。 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 She was still wearing the _______ white dress. (A) flowering (B) flower (C) flowery (D) flowers 訳:彼女は花柄の白い服をまだ着ていました。 ※正解(C)。空所には white dress を修飾する形容詞が入りますが。したがって、(B) flower、(D) flowers は不適切です。(A) の flowering も「花の咲く、花を開く」という意味の形容詞でここでは適切ではありません。(C) の flowery「花模様の」が正解になります。 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The sight was simply _______. (A) with magnificence (B) magnificent (C) magnificently (D) magnificence 訳:その眺めは実に見事だった。 ※正解(B)。第2文型の文で、空所に主語の補語となる語が入ることになります。前に副詞の simply があるので (A) with magnificence という副詞句や、副詞の (C) magnificently、(D) の名詞 magnificence「壮大さ」は不適切です。形容詞である (B) の magnificent「見事な」 が正解となります。 7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Are you sure that he's pronouncing it _______? (A) proper (B) with properness (C) proper way (D) properly 訳:本当に彼はそれを正しく発音していると思いますか? ※正解(D)。that 以下の従属節の動詞 pronounce を修飾する副詞が入ります。(A) proper には副詞の意味もありますが、「完全に、ひどく」という意味で文意が合いません。正解は (D) の副詞の properly「適切に」です。accurately を用いても同様の意味になります。 8. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Herman's secretary took some time off because of ----- last week. (A) her sick (B) she was sick (C) her illness (D) illness of hers 訳:ヘルマン氏の秘書は先週、病気のためにしばらく休んだ。 ※正解(C)。because of の後には名詞が来るべきなので、 (C) の her illness を選ぶ。 (A) 、 (B) の sick は「病気の」という意味の形容詞であることに注意。また、 (D) の illness of hers は冠詞( a 、 the )がないために当てはまらない 9. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 His father ----- him to study accounting. (A) encouraged (B) demanded (C) made (D) agreed 訳:父親は会計学を勉強するよう彼を励ました。 ※正解(A)。(A)encouraged (〜を励ました)、 (B)demanded (〜を要求した)、 (C)made (〜を作った)、 (D)agreed (〜ということを認めた)のうち、「動詞 + 〜 +to do 」の形を取れるのは (A) のみ。 10. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The sudden storm forced the ----- of the company's golf tournament. (A) continuation (B) consideration (C) cannibalization (D) cancellation 訳:突然の嵐のため、会社のゴルフトーナメントはキャンセルを余儀なくされた。 ※正解(D)。force は「〜を強いる」という意味。よって、 (A)continuation (継続)、 (B)consideration (考慮)、 (C)cannibalization (共食い)では意味が通らない。 (D)cancellation (キャンセル)が正解。 11. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 She (A)to hold (B)herself to high (C)standards and is a (D)proper lady. 訳:彼女は道徳水準の高い淑女です。 ※正解(A)。to hold → holds。(A) hold<+目+補>「(〜をある状態・位置に)保っておく」(D) proper「適切な、礼儀正しい、上品な」[ヒント]前半は単純なS + V + O (+C)の文型。 12. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 Many fans (A)were lined up (B)outside the ticket outlet (C)to wait to buy tickets (D)for the band's final performance. 訳:多くのファンがそのバンドの最終ライブチケットを買うために、切符売り場の外に列を作って待っていた。 ※正解(C)。to wait → waiting。(A) line up「並ぶ、(〜を)一列に並べる」outlet「出口、(特売商品の)販売代理店」[ヒント]「待って、待ちながら」分詞を使用。 13. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 The (A)Christmas (B)party is a (C)BYOB party that (D)is opening to all. 訳:そのクリスマスパーティは、だれでも参加していい「各自ボトル持参」のパーティだ。 ※正解(D)。is opening → is open。(C) BYOB = bring your own booze (bottle)「(パーティーの案内状などで)酒類各自持参のこと」(D) opening「開始、開会式」「初めの」open<+ to + (代)名「(〜に)開かれていて」 (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 The bright red "flowers" of the poinsettia plant -----, technically speaking, not flowers at all, but groups of specialized leaves called bracts. (A) are (B) is (C) being (D) to be ※正解(A)。【解説】 空所にはこの文の動詞が入ることになるので、(C)と(D)は除外できる。この文の主語はThe bright red" "flowers"である。