資料No. : NS080625
I-1 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題 (1) TOEIC 1. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Are you sure we ought _______ this on the air later tonight? (A) to show (B) to be shown (C) have shown (D) show 2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 He asked me to check all _______ major hotels while I was there. (A) a (B) an (C) the (D) some 3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Show me that report when he _______ out of the room. (A) goes (B) will go (C) is gone (D) went 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 These _______ distributed at next week's meeting. (A) were (B) have been (C) will (D) are being 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 I'm sorry we were so late. The train was _______. (A) been delayed (B) delay (C) delayed (D) delaying 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 You'd better hit the _______ if you want to pass that exam. (A) roof (B) bottle (C) books (D) road 7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Come on, we've finished now. Let's call it a _______. (A) day (B) spade (C) completion (D) job 8. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The legislator had no _______ but to resign after evidence of his corruption surfaced in the press. A) responsibility B) alternative C) conscience D) defense 9. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The only solution to the trade friction problem is ----- among all the parties concerned. (A) conclusion (B) compromise (C) comparison (D) complement 10. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 If I know your available dates, I ----- able to reschedule the meeting. (A) will be (B) could have been (C) would be (D) would have been 11. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 A)Another reason we are B)so happy with our new home is C)the great number of excellent shops and restaurants in D)a neighborhood. 12. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 A)Since he neglected B)to take any notes the first time, he had no choice C)but to D)again repeat the study. 13. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 My grandfather (A)always (B)goes for a (C)one hour walks late (D)in the evening. (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 Acquiring a medical degree requires not only academic preparation but rigorous practical training -----. (A) as well as (B) as well(C) as also(D) also to 2. 空所補充問題 The California Gold Rush lasted -----, and was followed by others in the U.S., Australia, South Africa and Canada. (A) through 1848 from 1849 (B) to 1849 through from 1848 (C) through from 1848 to 1849 (D) from 1848 through 1849 3. 空所補充問題 The pigmented membrane constituting the iris of the eye forms a radial pattern unique ----- each individual. (A) as (B) at (C) to (D) from 4. 空所補充問題 The risk of kidney stones can be dramatically reduced with a diet ----- in salt and red meat. (A) that lowers (B) is lower (C) low (D) lowering 5. 空所補充問題 The esophagus is a muscular tube that carries food from the mouth to the stomach, and ----- sometimes also referred to as the gullet, especially in animals. (A) are (B) is (C) to be (D) being 6. 正誤問題 Eighteenth-century English fur trader and (A)the explorer Anthony Henday, (B)who was born on the Isle of Wight, (C)was the first white man (D)to visit the Blackfoot Indians of Canada. 7. 正誤問題 (A)The Gila River flows (B)west across Arizona (C)from the Mogollon Mountains of New Mexico, and sometimes (D)empties it into the Colorado River near Yuma. 8. 正誤問題 The great size and (A)beautiful of the feathers of the bird known as the peacock (B)give (C)it a (D)uniquely exotic appearance. 9. 