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資料No. ： NS080618
I-1 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題 (1) TOEIC １. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問 To _______ matters worse, we can't do anything till next week. (A) produce (B) make (C) do (D) infuriate 2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 It was difficult at first but now I've got the _______ of it. (A) art (B) technique (C) way (D) hang 3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 We'll have to get rid of him sooner or _______. (A) later (B) better (C) after (D) not 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 I know him by _______ but I've never spoken to him. (A) seeing (B) mistake (C) sight (D) chance 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 With this recession our sales are going from bad to _______. (A) bad (B) worse (C) terrible (D) the worst 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 It's difficult not to reply _______ to that kind of an intrusive question. (A) rudely (B) kindly (C) desperately (D) politely 7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Don't take it personally. He doesn't mean to hurt your _______. (A) emotions (B) happiness (C) feelings (D) equilibrium 8. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 A: This party is boring. Let's go home. B: I didn't want to come here _______ . I told you it wasn't going to be fun. A) one after another B) in the first place C) at the least D) on the average 9. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The company was hoping to _______ its product line in order to attract younger customers. A) satisfy B) diversify C) mollify D) glorify 10. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 When Joseph Clancy retired, a party was held in _______ of his many years of service to the company. A) saluting B) honor C) congratulations D) achievement 11. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 We unfortunately arrived A)at our vacation resort on the B)very day that a C)devastating earthquake D)was occurred. 12. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 A)Despite all B)evidence to the C)contrary, he claims D)having committed the murder. 13. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 I A)just want to point B)out that the problem C)could have avoided if my original D)recommendations had been followed. (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 The regiment of mounted soldiers led by Theodore Roosevelt during the Spanish-American war ----- became famous as the "Rough Riders" was officially called the First United States Volunteer Cavalry. (A) where (B) they (C) that (D) them 2. 空所補充問題 One of Rembrandt's most moving paintings is The Return of the Prodigal Son, which he is thought ----- completed in 1665. (A) to have (B) having (C) have (D) had 3. 空所補充問題 The noise associated with airports often disturbs wildlife ----- surrounding areas. (A) locating in (B) in (C) locates in (D) located 4. 空所補充問題 LeRoy Ripley, ----- for his "Believe It or Not" series of comic strips describing oddities and strange occurrences from around the world, published his first panel in 1918. (A) as famous (B) to be famous (C) was famous (D) famous 5. 空所補充問題 The continent of Antarctica has several volcanoes, the most active of which ----- Mount Erebus. (A) be (B) are (C) is (D) to be 6. 正誤問題 (A)Inventing in Berlin in 1822, the accordion is a free-reed instrument (B)with wind (C)supplied by (D)a bellows. 7. 正誤問題 (A)When the powder known (B)as napalm is mixed with gasoline, (C)they produces a jellied form of gasoline with military applications, also (D)referred to as napalm. 8. 正誤問題 Wine grapes (A)must be transported (B)from the vineyard to the winery for processing (C)immediate after (D)they are harvested. 9. 