したがって、正解は(A)。poinsettia「ポインセチア」、bract「包葉」。 2. 空所補充問題 Distinguishing ----- ordinary rheumatoid arthritis and dysfunction of the immune system requires extensive medical experience. (A) within (B) between (C) among (D) on ※正解(B)。【解説】 distinguishの意味は「区別する」。空所の後にはandを挟んで名詞句が2つ並んでいるので、betweenを入れれば「AとBを区別する」の意味になる。正解は(B)。rheumatoid arthritis「慢性関節リューマチ」、dysfunction「機能障害」、immune system「免疫システム」。 3. 空所補充問題 The most severe physical pains involved with the hunger response in humans ----- stomach cramps, or uncontrollable contractions of the stomach muscles. (A) is (B) to be (C) being (D) are ※正解(D)。【解説】 The mostから空所の前のhumansがこの文の主語である。したがって、空所にはpainsに呼応して(D)areが入ることになる。contractions「収縮」。 4. 空所補充問題 Potatoes are not native to Ireland, and corn -----. (A) is either (B) isn't neither (C) is neither (D) isn't either ※正解(D)。【解説】 前半がare notと否定文になっているので、それを受け空所にはisn't eitherが入ることになる。これで「トウモロコシもアイルランド原産ではない」の意味になる。 5. 空所補充問題 Grass can grow ----- soil and climate conditions are sufficiently accommodating. (A) ever (B) whenever (C) every (D) never ※正解(B)。【解説】 この文には動詞が2つ(grow、are)があるので、空所には接続詞が入ることになる。したがって、正解は(B)wheneverである。 6. 正誤問題 Calico is (A)a cotton fabric related (B)to chintz and percale (C)that it originated (D)in Calicut, India. ※正解(C)。【解説】 that it → that(itをカット)。この場合のfabric「布」は可算名詞。related to ... 「……と同族の」。thatの後のitはどう見ても余分である。originatedの後の前置詞inに問題はない。calico「サラサ」。chintz「チンツ」、percale「パーケール」。 7. 正誤問題 (A)An armistice is a formal truce (B)in which both sides in a war agree to stop fighting for a specific purpose without (C)lying down (D)their arms entirely. ※正解(C)。【解説】 lying → laying。armistice「休戦」は可算名詞。前置詞+関係代名詞in whichに問題はない。lyingはlayingとしなければ「(武器などを)捨てる」の意味にはならない。theirはboth sidesを指す。 8. 正誤問題 (A)While the early 1940s, Nat "King" Cole was (B)considered to be one of the (C)leading jazz pianists of (D)his day. ※正解(A)。【解説】 While → During。Whileの後にthe early 1940sが来ているので、ここはWhileの代わりに前置詞Duringを使う。be considered to be... の用法に問題はない。leading「一流の」。hisとはNat "King" Coleのことである。 9. 正誤問題 (A)However electronic computers had been in use (B)since the late 1940s, (C)they were not in widespread household use (D)until the late 1980s. ※正解(A)。【解説】 However → Although。Howeverのままでは文が成立しない。Althoughを使えば意味が通るようになる。widespread「広く行き渡った」。 10. 正誤問題 Rodin's sculpture The Age of Bronze is a cast of a carving (A)so lifelike (B)that the artist was (C)initial accused of (D)having made a cast of a living person. ※正解(C)。【解説】 initial → initially。so... thatは皆さんご存じの構文である。initialは過去分詞accusedにかかっているので、形容詞ではなく副詞initiallyを用いる。having madeの用法に問題はない。Rodin「ロダン」。 II.時事英文 Cities Around the World Are 'Going Green' (その9:全9回シリーズ) The United Arab Emirates and the environmental group World Wide Fund for Nature have taken green building a step further with the Masdar City project. Its aim is to be the greenest city in the world. The city will meet environmental rules set by the WWF One Living Planet and the company BioRegional. The city is expected to produce no waste, no carbon pollution and contain no cars. The city will create renewable energy from the wind, sun and other technologies. And, buildings will be made using only recycled materials. Masdar City is expected to be finished by two thousand sixteen. The United Arab Emirates has given the company Masdar Initiative fifteen billion dollars to develop future energy sources. The country aims to become a world leader in renewable energy technologies. Experts say developments like this may lead to a greener future for all cities in the world. III - a. 雑知識
