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資料No. ： NS080611
I-1 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題 (1) TOEIC 1. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 If he's found guilty the judge will pass _______. (A) guilt (B) sentence (C) innocence (D) the case 2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 We'd better hurry if we want to _______ the last train. (A) met (B) be on time (C) take (D) return 3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 I'm _______ the details in their annual report. (A) making (B) checking (C) assuming (D) searching 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 He seemed really nervous before he _______ his report. (A) prevaricated (B) was advised (C) presented (D) spoke 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 With the uncertainty in the market, I advise you to invest _______. (A) cautiously (B) confidently (C) disastrously (D) certainly 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 A clone refers to one or more offspring derived from a single ancestor, _______ genetic composition is identical to that of the ancestor. (A) such as (B) even if (C) because (D) whose 7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 It was Mr. White _______ called this morning, he said he would call back around 3 p.m. (A) to be (B) that (C) what (D) to whom 8. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 ----- the oil shock, our company has used solar energy as much as possible. (A) Subsequent (B) Ever since (C) From (D) Previous 9. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 If I buy, I'd like to have a guaranteed ----- date. (A) deliver (B) delivery (C) deliverance (D) deliverable 10. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 ----- on the weather, we should be able to land by three o'clock. (A) Depend (B) Depends (C) Depending (D) Depended 11. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 My mother used to (A)get ungry (B)when I (C)stay out (D)too late. 12. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 He's (A)very (b)sweating bullets (c)over the (d)exam results. 13. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 Dawn (A)broke over the (B)sleepy town and the people began (C)to going about their (D)daily chores. (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 The style of music ----- hymns in the German Protestant church tradition is known as chorale. (A) accompanies (B) accompany (C) accompanied (D) accompanying 2. 空所補充問題 The flavors of tea ----- by the infusion of aromatic chemicals of the leaf into warm water. (A) they produce (B) that are producing (C) are produced (D) producing 3. 空所補充問題む The abolitionists differed from people who held more moderate anti-slavery views in that they insisted ----- an immediate end to the practice of slavery. (A) on (B) in (C) to (D) for 4. 空所補充問題 Marilyn Monroe was the stage name of an actress whose real name ----- Norma Jean Mortenson. (A) is (B) has (C) were (D) was 5. 空所補充問題む The letters assigned to vitamins, ----- as "A", "B" and "C", are an artifact of the historical sequence of their discovery rather than an indication of their chemical composition. (A) that (B) those (C) such (D) like 6. 正誤問題 (A)Thanks to modern surgical techniques, it is (B)very often possible to reattach severed limbs (C)which the patient (D)receives proper emergency medical care. 7. 正誤問題 (A)Less than two hours after President John F. Kennedy was (B)assassinated, Lyndon B. Johnson took the presidential oath of (C)office in a (D)sadly, solemn ceremony. 8. 正誤問題 The science of artificial intelligence (A)involves the study of computer systems (B)that (C)perform tasks that seem to (D)acquire consciousness. 9. 正誤問題 The work of Raphael, (A)one of the greatest and most influential painters of the Italian Renaissance, (B)he influenced artists (C)up to the early (D)1900's. 10. 