正誤問題 The process (A)by which people and animals maintain an equilibrium (B)between their needs and obstacles (C)to satisfy them (D)is known as adjustment. 10. 正誤問題 Medical researchers (A)have discovered (B)that some symptoms of sickness can (C)relieve by chemically neutral pills the patient believes (D)to contain effective medicine. I-2 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題解答 (1) TOEIC １. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問 To _______ matters worse, we can't do anything till next week. (A) produce (B) make (C) do (D) infuriate 訳：なお悪いことに、来週まで私たちには何もできないのです。 ※正解（B）。to make matters worse で「さらに悪いことには」という意味のイディオムです。to make things worse とも言います。(D) infuriate は「（人）を激怒させる」という意味の他動詞です。 2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 It was difficult at first but now I've got the _______ of it. (A) art (B) technique (C) way (D) hang 訳：最初は難しかったのですが、今ではこつをのみ込みました。 ※正解（D）。get the hang of 〜 で「〜のこつをのみ込む；〜を理解する」という意味になります。ここでの hang は「扱い方、こつ」という意味です。 3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 We'll have to get rid of him sooner or _______. (A) later (B) better (C) after (D) not 訳：遅かれ早かれ、彼と手を切らなければならなくなるだろう。 ※正解（A）。sooner or later で「遅かれ早かれ」という意味です。ただし、日本語の言い回しとは英語の語順は逆ですから、注意して覚えることが大切です。 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 I know him by _______ but I've never spoken to him. (A) seeing (B) mistake (C) sight (D) chance 訳：彼のことは見知ってはいるけど、口をきいたことはない。 ※正解（C）。know 〜 by sight で「〜を見知っている（だけである）」というイディオムです。by mistake は「誤って」、by chance は「偶然に」という意味です。 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 With this recession our sales are going from bad to _______. (A) bad (B) worse (C) terrible (D) the worst 訳：この景気後退で、うちの売り上げもますます悪くなってきている。 ※正解（B）。go from bad to worse で「ますます悪くなる」という意味のイディオムです。recession は「（一時的な）景気後退」、それに対して「（長期の）不況」を depression と言います。 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 It's difficult not to reply _______ to that kind of an intrusive question. (A) rudely (B) kindly (C) desperately (D) politely 訳：あんなぶしつけな質問に、礼儀にはずれないように答えるのは難しい。 ※正解（A）。intrusive 「でしゃばった」質問と言っているので、(B)「やさしく」や (D)「礼儀正しく」、また (C) の「必死に」では文脈上当てはまりません。(A) の rudely なら、「不作法に答えないでいるのは難しい」となり、意味が通ります。 7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Don't take it personally. He doesn't mean to hurt your _______. (A) emotions (B) happiness (C) feelings (D) equilibrium 訳：あなたへのあてつけだと思わないでください。彼はあなたの気持ちを傷つけるつもりはないんです。 ※正解（C）。 hurt 〜's feelings で「（〜の）感情を害する」という意味のイディオムです。emotion は「（喜怒哀楽などの強い）感情」のことを言います。(D) の equilibrium は「（心の）平静」という意味です。 8. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 A: This party is boring. Let's go home. B: I didn't want to come here _______ . I told you it wasn't going to be fun. A) one after another B) in the first place C) at the least D) on the average 訳：A：このパーティーはつまらない。帰ろう。 B：僕はそもそも来たくなかったんだ。面白くならないって言っただろう。 ※正解（B）。in the first place 「そもそも」の意味。 9. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The company was hoping to _______ its product line in order to attract younger customers. A) satisfy B) diversify C) mollify D) glorify 訳：より若い顧客を引き付けるため、生産ラインを多様化したいとその会社は望んでいた。 ※正解（B）。diversify「多様化、多角化する」の意味。 10. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 When Joseph Clancy retired, a party was held in _______ of his many years of service to the company. A) saluting B) honor C) congratulations D) achievement 訳：ジョセフ・クランシーが引退した後、彼の長年にわたる会社への貢献に敬意を表してパーティが開かれた。 ※正解（B）。in the honor of ...「…に敬意を表して」の意味。TOEIC 頻出熟語です。 11. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 We unfortunately arrived A)at our vacation resort on the B)very day that a C)devastating earthquake D)was occurred. 訳：壊滅的な地震が起きた、まさにその日に、運悪く私たちは休日の行楽地に到着した。 ※正解（D）。occur は「（事件などが）起こる」という意味の自動詞で受動態にはならないため、 was occurred を occurred とする。「〜に着く」は arrive at 〜で正しい。 the very は「まさに」という意味で、 that 以下は the very day に説明を加える関係詞節。 devastating は「壊滅的な」を意味する形容詞で、正しい用法である。 12. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 A)Despite all B)evidence to the C)contrary, he claims D)having committed the murder. 