正誤問題 In 1949, Poland officially (A)declared that it had achieved the (B)three most immediate goals of a (C)three-years plan to begin the long, (D)painful process of postwar recovery. 10. 正誤問題 About 150 (A)millions years ago (B)in (C)what is now the western United States, a giant plant-eating dinosaur called Apatosaurus (D)thrived. I-2 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題解答 (1) TOEIC 1. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Are you sure we ought _______ this on the air later tonight? (A) to show (B) to be shown (C) have shown (D) show 訳:これを今晩遅くに放送するべきだと本当に思いますか? ※正解(A)。ought は後ろにがくるので (C)、(D) は不適切です。(B) は受動態で、「〜されるべきだ」という意味。 2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 He asked me to check all _______ major hotels while I was there. (A) a (B) an (C) the (D) some 訳:そこにいる間に、すべての一流ホテルを調べるように彼に頼まれた。 ※正解(C)。all theで、その名詞の指すものすべてを表します。したがって、正解は (C) です。all は the の前にくるという語順に注意してください。 3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Show me that report when he _______ out of the room. (A) goes (B) will go (C) is gone (D) went 訳:彼が部屋から出ていったら、そのレポートを見せてよ。 ※正解(A)。彼が「部屋から出ていく」のは未来のことですが、when を使った「時」を表す副詞節の中では、未来のことでも現在形で表します。したがって、正解は (A) になります。I don't know when he will come back.「彼がいつ帰るかわかりません」など、名詞節のときは未来形を使いますから、注意しましょう。 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 These _______ distributed at next week's meeting. (A) were (B) have been (C) will (D) are being 訳:これは来週の会議で配布されます。 ※正解(D)。「来週の会議で」という未来の内容を表す副詞句がヒントです。(A) の過去形や (B) の現在完了では不適切です。また、(C) の未来を表す助動詞 will の後には distributed はきません。正解は (D) で、受動態の進行形で未来を表しています。 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 I'm sorry we were so late. The train was _______. (A) been delayed (B) delay (C) delayed (D) delaying 訳:遅れてすみません。電車が遅れたんです。 ※正解(C)。delay は「遅らせる」という意味の他動詞です。ここでは the train が主語なので受動態になります。(A) や (B) では直前の be 動詞の was につながりません。 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 You'd better hit the _______ if you want to pass that exam. (A) roof (B) bottle (C) books (D) road 訳:その試験に合格したいなら、猛勉強しなさい。 ※正解(C)。どの選択肢にも hit と結びついたイディオムがあるので、それぞれの意味を知らなければ迷うかもしれません。正解は(C) の hit the books で「(猛烈に)勉強する」です。Hit the roof は「かんしゃくを起こす;(物価などが)うなぎ登りに上がる」、hit the bottle は「大酒を飲む」、hit the road は「(車などで)出かける;旅に出る」という意味です。 7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Come on, we've finished now. Let's call it a _______. (A) day (B) spade (C) completion (D) job 訳:さあ、やっと終わったぞ。今日はこれで切り上げよう。 ※正解(A)。call it a day は口語で「(その日の仕事などを)終わりにする、切り上げる」という意味です。(B) spade は農具の「すき」という意味で、call a spade a spade「そのものをずばりと言う」というイディオムがあります。(C) は complete「〜を完成する」の名詞形です。 8. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The legislator had no _______ but to resign after evidence of his corruption surfaced in the press. A) responsibility B) alternative C) conscience D) defense 訳:彼の汚職が記事に出た後、その議員は辞任すること以外、選択肢がなかった。 ※正解(B)。alternative「代替案、選択肢」の意味。空所直後のbutは「除く」です。 9. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The only solution to the trade friction problem is ----- among all the parties concerned. (A) conclusion (B) compromise (C) comparison (D) complement 訳:貿易摩擦問題を解決するためには、すべての利害関係者が妥協する以外に方法はない。 ※正解(B)。the parties concerned で「利害関係者」という意味。 (A)conclusion (結論) (B)compromise (妥協)、 (C)comparison (比較)、 (D)complement (補完物)のうち、空所に入れて文意に合うのは (B) 。 10. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 If I know your available dates, I ----- able to reschedule the meeting. (A) will be (B) could have been (C) would be (D) would have been 訳:もしあなたの都合の良い日が分かれば、会合の予定を立て直すことができます。 ※正解(A)。If 節の動詞が現在形であることから、「単なる条件」を表す直説法の文であると分かる。よって、正解は (A) の will be となる。 11. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 A)Another reason we are B)so happy with our new home is C)the great number of excellent shops and restaurants in D)a neighborhood. 訳:私たちの新しい家が気に入っているもう1つの理由は、近所にすてきな店やレストランがとてもたくさんあることです。 ※正解(D)。解説 ここでは、「新しい家の近所」と限定されているので、 D) の a を定冠詞に変え、 the neighborhood としなくてはならない。 