III-b. 英語のことわざ ◆Old habits die hard ◆ This proverb means that it's hard for people to change. If you have been doing something for a long time, it's difficult to stop doing it. III-c. 英語の新語 ◆Recreational griever◆ When people grieve, they show that they are unhappy because of the death of other people. Recreational grievers grieve, not because they are really unhappy, but because they want to show other people that they are caring, sensitive people. So they make sure that they grieve in a way that everyone will notice. This term was created shortly after the death of Princess Diana, when many people showed their grief in public. III -d. 英語でどう言う? 急ブレーキをかける slam on the brakes 【例文】I slammed on the brakes to avoid hitting the child. バックミラーで確認する Look in the rearview mirror 【例文】You have to look in the rearview mirror whenever you change lanes. クラクションを鳴らす blow one's horn 【例文】She blew her horn at the blind corner. スピード違反で捕まる be caught for speeding 【例文】Ted was caught for speeding near the school zone. III-e 今週のイディオム hang in the balance 不安定な状態にある (be uncertain of the outcome) 物事や人の将来などが「不安定な状態にある」ことを意味する慣用表現。balance (天びん)に乗っているようにどちらに傾くか予想できず、瀬戸際にある状態を指して使われます。 If the food crisis continues, the lives of hundreds of thousands of children in that country will hang in the balance. (もし食糧危機が続けば、その国の何十万という子どもたちの命ががけっぷちに立たされる) Because of the financial problem, the baseball team's future still hangs in the balance. (財政的な問題のために、その野球チームの将来は依然として見通しが立っていない) More than 300 jobs are hanging in the balance at the money-losing company. (その赤字企業では300人以上の仕事口が今後どうなるか分からない) IV. Jokes a. An English teacher wrote the words, "Woman without her man is nothing" on the blackboard of her year 10 class and directed the students to punctuate it correctly. The young men wrote: "Woman, without her man, is nothing." The young women wrote: "Woman! Without her, man is nothing." b. A patient tells his doctor he has a terrible problem. Every morning at 8 am he has a bowel movement. "What's wrong with that?" asks the doctor. Says the patient; "I don't get up until 9 am!" bowel movement 排便 c. A neurologist dies and goes to heaven, where he meets Saint Peter at the Pearly Gates. "Any requests before we let you in?" asks the saint. "Yes," responds the neurologist. "I've worked with neurosurgeons all my life and I really can't stand them. I don't want to see another neurosurgeon for eternity." Saint Peter agrees. But when the neurologist gets to heaven the first thing he sees is a guy walking around in a white lab coat, holding a brain in his hand. The neurologist is infuriated. "I told you I didn't want to see any neurosurgeons," he complains. Replies Saint Peter: "That's not a neurosurgeon. That's God. He just like to pretend He's a neurosurgeon." d. In the process of wiping his bar one day, a bartender looks down and sees a snail. "Can I have a beer?" asks the snail. The bartender just looks at him, shrugs, and flicks him off the bar. A year later, the bartender looks down to find a snail looking up at him. "What did you do that for?" it asks. |