訳：反証になるあらゆる証言にもかかわらず、彼は殺人を犯したと主張している。 ※正解（D）。claim （〜と主張する）の後には動名詞は続かないため、 he claims that he committed 〜、あるいは he claims to have committed 〜とするべき。 despite （〜にもかかわらず）は前置詞なので、後には名詞句が続く。「証言、証人、証拠」という意味の evidence は数えられない名詞として扱われるので、 B は正しい。 13. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 I A)just want to point B)out that the problem C)could have avoided if my original D)recommendations had been followed. 訳：私の最初の助言に従っていたら、その問題は回避できただろうということを指摘したいだけです。 ※正解（C）。that 節の主語は the problem なので、 could have avoided を could have been avoided と、受動態にしなくてはならない。また、「助言、勧告」を意味する recommendation は数えられる名詞扱いでもあることに注意する。 (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 The regiment of mounted soldiers led by Theodore Roosevelt during the Spanish-American war ----- became famous as the "Rough Riders" was officially called the First United States Volunteer Cavalry. (A) where (B) they (C) that (D) them ※正解（C）。【解説】 空所の後に動詞becameが来ているのでwhereは使えない。they、themでは前後の文が繋がらない。正解は(C) that（接続詞）である。regiment「連隊」、mounted「馬に乗った」、cavalry「騎兵隊」。 2. 空所補充問題 One of Rembrandt's most moving paintings is The Return of the Prodigal Son, which he is thought ----- completed in 1665. (A) to have (B) having (C) have (D) had ※正解（A）。【解説】 be thought... の後にhave、hadが使えないのは明らか。is thought to have... で「……したと思われている」の意味になる。正解は(A)。moving「感動させる」。 3. 空所補充問題 The noise associated with airports often disturbs wildlife ----- surrounding areas. (A) locating in (B) in (C) locates in (D) located ※正解（B）。【解説】 be located in... で「……に位置している」の意味になるが、wildlifeの後に続けるとするとthat is located in... 、あるいは、located in... を使うことになる。しかし、選択肢にこの２つはない。正解は前置詞だけの(B)である。 4. 空所補充問題 LeRoy Ripley, ----- for his "Believe It or Not" series of comic strips describing oddities and strange occurrences from around the world, published his first panel in 1918. (A) as famous (B) to be famous (C) was famous (D) famous ※正解（D）。【解説】 (D) famousが正解。LeRoy Ripley, who is famous for... このwho isが略されているのである。oddities「奇妙な事柄」。 5. 空所補充問題 The continent of Antarctica has several volcanoes, the most active of which ----- Mount Erebus. (A) be (B) are (C) is (D) to be ※正解（C）。【解説】 be、to beが不可なのはすぐに分かるだろう。空所の後にMount Erebusが来ているので、正解は(B) areではなく(C) isである。Antarctica「南極大陸」、volcanoe「火山」。 6. 正誤問題 (A)Inventing in Berlin in 1822, the accordion is a free-reed instrument (B)with wind (C)supplied by (D)a bellows. ※正解(A)。【解説】 Inventing → Invented。文頭のInventingは(Being) Invented（分詞構文）にしなけらば文が成立しない。前置詞with、(that is) supplied by... の用法に誤りはない。ここではbellows「ふいご」を単数扱いしている。 7. 正誤問題 (A)When the powder known (B)as napalm is mixed with gasoline, (C)they produces a jellied form of gasoline with military applications, also (D)referred to as napalm. ※正解(C)。【解説】 they → it。theyに注目。その後にくる動詞がproducesとなっている。theyはthe powderのことを指しているのでitにしなくてはいけない。napalm「ナパーム」。 8. 正誤問題 Wine grapes (A)must be transported (B)from the vineyard to the winery for processing (C)immediate after (D)they are harvested. ※正解(C)。【解説】 immediate → immediately。助動詞must、前置詞fromに問題はない。形容詞immediateを副詞immediatelyにすれば「 ……した後すぐに」の意味になる。theyはwine grapesのことである。harvest「収穫する」。 9. 正誤問題 The process (A)by which people and animals maintain an equilibrium (B)between their needs and obstacles (C)to satisfy them (D)is known as adjustment. ※正解(C)。【解説】 to satisfy → to satisfying 。前置詞＋関係代名詞by which、前置詞between... andの用法に問題はない。obstacles to... 「……の障害」のtoは前置詞である。したがって、satisfyはsatisfying（動名詞）にしなくてはいけない。is known as ... 「……として知られている」。equilibrium「釣り合い、均衡」。 10. 正誤問題 Medical researchers (A)have discovered (B)that some symptoms of sickness can (C)relieve by chemically neutral pills the patient believes (D)to contain effective medicine. ※正解(C)。【解説】 relieve → be relieved 。現在完了have、接続詞thatに問題は見あたらない。relieve「取り除く、楽にする」はbe relieved byと受け身にしなかれば意味が通らない。不定詞toに誤りはない。 II.