reason の後に関係副詞 why が省略されていることに注意する。また、「非常に多くの〜」は a great number of 〜だが、ここでは「〜の総数」という意味を表すため、 the great number of 〜となっている。 12. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 A)Since he neglected B)to take any notes the first time, he had no choice C)but to D)again repeat the study. 訳:彼は初めはノートを取るのを忘れたので、また勉強し直すしかなかった。 ※正解(D)。repeat に「〜を繰り返す」という意味があるので、 D の again は不要である。ちなみに、 have no choice but to 〜は「〜するほかにどうしようもない」を意味する表現で、この場合の but は「〜のほかには」という意味。 13. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 My grandfather (A)always (B)goes for a (C)one hour walks late (D)in the evening. 訳:祖父はいつも夕方遅く、1時間ほど散歩に出かける。 ※正解(C)。one hour walks → one hour walk。(C) walk「散歩」go for a walk「散歩に行く」 (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 Acquiring a medical degree requires not only academic preparation but rigorous practical training -----. (A) as well as (B) as well(C) as also(D) also to ※正解(B)。【解説】 as well as、as also、also toを問題文の最後に使えないのは明らかである。「……も」の意味を表す(B) as wellが正解。rigorous「厳しい」。 2. 空所補充問題 The California Gold Rush lasted -----, and was followed by others in the U.S., Australia, South Africa and Canada. (A) through 1848 from 1849 (B) to 1849 through from 1848 (C) through from 1848 to 1849 (D) from 1848 through 1849 ※正解(D)。【解説】 from... toがあれば戸惑うことはないのだが。選択肢にはそれがない。from 〜 through... で「〜から……までずっと」の意味になるので正解は(D)。last「続く」。 3. 空所補充問題 The pigmented membrane constituting the iris of the eye forms a radial pattern unique ----- each individual. (A) as (B) at (C) to (D) from ※正解(C)。【解説】 形容詞uniqueの後にどの前置詞が来るか?be unique to... で「……に特有の」という意味になる。正解は(C)。membrane「膜、細胞膜」、iris「(眼球の)虹彩」。 4. 空所補充問題 The risk of kidney stones can be dramatically reduced with a diet ----- in salt and red meat. (A) that lowers (B) is lower (C) low (D) lowering ※正解(C)。【解説】 be low in... で「……が少ない」の意味になる。しかし、dietの後に続けるにはthat is low ... を用いることになるが選択肢には見あたらない。さて正解は?that isを省略してlowをdietの後に続ければいいのである。 5. 空所補充問題 The esophagus is a muscular tube that carries food from the mouth to the stomach, and ----- sometimes also referred to as the gullet, especially in animals. (A) are (B) is (C) to be (D) being ※正解(B)。【解説】 この文の主語は単数形のThe esophagus「食道」である。The esophagusに呼応したisを空所に入れればis referred to as... 「……と呼ばれている」の意味になる。gullet「のど、食道」。 6. 正誤問題 Eighteenth-century English fur trader and (A)the explorer Anthony Henday, (B)who was born on the Isle of Wight, (C)was the first white man (D)to visit the Blackfoot Indians of Canada. ※正解(A)。【解説】 the explorer → explorer。fur traderとthe explorerが並列されているのでEighteenth-century Englishはexplorerにもかかることになる。したがって、冠詞theは不要である。 7. 正誤問題 (A)The Gila River flows (B)west across Arizona (C)from the Mogollon Mountains of New Mexico, and sometimes (D)empties it into the Colorado River near Yuma. ※正解(D)。【解説】 empties it → empties。文頭の冠詞The、副詞west、前置詞fromの用法に問題はない。empty into... で「……に注ぐ」の意味になるのでitは必要ない。 8. 正誤問題 The great size and (A)beautiful of the feathers of the bird known as the peacock (B)give (C)it a (D)uniquely exotic appearance. ※正解(A)。【解説】 beautiful → beauty。beautifulの前後に名詞size、前置詞ofがあることから、ここでは名詞beautyを使わなくてはいけないことがわかる。giveはこの文の主語に呼応している。itはthe birdを指している。exoticを修飾する副詞uniquelyの用法に問題はない。 9. 正誤問題 In 1949, Poland officially (A)declared that it had achieved the (B)three most immediate goals of a (C)three-years plan to begin the long, (D)painful process of postwar recovery. ※正解(C)。【解説】 three-years → three-year。declared that... で「……を宣言した」の意味。three mostの語順に問題はない。three-yearsは形容詞なので、この場合sは取らなければいけない。painful「苦しい、つらい」。 10. 正誤問題 About 150 (A)millions years ago (B)in (C)what is now the western United States, a giant plant-eating dinosaur called Apatosaurus (D)thrived. ※正解(A)。【解説】 millions → million。150 millions years agoはどう見てもおかしい。この場合のmillionは「100万の」という意味の形容詞なので複数形のsを付ける必要はない。thrive「栄える、成長する」。 II.