正誤問題 Canberra, (A)a capital of Australia, is (B)that country's (C)leading example of (D)large-scale city planning. I-2 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題解答 (1) TOEIC 1. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 If he's found guilty the judge will pass _______. (A) guilt (B) sentence (C) innocence (D) the case 訳：彼がもし有罪だということがわかれば、判事は刑を宣告するだろう。 ※正解（B）。pass sentence（on ＋人）で「（人に）刑を宣告する」という決まった言い回しです。「有罪［無罪］を宣告する」というときは、という言い方をします。 2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 We'd better hurry if we want to _______ the last train. (A) met (B) be on time (C) take (D) return 訳：最終電車に乗るなら、急いだほうがいい。 ※正解（C）。(B) の on time は「時間どおりに」という意味。in time「間に合って」なら後に for を伴い、「（電車）に間に合う」という意味になります。「電車に乗る」は take a train と言います。 3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 I'm _______ the details in their annual report. (A) making (B) checking (C) assuming (D) searching 訳：彼らの年次報告書の詳細を調べているところです。 ※正解（B）。check も search も、日本語では「調べる」という訳が当てはめられますが、search は「（場所や人の体など）を捜す；（書類など）を調べる」という意味で、捜し求めるものは直接目的語にはなりません。assume は「〜が…であると仮定する」という意味です。 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 He seemed really nervous before he _______ his report. (A) prevaricated (B) was advised (C) presented (D) spoke 訳：彼は自分の報告書を発表する前はとても緊張しているように見えた。 ※正解（C）。(A) は少し難しい単語ですが、「言い逃れをする」という意味の自動詞です。(B) は on や about などの前置詞が必要です。(D) の speak はある言語や言葉を話すときにしか使いません。 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 With the uncertainty in the market, I advise you to invest _______. (A) cautiously (B) confidently (C) disastrously (D) certainly 訳：市場が不安定なので、投機は慎重にしたほうがいいですよ。 ※正解（A）。「市場が不安定だ」と言っているのですから、気をつけるように勧める表現がくると考えられます。(B)「大胆に」、(C)「悲惨に」、(D)「確かに」では文意が通りません。 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 A clone refers to one or more offspring derived from a single ancestor, _______ genetic composition is identical to that of the ancestor. (A) such as (B) even if (C) because (D) whose 訳：クローンとは1人の祖先から生じた1人かそれ以上の子孫を言い、その遺伝子構成はその祖先と同一である。 ※正解（D）。《解説》だれのgenetic composition「遺伝子構成」であるかを空所に入れる語によって明らかにする。内容的には当然「クローンの遺伝子構成」ということになり、A cloneを先行詞として、関係代名詞のwhoseを非制限用法で用いればよい。refer to「〜を指して言う」、offspring「子孫」、ancestor「祖先」 《選択肢》(A) such as「〜のような」、(B) even if「たとえ〜でも」 7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 It was Mr. White _______ called this morning, he said he would call back around 3 p.m. (A) to be (B) that (C) what (D) to whom 訳：今朝、電話をかけてきたのはホワイト氏で3時ごろまたかけ直すと言っていました。 ※正解（B）。《解説》calledの主語は内容的にはMr. White以外にはない。そのことを踏まえて文の形を見れば、Mr. Whiteを強調したIt was 〜 that ...の強調構文であることが容易に見抜けるはずである。強調構文のthatは関係代名詞のthatとは違うので、混乱しないようにしたい。 8. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 ----- the oil shock, our company has used solar energy as much as possible. (A) Subsequent (B) Ever since (C) From (D) Previous 訳：オイルショック以来ずっと、わが社ではできるだけ太陽エネルギーを利用してきた。 ※正解（B）。解説 (A)Subsequent （〜に続いて起こる）と (D)Previous （以前の）は形容詞であるため、 the oil shock の前に置くことはできない。残る選択肢は (B) と (C) だが、 has used と現在完了形であるため、 (B)Ever since （〜して以来ずっと）が正解。 9. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 If I buy, I'd like to have a guaranteed ----- date. (A) deliver (B) delivery (C) deliverance (D) deliverable 訳：もし買うなら、納期が保証されているものを買いたい。 ※正解（B）。解説 (A) の deliver （〜を配達する）、 (D) の deliverable （引き渡せる）は空所の後の date と結びついて意味を成さない。 (C) の deliverance date は「釈放期日」という意味になり文意に合わない。正解は (B) で delivery date （納期）。 10. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 ----- on the weather, we should be able to land by three o'clock. (A) Depend (B) Depends (C) Depending (D) Depended 訳：天気次第では、3時までに着陸できるであろう。 ※正解（C）。解説 depend on 〜で「〜によって決まる、〜次第である」という意味を表す。空所は文頭にあるので分詞構文だということが分かる。 (C)Depending と (D)Depended が分詞だが、 depend は自動詞なので (D) は不可。正解は (C) 。 11. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 My mother used to (A)get ungry (B)when I (C)stay out (D)too late. 