時事英文 Cities Around the World Are 'Going Green' (その6：全9回シリーズ) One small town is not yet on any list of the greenest cities. But it may soon be as green as its name. In May of last year, a tornado windstorm destroyed most of the town of Greensburg, Kansas. The city decided to rebuild in a better way, using green methods. A design by Robert McLaughlin for a green home in Greensburg, Kansas Greensburg officials have agreed that all public building projects will follow LEED top-level requirements. The actor Leonardo DiCaprio and the Discovery Channel television station are working together to make a show about Greensburg. The program will show how the people in Greensburg are working to rebuild their town into a green community. III - a. 雑知識
III-b. 英語のことわざ ◆Never mix your liquor◆ If you drink many different types of alcoholic drinks (liquor) in the same evening, you will probably have a very bad hangover the next day. This proverb can be used literally, or it can also be used to mean that you should dedicate yourself to one thing at a time. If you try to do too many things at once, you will end up having problems. III-c. 英語の新語 ◆Presenteeism◆ Presenteeism comes from the word absenteeism, which refers to when an employee repeatedly does not come to work (is absent from work) for no good reason. Presenteeism is the opposite of absenteeism. This word refers to employees who stay at work (are present at work) to work overtime not because they have more work to do but because they feel they just have to be there. They feel they have to show others that they are working hard too. III -d. 英語でどう言う？ コピーをとる make a copy 【例文】Please make three copies of this page. メモをとる take notes 【例文】I alwaqys take notes during the staff meeting. ホチキスで留める staple 【例文】You have to staple these documents before turning them in. (これらの書類を提出する前にホチキスで留めなければならない) (会社を)早退する leave the office early 【例文】Because my father felt sick today, he left the office early and went to see a doctor. III-e 今週のイディオム pull an all-nighter 徹夜で勉強する(働く) (study or work all night long) all-nighterは、徹夜の勉強や仕事など「一晩中続くもの」の意味で、pull (力いっぱい引っ張る)に続けると、夜を徹して勉強や仕事をする様子を表す慣用表現になります。主に学生の間で用いられますが、大人が使うこともあります。 I had to pull an all-nighter to get the paper done on time. (私はレポートを締切までに仕上げるために徹夜しなければならなかった) My colleague pulled an all-nighter in order to finish up her proposal. (企画書を書き上げるために、私の同僚は徹夜した) I pulled an all-nighter to figure out the answers to the crossword puzzle. (クロスワードパズルを解くために徹夜をしてしまった) IV. Jokes a. On the way back from a Cub Scout meeting, my grandson asked my son the question. "Dad, I know that babies come from mummies' tummies, but how do they get there in the first place?" he asked innocently. After my son hemmed and hawed awhile, my grandson finally spoke up in disgust. "You don't have to make something up, Dad. It's OK if you don't know the answer." b. Trying to impress a young lady I was dating, I cooked her a meal. As I served it, I told her bashfully, "Don't expect too much. It's probably not fit a dog." She tried it for a bit and, in an effort to reassure me, said, "You're too modest. It is fit for a dog." c. While having a drink in the pub, I heard three mature ladies discussing the effects of ageing. "I have to say, I've still got the figure I had at 20," said one. Then after a moment's reflection, she continued. "Trouble is, everything's ten centimeters lower." d. I was shopping in the pet section of my local supermarket when I overheard a woman singing the praises of a particular water bowl to her husband. "Look, it even has a water filter!" she concluded, holding the doggie dish out for her husband to have a closer look. He had a slightly different take on things: "Dear, he drinks out of the toilet." e. I suppose it speaks volumes about the state of my marriage when I admit to nodding knowingly at a remark made by a colleague. She was telling me about the death of another co-worker's spouse, when she commented, "How sad. They'd been married only five years so I imagine she still loves him." |