時事英文 Cities Around the World Are 'Going Green' (その7:全9回シリーズ) Cities around the world are also taking action to protect the environment. For example, the mayor of London, England has made environmental planning an important part of his work. The city has created a Climate Change Action Plan to help cut pollution levels. London has also started a Green Grid program in the eastern part of the city. Its aim is to create and protect planted areas in which people can enjoy the outdoors. In the Netherlands, a Dutch company has built a system that uses cold lake water to cool people's homes in one area of Amsterdam. This use of a renewable natural resource helps reduce pollution and energy costs. III - a. 雑知識
III-b. 英語のことわざ ◆No news is good news◆ You are very worried about something -- perhaps about a job interview -- and you are waiting for news about whether it went well or it went badly. According to this proverb, if there was bad news -- i.e., you failed to get the job -- you would have already heard it by now, because bad news spreads more quickly than good news. So receiving no news is a good thing. It means you still have a chance of getting that job. III-c. 英語の新語 ◆Psychobabble◆ To talk psychobabble is to analyze or explain something using a lot of psychological terms, usually to express something reasonably simple in complicated, hard-to-understand, and hard-to-pronounce terms. For some excellent examples, see www.homestead.com/flowstate/psychobabble.html. "Psycho" is from "psychology" and "babble" means meaningless, nonsensical talk. III -d. 英語でどう言う? ウエーターを呼ぶ call the waiter 【例文】He called the waiter and asked for another glass of beer. 注文する order 【例文】I ordered today's special from the menu. 満腹になる have a full stomach 【例文】Peter had a full stomach from eating a jumbo-sized beef bowl. 割り勘で支払う split the bill 【例文】My boss always splits the bill when we go for a drink. III-e 今週のイディオム over someone's head (難しすぎて)人に理解できない 文字通りには「〜の頭を越えて」で、説明などが難しすぎてそのまま頭の上を通過してしまう様子を、理解不可能にたとえた表現です。be動詞のほかgpoを伴って使われることもあります。 When my friends start talking about computers, I just don't listen. All that sort of thing is over my head. (友達がコンピューターの話を始めたら聞かないことにしている。そういった話は僕にはわからない) The teacher's explanation on the English grammar rule went completely over my head. (先生のその英文法に関する説明は、私にはまったく理解できなかった) I'm afraid that most of his talk will go right over my head. (彼の話のほとんどが僕には理解できないかもしれない) IV. Jokes a. Coming out of the supermarket the other day, I saw a scary sight. As a woman loaded grocerries into her trunk, her shopping cart began to roll away. The scary part? It was heading for my car. She ran after it, but was too late - the cart slammed into my driver's side door. "How bad is the damage?" I called out, running towards her. "Bad," she said, gathering her groceries. "I broke at least a dozen eggs." b. Part of my job on the hospital's cardiac floor was shaving patients from chin to toe in preparation for bypass surgery. Women tended to be fine with this procedure, but not men. One guy in particular gave me a hard time, refusing to let me come near him. Finally, I made a suggestion that helped him overcome his shyness. "If you like, I can do this with my eyes closed." c. During an intense discussion about the ethics and nature of human conflict, I posed this question to my 12 Year class: "Sports are a reflection of our culture. What would sports be without conflict?" One student had an interesting answer. "Golf," he said. d. When the driver in front of my police car began weaving in and out of his lane, I quickly hit the sirens and pulled him over. As I approached his window, I was hit with the stench of alcohol. "Sir," I said, "can you tell me when you started drinking and how much you've had?" "Well, Officer, I can't tell you how much I've had," he slurred. "But I started drinking in 1967." |