訳：遅くまで外出していてよく母に叱られたものだ。 ※正解（C）。stay out → stayed out。used to do [過去の習慣的行動を表して]「〜するのが常であった」(C) stay out「外にいる、家に帰らない」時制に注意。 12. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 He's (A)very (b)sweating bullets (c)over the (d)exam results. 訳：彼は試験の結果が心配でたまらない。 ※正解（A）。very → really。(A) veryは形容詞・副詞を修飾する。動詞・文全体の修飾にはreallyを使う。(B) sweat bullets「ひどく心配する」 13. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 Dawn (A)broke over the (B)sleepy town and the people began (C)to going about their (D)daily chores. 訳：目覚めきらない町に夜明けがおとずれ、忙しい一日が始まった。 ※正解（C）。to going about → to go about / going about。begin [+to do, +doing]「(〜し)始める、(〜し)だす」(C) go about「せっせと(仕事など)をする」chore「雑用」[複数形で]「(家事や農場の)雑仕事」 (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 The style of music ----- hymns in the German Protestant church tradition is known as chorale. (A) accompanies (B) accompany (C) accompanied (D) accompanying ※正解（D）。【解説】 この文の動詞はis known ... である。(A) (B) (C)を空所に入れると動詞がダブることになる。正解はthat/which accompaniesの意味を表す(D) accompanying（分詞）である。 2. 空所補充問題 The flavors of tea ----- by the infusion of aromatic chemicals of the leaf into warm water. (A) they produce (B) that are producing (C) are produced (D) producing ※正解（C）。【解説】 空所以下には動詞がないことから、(A) (B) (D)は正解とはならない。正解は受身形の(C)である。infusion「煎じ出し」。 3. 空所補充問題む The abolitionists differed from people who held more moderate anti-slavery views in that they insisted ----- an immediate end to the practice of slavery. (A) on (B) in (C) to (D) for ※正解（A）。【解説】 insist「主張する」の後に来る前置詞はonである。abolitionists「奴隷制度廃止論者」。 4. 空所補充問題 Marilyn Monroe was the stage name of an actress whose real name ----- Norma Jean Mortenson. (A) is (B) has (C) were (D) was ※正解（D）。【解説】 過去の事柄に関する文なのでis、hasは使えない。正解は過去・単数形の(D)。 5. 空所補充問題む The letters assigned to vitamins, ----- as "A", "B" and "C", are an artifact of the historical sequence of their discovery rather than an indication of their chemical composition. (A) that (B) those (C) such (D) like ※正解（C）。【解説】 as以下でビタミンに割り当てられた文字の具体例が挙げられているので、suchを空所に入れればsuch as... 「……のような」の意味になり文が繋がる。artifact「人工的なもの」。 6. 正誤問題 (A)Thanks to modern surgical techniques, it is (B)very often possible to reattach severed limbs (C)which the patient (D)receives proper emergency medical care. ※正解(C)。【解説】 which → when。Thanks to... は「……のお陰で」、very oftenは「頻繁に」の意味。関係代名詞whichでは前後の文が繋がらない。whichの代わりにwhenを使えばいい。receivesに問題はない。 7. 正誤問題 (A)Less than two hours after President John F. Kennedy was (B)assassinated, Lyndon B. Johnson took the presidential oath of (C)office in a (D)sadly, solemn ceremony. ※正解(D)。【解説】 sadly → sad。Less than「……しないうちに」、be assassinated「暗殺される」の用法に問題はない。officeの前に冠詞は必要ない。sadlyの後にカンマがあることからもわかるように、ここでは形容詞sadを用いる。solemn「厳粛な」。 8. 正誤問題 The science of artificial intelligence (A)involves the study of computer systems (B)that (C)perform tasks that seem to (D)acquire consciousness. ※正解(D)。【解説】 acquire → require。involves「……を含む、伴う」、関係代名詞that、perform「行う」に誤りはない。acquire「獲得する」ではなくrequire「必要とする」を用いなければ意味が通らない。 9. 正誤問題 The work of Raphael, (A)one of the greatest and most influential painters of the Italian Renaissance, (B)he influenced artists (C)up to the early (D)1900's. ※正解(B)。【解説】 he → カット。one of the greatestに問題はない。he influencedのheは余分である。up to the early 1900'sで「1900年代初期まで」の意味になる。 10. 正誤問題 Canberra, (A)a capital of Australia, is (B)that country's (C)leading example of (D)large-scale city planning. ※正解(A)。【解説】 a capital → the capital。Canberraはオーストラリアの首都（ひとつだけ）である。冠詞はaではなくtheを用いる。代名詞that、leading「すぐれた、主要な」、large-scale「大規模な」に誤りはない。 II.時事英文 Cities Around the World Are 'Going Green' (その5：全9回シリーズ) Popular Science researchers used LEED's rating system to define how green a building is. But there are other rating systems as well. For example, the National Association of Homebuilders has its own set of rules. And, the United States Environmental Protection Agency and Department of Energy joined to create the Energy Star program. Energy Star gives ratings to devices for the home based on how they use energy. And the program helps homeowners learn how to make changes to their houses in a way that uses energy effectively. Energy Star estimates that in two thousand six it helped Americans avoid the release of harmful gases equal to what twenty-five million cars would produce. And, it says Americans saved fourteen billion dollars on energy costs. III - a. 雑知識
III-b. 英語のことわざ ◆Necessity is the mother of invention◆ "Necessity" means a need or a problem, so if you need something, or if there is a problem that needs to be solved, you will be forced to think how you can get it or how you can solve it. This encourages you to be creative. It encourages you to be inventive. III-c. 英語の新語 ◆Politainment◆ Politainment is the mixing of politics and pop culture, where politics is presented in a very simplified way. It is a feature of 2004, and a good example is Michael Moore's anti-Bush documentary "Fahrenheit 9/11." Politainment can be entertainment that is influenced by politics -- such as the recent American tour of major musicians protesting against Bush. The term can also refer to the attitude of the public: that politics is a form of popular entertainment. For example, "The 9/11 Commission Report" (the official documents published by the officials investigating the Sept. 11 terrorist attacks) can be considered politainment because it is the best-selling book at Amazon.com. III -d. 英語でどう言う？ 宿題を提出する turn in 【例文】Thomas turned in his homework to the teacher. カンニングする cheat 【例文】Hiroshi cheated on the English exam. 居眠りする fall asleep 【例文】I often fall asleep during a boring lecture. 一夜漬けで試験勉強する cram overnight for the exam 【例文】Mike is a lazy student, so he always has to cram overnight for the final exam. III-e 今週のイディオム dish on 〜についてうわさ話(世間話)をする (tell secrets about, gossip about) dishには最近の俗語表現で「雑談する、取りざたする」の意味があり、特に人や物事などについて秘密にしなければならないことを暴露する場合などに使われます。 The gossip writer made a career out of dishing on important politicians and celebrities. (そのゴシップ記者は政界の大物や有名人のうわさ話をすることで出世した) The actress agreed to dish on her millionaire ex-lover for a fee of ￥5 million. (その女優はかつて交際していた大金持ちの恋人について、500万円のギャラで暴露することに同意した) He is going to dish on what happened between Alice and Randy. (彼女はアリスとランディの間に何があったかを暴露するつもりだ) IV. Jokes a. "A hamburger and fries," a man orders. "Me too," says the ostrich sitting beside him. "That'll be $9.40," the waitress says. The man reaches into his shirt pocket and hands her the exact change. They return the next day. Both order a steak and again the man pays with exact change. "How do you do that?" the waitress asks. "A genie granted me two wishes," explains the man. "My first was that I'd always have the right amount of money to pay for anything." "Brilliant! But what's with the ostrich?" "My second wish was for an exotic chick with long legs who agrees everything I say." b. My four-year-old daughter, Madison, and I had planted a vegetable garden. She eagerly checked the progress of the seeds every day. One morning, while she was eating a multigrain toast, I watched her carefully extract a large seed from the bread. "Mum," Madison said, handing me the seed, "now we can grow toast." c. I was visiting my daughter, and my four-year-old granddaughter, Jenna, was behaving badly. "That's not very nice," I said to Jenna. "Why are you talking to mummy like that?" "Well, Granny," she replied seriously, "you have an awful bad kid!" d. One day I noticed that the broom was in the living room. I thought it strange as I didn't remember leaving it there. The broom stayed in the same spot for three days before I found out why: The TV remote was broken and my sister had been using it to change the channels. |